Liz Coleman's call to reinvent liberal arts education

55,619 views ใƒป 2009-06-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
College presidents are not the first people who come to mind
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ื ืฉื™ืื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช
00:16
when the subject is the uses of the creative imagination.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
00:19
So I thought I'd start by telling you how I got here.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ.
00:23
The story begins in the late '90s.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90.
00:25
I was invited to meet with leading educators
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ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื
00:28
from the newly free Eastern Europe and Russia.
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ืžืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื™ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
00:32
They were trying to figure out how to rebuild their universities.
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ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
00:36
Since education under the Soviet Union
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™
00:39
was essentially propaganda
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืชืขืžื•ืœื”
00:41
serving the purposes of a state ideology,
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ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
00:44
they appreciated that it would take wholesale transformations
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ื”ื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื™ื
00:49
if they were to provide an education
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ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”
00:51
worthy of free men and women.
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ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื.
00:54
Given this rare opportunity
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื–ื•
00:56
to start fresh,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
00:58
they chose liberal arts
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื
01:00
as the most compelling model
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ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:02
because of its historic commitment
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•
01:04
to furthering its students' broadest intellectual,
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ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื,
01:07
and deepest ethical potential.
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ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:10
Having made that decision
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ืžืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•,
01:12
they came to the United States,
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ื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:14
home of liberal arts education,
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ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
01:16
to talk with some of us
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•
01:18
most closely identified
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ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:20
with that kind of education.
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ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื–ื”.
01:22
They spoke with a passion, an urgency,
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ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืœื”ื˜, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช,
01:26
an intellectual conviction
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ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ -
01:28
that, for me, was a voice I had not heard in decades,
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ืงื•ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
01:33
a dream long forgotten.
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ื—ืœื•ื ืฉื ืฉื›ื— ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ.
01:35
For, in truth, we had moved light years
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ื›ื™, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืจื—ืงื ื• ืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ
01:40
from the passions that animated them.
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ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ื—ื• ื‘ื”ื ืจื•ื—-ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:44
But for me, unlike them,
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ืืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื•ื”ื,
01:48
in my world, the slate was not clean,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื”ืœื•ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง.
01:52
and what was written on it was not encouraging.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“.
01:56
In truth, liberal arts education
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื
01:59
no longer exists --
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ืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ --
02:01
at least genuine liberal arts education -- in this country.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื -- ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:05
We have professionalized liberal arts to the point
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช,
02:08
where they no longer provide the breadth of application
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื
02:12
and the enhanced capacity for civic engagement
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
02:15
that is their signature.
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ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:17
Over the past century
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
02:19
the expert has dethroned the educated generalist
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ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ
02:23
to become the sole model
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ื•ืชืคืก ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
02:26
of intellectual accomplishment. (Applause)
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ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
02:28
Expertise has for sure had its moments.
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ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืžื•ื ื—.
02:33
But the price of its dominance is enormous.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจ.
02:37
Subject matters are broken up
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื
02:39
into smaller and smaller pieces,
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ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:42
with increasing emphasis on the technical and the obscure.
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ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ.
02:46
We have even managed to make the study of literature arcane.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื.
02:51
You may think you know what is going on
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
02:53
in that Jane Austen novel --
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ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ --
02:55
that is, until your first encounter
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
02:58
with postmodern deconstructionism.
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ื‘ื“ื”-ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™.
03:01
The progression of today's college student
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ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•
03:04
is to jettison every interest except one.
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ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื-ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ ืœืื—ื“.
03:09
And within that one, to continually narrow the focus,
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ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื–ื”, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“,
03:13
learning more and more about less and less;
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช;
03:17
this, despite the evidence all around us
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ื•ื–ืืช, ื—ืจืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
03:20
of the interconnectedness of things.
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ืœืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:23
Lest you think I exaggerate,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ืžื”,
03:26
here are the beginnings of the A-B-Cs of anthropology.
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ื”ื ื” ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
03:31
As one moves up the ladder,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื,
03:33
values other than technical competence
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ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช
03:35
are viewed with increasing suspicion.
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ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช.
03:38
Questions such as,
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ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:
03:40
"What kind of a world are we making?
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"ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื?
03:43
What kind of a world should we be making?
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"ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ?"
03:46
What kind of a world can we be making?"
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"ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ?"
03:49
are treated with more and more skepticism,
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ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ืก ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื ื•ืช,
03:53
and move off the table.
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ื•ืžืกื•ืœืงื•ืช ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:55
In so doing, the guardians of secular democracy
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื ื›ืš, ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช
03:59
in effect yield the connection
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ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ืงื”
04:03
between education and values
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืœืขืจื›ื™ื
04:05
to fundamentalists,
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ื•ืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื ืื™ื,
04:07
who, you can be sure,
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ื•ืœื”ื, ื”ื™ื• ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš,
04:09
have no compunctions about using education
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ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื™ืคื•ืช-ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
04:12
to further their values:
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขืจื›ื™ื”ื:
04:14
the absolutes of a theocracy.
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ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื“ืช.
04:17
Meanwhile, the values and voices of democracy are silent.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืขืจื›ื™ื” ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื.
04:23
Either we have lost touch with those values
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ืื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื•ืชื ืขืจื›ื™ื,
04:25
or, no better,
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ืื• - ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืข -
04:27
believe they need not
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš
04:29
or cannot be taught.
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ืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
04:31
This aversion to social values
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ืกืœื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
04:33
may seem at odds with the explosion
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ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”
04:36
of community service programs.
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™,
04:38
But despite the attention paid to these efforts,
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ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉืช ืœืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืœื•,
04:41
they remain emphatically extracurricular.
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
04:45
In effect, civic-mindedness is treated
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ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื
04:48
as outside the realm of what purports to be
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ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘
04:51
serious thinking and adult purposes.
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ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช.
04:55
Simply put, when the impulse is to change the world,
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ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช: ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื—ืฃ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:00
the academy is more likely to engender
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืชื•ืœื™ื“
05:02
a learned helplessness
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ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืื•ื ื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“,
05:05
than to create a sense of empowerment.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื”.
05:09
This brew -- oversimplification of civic engagement,
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ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” -- ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜-ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช,
05:15
idealization of the expert,
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ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœ,
05:17
fragmentation of knowledge,
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ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœื—ืœืงื™ื,
05:20
emphasis on technical mastery,
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ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช,
05:22
neutrality as a condition of academic integrity --
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช --
05:26
is toxic when it comes to pursuing the vital connections
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ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
05:31
between education and the public good,
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
05:34
between intellectual integrity
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช
05:37
and human freedom,
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื,
05:39
which were at the heart --
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ืฉืคืขื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– --
05:41
(Applause) -- of the challenge posed to and by
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื] -- ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™
05:45
my European colleagues.
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ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื.
05:47
When the astronomical distance
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™
05:49
between the realities of the academy
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช
05:52
and the visionary intensity of this challenge
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”
05:55
were more than enough, I can assure you,
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ื”ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™,
05:57
to give one pause,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
06:00
what was happening outside higher education
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ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
06:03
made backing off unthinkable.
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ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
06:06
Whether it was threats to the environment,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
06:09
inequities in the distribution of wealth,
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ืื™-ืฆื“ืง ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ,
06:12
lack of a sane policy or a sustainable policy
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ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื
06:15
with respect to the continuing uses of energy,
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
06:19
we were in desperate straits.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืกืชื•ื,
06:21
And that was only the beginning.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
06:24
The corrupting of our political life
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ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:26
had become a living nightmare;
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืกื™ื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™;
06:28
nothing was exempt --
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ืคื’ืข --
06:31
separation of powers, civil liberties,
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ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—,
06:34
the rule of law,
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ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
06:36
the relationship of church and state.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
06:38
Accompanied by a squandering
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ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉื•ื•ืข
06:40
of the nation's material wealth
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื•
06:43
that defied credulity.
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•.
06:45
A harrowing predilection for the uses of force
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ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—
06:48
had become commonplace,
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”,
06:50
with an equal distaste
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ืœืฆื“ ืฉืื˜-ื ืคืฉ ื–ื”ื”
06:52
for the alternative forms of influence.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
06:55
At the same time, all of our firepower was impotent
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ื•ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช, ื›ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื” ืื™ืžืคื•ื˜ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช
07:00
when it came to halting or even stemming
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ืื• ืืฃ ืžื ื™ืขืช
07:03
the slaughter in Rwanda, Darfur, Myanmar.
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ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ื‘ื“ืืจืคื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื™ืื ืžืจ.
07:08
Our public education, once a model for the world,
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ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืช ืœืขื•ืœื,
07:12
has become most noteworthy
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ื”ืคืš ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”
07:14
for its failures.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•.
07:16
Mastery of basic skills and a bare minimum of cultural literacy
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ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช-ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ืขืจื™ืช
07:20
eludes vast numbers of our students.
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ื—ื•ืžืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ืฉื’-ื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
07:24
Despite having a research establishment
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ
07:26
that is the envy of the world,
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ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉื ืœืงื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:28
more than half of the American public
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
07:30
don't believe in evolution.
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ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
07:32
And don't press your luck
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ื•ืืœ ืชื˜ืคื—ื• ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืฉืืœื”
07:34
about how much those who do believe in it
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ื›ืžื” ืžืืœื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”
07:36
actually understand it.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
07:39
Incredibly, this nation,
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ืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ: ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
07:42
with all its material, intellectual and spiritual resources,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื,
07:48
seems utterly helpless
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
07:50
to reverse the freefall in any of these areas.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:55
Equally startling, from my point of view,
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ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™,
07:58
is the fact that no one
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื•
08:00
was drawing any connections
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ืžื–ื”ื” ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™
08:02
between what is happening to the body politic,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
08:05
and what is happening in our leading educational institutions.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
08:09
We may be at the top of the list
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”
08:12
when it comes to influencing access to personal wealth.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื™,
08:16
We are not even on the list
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืจืฉื™ืžื”
08:18
when it comes to our responsibility
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•
08:21
for the health of this democracy.
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:23
We are playing with fire.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืืฉ.
08:26
You can be sure Jefferson knew
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ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืกืคืง: ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ื™ื“ืข
08:28
what he was talking about when he said,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉืืžืจ,
08:30
"If a nation expects to be ignorant and free
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"ืื•ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืคื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ืขืจืช ื•ื’ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื”
08:34
in a state of civilization,
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ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
08:36
it expects what never was,
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆืคื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจื”,
08:38
and never will be."
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืงืจื”."
08:41
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
08:43
On a more personal note,
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ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:45
this betrayal of our principles,
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ื”ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
08:47
our decency, our hope,
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ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
08:49
made it impossible for me
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ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ ืขื•ื“
08:51
to avoid the question,
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ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื”ืฉืืœื”:
08:54
"What will I say, years from now,
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"ืžื” ืืขื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
08:56
when people ask, 'Where were you?'"
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™, 'ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืืช?'"
09:00
As president of a leading liberal arts college,
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ื›ื ืฉื™ืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
09:02
famous for its innovative history,
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ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™,
09:05
there were no excuses.
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ืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
09:07
So the conversation began at Bennington.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืชื— ื‘"ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ" ืฉื™ื—,
09:10
Knowing that if we were to regain
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
09:12
the integrity of liberal education,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
09:14
it would take radical rethinking
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ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช
09:16
of basic assumptions,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“
09:18
beginning with our priorities.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกื•ืœื ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:21
Enhancing the public good becomes a primary objective.
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ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ืขื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื”.
09:25
The accomplishment of civic virtue
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ื”ืฉื’ืช ื˜ื•ื”ืจ-ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™
09:27
is tied to the uses of intellect and imagination
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ
09:31
at their most challenging.
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ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:33
Our ways of approaching agency and authority
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ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
09:37
turn inside out to reflect the reality
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
09:41
that no one has the answers
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
09:44
to the challenges facing citizens in this century,
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ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช,
09:47
and everyone has the responsibility
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
09:51
for trying and participating in finding them.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืชืŸ.
09:55
Bennington would continue to teach the arts and sciences
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"ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ" ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืขื™ื
09:58
as areas of immersion that acknowledge differences
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ื›ืชื—ื•ืžื™-ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื
10:01
in personal and professional objectives.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช.
10:04
But the balances redressed,
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ืืš ื›ืฉืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื”,
10:06
our shared purposes assume an equal
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ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”ื”,
10:09
if not greater importance.
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ืื ืœื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:11
When the design emerged it was surprisingly simple and straightforward.
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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ืขื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข.
10:16
The idea is to make the political-social challenges themselves --
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื --
10:20
from health and education
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ืžื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
10:22
to the uses of force --
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— --
10:24
the organizers of the curriculum.
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ืœืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
10:27
They would assume the commanding role of traditional disciplines.
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ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
10:30
But structures designed to connect, rather than divide
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ืืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื–ื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ื“ื•.
10:35
mutually dependent circles,
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ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื-ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
10:37
rather than isolating triangles.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
10:40
And the point is not to treat these topics
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื”
10:43
as topics of study,
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ื›ืืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื—ืงืจ,
10:45
but as frameworks of action.
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ืืœื ื›ืืœ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื”.
10:47
The challenge: to figure out what it will take
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ: ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ
10:51
to actually do something
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”
10:53
that makes a significant and sustainable difference.
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ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
10:57
Contrary to widely held assumptions,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช,
11:00
an emphasis on action provides a special urgency to thinking.
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ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”.
11:05
The importance of coming to grips with values like justice,
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื“ืง,
11:10
equity, truth,
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ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ืืžืช,
11:12
becomes increasingly evident
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:14
as students discover that interest alone
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”
11:18
cannot tell them what they need to know
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช
11:21
when the issue is rethinking education,
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
11:24
our approach to health,
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ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
11:26
or strategies for achieving
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ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช
11:28
an economics of equity.
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
11:30
The value of the past also comes alive;
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ื’ื ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืงื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”;
11:34
it provides a lot of company.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”:
11:36
You are not the first to try to figure this out,
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ืื™ื ื›ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
11:39
just as you are unlikely to be the last.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
11:42
Even more valuable,
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ื•ืืฃ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ:
11:44
history provides a laboratory
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
11:46
in which we see played out
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ
11:49
the actual, as well as the intended
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ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื,
11:52
consequences of ideas.
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:55
In the language of my students,
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ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™:
11:57
"Deep thought matters
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"ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืžืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
11:59
when you're contemplating what to do
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:01
about things that matter."
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื."
12:04
A new liberal arts that can support this
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ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš
12:06
action-oriented curriculum
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช-ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•,
12:08
has begun to emerge.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—.
12:10
Rhetoric, the art of organizing the world of words
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ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
12:14
to maximum effect.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”,
12:16
Design, the art of organizing the world of things.
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืืžื ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื.
12:21
Mediation and improvisation
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ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืœืชื•ืจ
12:23
also assume a special place in this new pantheon.
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ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืคื ืชืื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
12:28
Quantitative reasoning attains its proper position
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืื•ื™
12:31
at the heart of what it takes to manage change
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
12:35
where measurement is crucial.
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช.
12:37
As is a capacity to discriminate
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ
12:40
systematically between what is at the core
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™
12:43
and what is at the periphery.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™.
12:45
And when making connections is of the essence,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช,
12:48
the power of technology emerges with special intensity.
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ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ-ืฉืืช,
12:53
But so does the importance of content.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
12:56
The more powerful our reach,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืง ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื•,
12:58
the more important the question "About what?"
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ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื”, "ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื”?"
13:02
When improvisation, resourcefulness, imagination are key,
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ื›ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืื™ืœืชื•ืจ, ืชื•ืฉื™ื”, ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
13:06
artists, at long last,
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ื”ืืžื ื™ื, ืกื•ืฃ-ื›ืœ-ืกื•ืฃ,
13:09
take their place at the table,
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ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
13:11
when strategies of action are in the process of being designed.
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื•.
13:17
In this dramatically expanded ideal
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ื‘ืžื•ืคืช ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช,
13:19
of a liberal arts education
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ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
13:21
where the continuum of thought and action is its life's blood,
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ืฉืจืฆืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื ื”ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื•,
13:25
knowledge honed outside the academy
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ืฉื—ื– ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”
13:28
becomes essential.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
13:30
Social activists, business leaders,
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ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™-ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื,
13:33
lawyers, politicians, professionals
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™-ืžืงืฆื•ืข
13:35
will join the faculty as active and ongoing participants
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืกื’ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื
13:40
in this wedding of liberal education to the advancement of the public good.
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ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขื ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
13:44
Students, in turn, continuously move outside the classroom
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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช
13:49
to engage the world directly.
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ื•ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”.
13:52
And of course, this new wine
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
13:55
needs new bottles
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ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:57
if we are to capture the liveliness and dynamism
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ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช
14:01
of this idea.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
14:03
The most important discovery we made
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ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•
14:05
in our focus on public action
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
14:08
was to appreciate that the hard choices
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช
14:11
are not between good and evil,
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ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข,
14:14
but between competing goods.
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ืืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.
14:17
This discovery is transforming.
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ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง.
14:20
It undercuts self-righteousness,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจืขืช ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
14:22
radically alters the tone and character of controversy,
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ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืžืช ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื•ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื•,
14:26
and enriches dramatically
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ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื“ืจืžื˜ื™
14:28
the possibilities for finding common ground.
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ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืžื›ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
14:31
Ideology, zealotry,
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ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืงื ืื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช
14:33
unsubstantiated opinions simply won't do.
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ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื-ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช - ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจืŸ ื›ืืŸ.
14:38
This is a political education, to be sure.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
14:42
But it is a politics of principle,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช,
14:45
not of partisanship.
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ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
14:47
So the challenge for Bennington is to do it.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ "ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ".
14:50
On the cover of Bennington's 2008 holiday card
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ืขืœ ืขื˜ื™ืคืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืœ "ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ" ืž-2008
14:54
is the architect's sketch of a building
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ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:56
opening in 2010
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ืฉื™ื™ืคืชื— ื‘-2010
14:58
that is to be a center for the advancement
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื
15:00
of public action.
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ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
15:02
The center will embody and sustain this new educational commitment.
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ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื™ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื–ื•.
15:07
Think of it as a kind of secular church.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช.
15:10
The words on the card describe what will happen inside.
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ื”ืžืœื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืžืชืืจื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
15:14
We intend to turn the intellectual
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ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™
15:16
and imaginative power, passion and boldness
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ื•ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื•ื”ืชืขื•ื–ื”
15:19
of our students, faculty and staff
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื’ืœ
15:23
to developing strategies
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ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช
15:25
for acting on the critical challenges of our time.
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ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
15:29
So we are doing our job.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื•.
15:32
While these past weeks have been a time
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ืืฃ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื•ืคื”
15:34
of national exhilaration in this country,
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ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
15:37
it would be tragic if you thought this meant
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื˜ืจื’ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
15:40
your job was done.
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ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื›ื ืชื.
15:42
The glacial silence we have experienced
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ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ืฆื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื” ื ืชืงืœื ื•
15:45
in the face of the shredding of the constitution,
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ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื,
15:48
the unraveling of our public institutions,
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ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
15:51
the deterioration of our infrastructure
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ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
15:53
is not limited to the universities.
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ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืจืง ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช.
15:55
We the people
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ืื ื•, ื”ืขื,
15:57
have become inured to our own irrelevance
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ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
16:01
when it comes to doing anything significant
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
16:03
about anything that matters
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
16:05
concerning governance,
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ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืžืฉืœ,
16:07
beyond waiting another four years.
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ืคืจื˜ ืœื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจื ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
16:10
We persist also
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
16:13
in being sidelined by the idea of the expert
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ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื“ื” ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืžื—ื”
16:16
as the only one capable of coming up with answers,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
16:19
despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
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ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื”ื™ืคืš.
16:24
The problem is there is no such thing
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”,
16:29
as a viable democracy made up of experts,
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
16:33
zealots, politicians and spectators.
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ืงื ืื™ื, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืคื™ื-ืžืŸ-ื”ืฆื“.
16:37
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
16:44
People will continue and should continue
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš
16:46
to learn everything there is to know about something or other.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
16:49
We actually do it all the time.
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
16:52
And there will be and should be
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
16:54
those who spend a lifetime
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
16:56
pursuing a very highly defined area of inquiry.
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ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืื“.
17:00
But this single-mindedness will not yield
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื ืชืคื™ืง
17:03
the flexibilities of mind,
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ืืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
17:05
the multiplicity of perspectives,
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ืืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜,
17:08
the capacities for collaboration and innovation
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ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ
17:11
this country needs.
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ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ื.
17:13
That is where you come in.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื.
17:15
What is certain is that the individual talent
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื
17:19
exhibited in such abundance here,
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื’ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื›ื–ื”
17:22
needs to turn its attention
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื
17:25
to that collaborative, messy, frustrating,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ, ื”ืžืชืกื›ืœ,
17:29
contentious and impossible world
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ื”ืคื•ืœืžื•ืกื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™
17:32
of politics and public policy.
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ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
17:34
President Obama and his team
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื•
17:37
simply cannot do it alone.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื“.
17:40
If the question of where to start seems overwhelming
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ืื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืจืชื™ืขื”
17:44
you are at the beginning, not the end of this adventure.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื”.
17:47
Being overwhelmed is the first step
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ื”ืจืชื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
17:50
if you are serious about trying to get at things that really matter,
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ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
17:54
on a scale that makes a difference.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
17:57
So what do you do when you feel overwhelmed?
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ืจืชื™ืขื”?
18:00
Well, you have two things.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
18:03
You have a mind. And you have other people.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
18:06
Start with those, and change the world.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืืœื•, ื•ืชืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
18:11
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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