Help discover ancient ruins -- before it's too late | Sarah Parcak

89,672 views ใƒป 2017-02-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Liblib Fib
00:12
As an archaeologist,
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ื›ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
00:14
I'm most often asked what my favorite discovery is.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:18
The answer's easy:
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”:
00:20
my husband, Greg.
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ื‘ืขืœื™, ื’ืจื’.
00:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:23
We met in Egypt on my first dig.
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ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
00:25
It was my first lesson in finding unexpected, wonderful things.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื™ื,
00:31
This began an incredible archaeological partnership.
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
00:36
Years later, I proposed to him in front of our favorite pair statue
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ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื• ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื•
00:41
of the Prince and Princess Rahotep and Nofret,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืจืื•ื˜ืค ื•ื ื•ืคืจื˜,
00:44
in the Cairo Museum,
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืจ,
00:45
dating to 4,600 years ago.
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ื‘ื ื™ 4,600 ืฉื ื”.
00:48
I thought if I was going to ask Greg to spend the rest of this life with me,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื’ืจื’ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืืชื™,
00:53
then I should ask him in front of two people
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ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
00:56
who had pledged to be together for eternity.
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ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืœื ืฆื—.
01:01
These symbols endure because when we look at them,
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ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืจื“ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
01:03
we're looking at mirrors.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช.
01:05
They are powerful reminders
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ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืชื–ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช
01:07
that our common humanity has not changed.
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ืฉื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”.
01:11
The thrill of archaeological discovery is as powerful as love,
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ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืื”ื‘ื”,
01:17
because ancient history is the most seductive mistress imaginable.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžืคืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
01:22
Many archaeologists have devoted their lives
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ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
01:25
to unraveling the mysteries of the past
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ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
01:27
under hot suns
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ืชื—ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืงื•ืคื—ืช
01:30
and Arctic winds
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ื•ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืงืคื™ืื•ืช
01:32
and in dense rainforests.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื“ื—ื•ืกื™ื.
01:35
Many seek.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.
01:36
Some discover.
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ื—ืœืงื ืžื’ืœื™ื.
01:38
All worship at the temple of possibility
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ื›ื•ืœื ืกื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
01:40
that one discovery might change history.
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ืฉืชื’ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
01:45
On my first day in Egypt, I worked at a site
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืชืจ
01:47
in the Northeast Egyptian Delta called Mendes, dating to 4,200 years ago,
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ื‘ื“ืœืชื” ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื ื“ืก, ืžืœืคื ื™ 4,200 ืฉื ื™ื
01:53
in a cemetery.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช.
01:54
That's a picture of me --
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ --
01:56
I'm just in my bliss.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ.
01:57
On the dig, surrounded by emerald green rice paddies,
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ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื”, ืžื•ืงืคืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ืื•ืจื– ื™ืจืงืจืงื™ื,
02:01
I discovered an intact pot.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื.
02:05
Flipping it over,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•,
02:07
I discovered a human thumbprint left by whoever made the vessel.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืืฆื‘ืข ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™.
02:12
For a moment, time stood still.
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ืœืจื’ืข, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฆืจ ืžืœื›ืช.
02:15
I didn't know where I was.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆืืช.
02:17
It was because at that moment I realized,
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื‘ื ืชื™,
02:20
when we dig,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื,
02:22
we're digging for people,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:23
not things.
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ืœื ื—ืคืฆื™ื.
02:26
Never are we so present as when we are in the midst of the great past.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ.
02:32
I can't tell you how many times I've stood in front of the Pyramids of Giza,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื–ื”,
02:37
and they leave me speechless.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืชื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื.
02:39
I feel like the luckiest person in the world.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:43
They're a monument to our human brilliance and everything that is possible.
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ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
02:49
Many cannot process their brilliance as human --
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช --
02:52
they think aliens built them.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
02:55
But this is ridiculous.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
02:57
All you need to do is get up close and personal,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘,
03:00
and see the hidden hand of man
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื ืขืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื
03:02
in the chisel marks left by the tools that built them.
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ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
03:08
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built one stone at a time
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ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืื‘ืŸ
03:11
with 2.3 million blocks,
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ืขื 2.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื ื™ื,
03:14
with incredible bureaucratic efficiency.
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ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
03:19
It is not the pyramids that stand the test of time;
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ืœื ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืฉืจื“ื” ืืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ;
03:22
it is human ingenuity.
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ืืœื ื›ื•ื— ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
03:24
That is our shared human brilliance.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:29
History may be cyclical,
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”,
03:32
but we are singular.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:35
I love what I do,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
03:37
because I learn that we haven't changed.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื™ื ื•
03:41
I get to read about mother-in-law jokes from Mesopotamia
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืช ืžืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”
03:45
from 3,500 years ago.
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ืžืœืคื ื™ 3,500 ืฉื ื”.
03:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:49
I get to hear about neighbors cursing each other
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืžืงืœืœื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”
03:53
from 4,600 years ago in Egypt.
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ืœืคื ื™ 4,600 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
03:55
And my absolute favorite, from 3,300 years ago in Luxor:
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™, ืžืœืคื ื™ 3,300 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงืกื•ืจ:
04:00
an inscription that describes schoolboys who cut class to go drinking.
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืชืืจืช ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉืชื•ืช.
04:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:07
Kids these days.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
04:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:11
I get to see the most incredible architecture,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:15
see stunning sculptures --
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืคืกืœื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื --
04:18
I mean, this is basically a selfie in stone --
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืกืœืคื™ ืžืื‘ืŸ --
04:20
and see that we've always rocked serious bling.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื.
04:25
And also, we've been posting on walls
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ื•ื’ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช
04:28
and obsessing about cats --
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ื•ืžืชืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืชื•ืœื™ื --
04:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:31
for thousands of years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:38
Archaeologists are the cultural memory preservers
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ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™
04:41
and the spokespeople
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
04:43
for the billions of people and the thousands of cultures
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืœืคื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช
04:47
that came before us.
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ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
04:48
Good science, imagination and a leap of faith
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ืžื“ืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื•ื ื”
04:52
are the trifecta we use to raise the dead.
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ื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.
04:56
In the last year,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
04:58
archaeologists have made incredible discoveries, including:
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ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ:
05:02
new human ancestors from South Africa;
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ืื“ื ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”;
05:05
tools from 3.3 million years ago --
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ื›ืœื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ 3.3 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื” --
05:08
these are the oldest tools ever discovered --
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ืื™ ืคืขื --
05:10
in Kenya.
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ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
05:12
And this, from a series of medical implements found
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ื•ื–ื”, ืžืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื•
05:15
from Blackbeard's ship from 1718.
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ื‘ืกืคื™ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1718.
05:18
What you're looking at is a medical tool used to treat syphilis.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ื”.
05:25
Ouch!
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ืืื•ืฅ'!
05:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:27
For each of these,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”,
05:29
there are thousands of other incredibly important discoveries
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืœืคื™ ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
05:32
made by my colleagues,
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ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืงืจ,
05:34
that do not make headlines.
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ืฉืœื ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื.
05:36
However, I believe that the most important thing we do as archaeologists
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
05:42
is acknowledge that past people existed
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
05:46
and lived lives worth learning about.
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ืฉื—ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
05:49
Can you even imagine what the world would be like today
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื
05:53
if we acknowledged all human beings in this way?
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช?
05:58
So, on a dig, we have a challenge:
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ืื–, ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื”, ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ืืชื’ืจ:
06:02
it often looks like this.
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ื–ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื”.
06:04
You can't see anything.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื.
06:06
Where are we going to start digging?
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ืื™ืคื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืคื•ืจ?
06:08
This is from a site south of Cairo.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืืชืจ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืงื”ื™ืจ.
06:09
Let's have a look from space.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื”ื—ืœืœ.
06:12
Again, you can't really see much.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:14
What you're looking at is a WorldView-3 satellite image,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ WorldView-3,
06:18
which has a .3 meter resolution.
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ื‘ืขืœ ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ 0.3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
06:21
That's 10 inches.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 10 ืึดื™ื ึฐื˜ืฉื (25.4 ืก"ืž).
06:22
This means that you can zoom in from 400 miles in space
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื•ื ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 400 ืžื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืœ (645 ืง"ืž)
06:26
and see your tablets.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
06:29
How do I know about this?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื”?
06:31
It's because I'm a space archaeologist.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ืœืœ.
06:36
Let me repeat that.
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ืื ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ.
06:37
I am a space archaeologist.
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ืื ื™ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ืœืœ.
06:40
This means --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ --
06:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
06:44
This means I use satellite images and process them using algorithms,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื,
06:49
and look at subtle differences in the light spectrum
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ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ
06:51
that indicate buried things under the ground
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ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”
06:54
that I get to go excavate and survey.
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืคืจืช ื•ื—ื•ืงืจืช.
06:57
By the way --
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ --
06:58
NASA has a Space Archaeology program,
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ืœื ืืกื ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื—ืœืœื™,
07:01
so it's a real job.
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
07:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:04
So, let's have a look again.
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ืื–, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืฉื•ื‘.
07:05
We're back at the site just south of Cairo.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืงื”ื™ืจ.
07:07
You can't see anything.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื.
07:09
Keep your eye on the red rectangle.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ื.
07:13
When we process the image using algorithms --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื --
07:15
think like a space-based CAT scan --
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกื™.ื˜ื™ ืžื”ื—ืœืœ --
07:19
this is what you see.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
07:21
This rectilinear form is an ancient tomb
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ืจ ืขืชื™ืง
07:25
that is previously unknown and unexcavated,
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืคืจ,
07:28
and you all are the first people to see it in thousands of years.
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ื•ืืชื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
07:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:39
I believe we have barely scratched the surface
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
07:41
in terms of what's left to discover.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
07:44
In the Egyptian Delta alone,
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ืจืง ื‘ื“ืœืชื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช,
07:46
we've excavated less than one-1000th of one percent
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ื—ืฉืคื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืœืคื™ืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–
07:50
of the total volume of Egyptian sites.
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ืฉืœ ืกืš ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื.
07:54
When you add to that the thousands of other sites
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืœื–ื” ืืช ืืœืคื™ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
07:56
my team and I have discovered,
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ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•,
07:58
what we thought we knew pales in comparison
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ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก
08:02
to what we have left to discover.
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ืœืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
08:04
When you look at the incredible work
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
08:06
that my colleagues are doing all around the world
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ืฉืขืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:09
and what they're finding,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื,
08:11
I believe that there are millions of undiscovered archaeological sites
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืืชืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืชื’ืœื•
08:16
left to find.
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืชื
08:18
Discovering them will do nothing less
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ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืืชืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช
08:21
than unlock the full potential of our existence.
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ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
08:26
But we have a challenge.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ.
08:29
Over the last year,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
08:30
we've seen horrible headlines
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ืงืจืื ื• ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช
08:33
of incredible destruction going on to archaeological sites,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืก ืขืฆื•ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื,
08:37
and massive looting by people like ISIL.
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ื•ืฉื•ื“ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ืขื"ืฉ.
08:41
ISIL has destroyed temples at Palmyra.
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ื“ืขื"ืฉ ื”ืจืก ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื“ืžื•ืจ.
08:45
Who blows up a temple?
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ืžื™ ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ?
08:47
They've destroyed the Tomb of Jonah.
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืงื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”.
08:50
And we've seen looting at sites so rampant,
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืจื•ืข,
08:54
it looks like craters of the moon.
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ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื›ืชืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื—.
08:59
Knowing ISIL's desire to destroy modern human lives,
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ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื“ืขื"ืฉ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
09:03
it's a natural extension for them to destroy cultural identity as well.
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ื–ื” ืืš ื˜ื™ื‘ืขื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
09:07
Countless invading armies have done the same throughout history.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
09:11
We know that ISIL is profiting from the looting of sites,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื“ืขื"ืฉ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื“ ื”ืืชืจื™ื,
09:15
but we don't know the scale.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ืงืฃ.
09:17
This means that any object purchased on the market today
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื›ื™ื•ื
09:21
from the Middle East
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
09:22
could potentially be funding terrorism.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
09:26
When a site is looted,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชืจ ื ืฉื“ื“,
09:28
it's as if a puzzle already missing 90 percent of it pieces
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืคืื–ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื• 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื
09:34
has had the rest obscured beyond recognition.
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ื ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื›ืจ.
09:37
This is ancient identity theft writ large.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช.
09:40
We know that there are two kinds of looting going on:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื“ ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื:
09:43
looting by criminal elements like ISIL,
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ืฉื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ืขื"ืฉ,
09:45
and then more local looting by those that are desperate for money.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืกืฃ.
09:50
We would all do the same to feed our families;
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•;
09:53
I don't blame the local looters.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
09:55
I blame the middlemen, the unethical traffickers
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ืื ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ
10:00
and an international art market
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ื•ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
10:02
that exploits often ambiguous or even completely nonexistent laws.
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ืฉืžื ืฆืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื™ืจืคื•ืœ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื.
10:08
We know looting is going on on a global scale and it's increasing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ,
10:13
but presently we don't have any tools to stop it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื›ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
10:16
This is beginning to change.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
10:19
My team and I have just completed a study looking at looting in Egypt.
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
10:23
We looked at open-source data
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ื—ืงืจื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืคืชื•ื— ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘
10:25
and mapped the entirety of looting across Egypt
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ื•ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื•ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื
10:28
from 2002 to 2013.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2002-2013.
10:32
We found evidence of looting and site destruction at 267 sites,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจืก ื‘267 ืืชืจื™ื.
10:36
and mapped over 200,000 looting pits.
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ื•ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž200,000 ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื“ื™ื.
10:41
It's astonishing.
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
10:42
And putting that data together --
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ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื—ื“ --
10:44
you can see the looting pits marked here.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
10:48
At one site, the looting got bad from 2009, 2011, 2012 --
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืื—ื“, ื”ืฉื•ื“ ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืž2009, 2011, 2012 --
10:53
hundreds and hundreds of pits.
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ืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
10:55
Putting all the data together,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื—ื“,
10:57
what we found is that, contrary to popular opinion,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช,
11:00
looting did not start to get worse in Egypt in 2011 after the Arab Spring,
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ื”ืฉื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘2011 ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™,
11:05
but in 2009, after the global recession.
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ืืœื ื‘2009 ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
11:09
Thus, we've shown with big data
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ื›ืš, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื•
11:12
that looting is fundamentally an economic issue.
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ืฉืฉื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
11:16
If we do nothing to stop the problem,
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
11:19
all of Egypt's sites will be affected by looting by 2040.
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ื›ืœ ืืชืจื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื“ ืขื“ 2040.
11:24
Thus, we are at a tipping point.
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ื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื”.
11:27
We are the generation with all the tools and all the technologies
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
11:30
to stop looting,
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื•ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช
11:32
but we're not working fast enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื”ืจ.
11:37
Sometimes an archaeological site can surprise you with its resilience.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืืชืจ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
11:43
I am just back from the field,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—,
11:45
where I co-led a joint mission with Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื
11:49
at a site called Lisht.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื™ืฉืช.
11:51
This site dates to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt between 2,000 and 1,750 BC.
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ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืš ืœืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2,000 ืœ 1,750 ืœืคื ื”"ืก.
11:56
The Middle Kingdom was Ancient Egypt's Renaissance period.
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ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื”.
11:59
After a time of intense internal strife and environmental challenges,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื,
12:03
Egypt rebounded
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ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืงืžื”
12:04
with an incredible resurgence of art, architecture and literature.
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ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช.
12:09
It's a favorite period of time to study in Egypt,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื,
12:11
because it teaches us so much about how we can survive and thrive
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื•ืœืคืจื•ื—
12:15
after great disasters.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
12:17
Now at this site, we had already mapped countless looting pits.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื“ื™ื.
12:22
Lisht is a royal site;
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ืœื™ืฉืช ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™;
12:23
there would have been thousands of people buried there
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ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉื
ืฉื—ื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืคืจืขื”.
12:26
who lived and worked at the court of Pharaoh.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™; ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช.
12:28
You can see this before and after; you see dozens of looting pits.
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12:31
North Lisht.
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ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืช.
12:32
This is in South Lisht, before and after.
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ื–ื” ื“ืจื•ื ืœื™ืฉืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™.
12:36
When we first visited the site,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืชืจ,
12:38
we could see the tombs of many high-ranking officials
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื
12:40
that had been looted.
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื“ื“ื•.
12:42
Let me put into perspective for you what was taken.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืœืงื—.
12:45
Imagine a two meter by two meter area full of coffins, jewelry
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข ืžืœื ื‘ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื”, ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื
12:51
and incredible statuary.
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ื•ืคืกืœื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื.
12:53
Multiply that times over a thousand.
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ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืœืฃ.
12:57
That's what was taken.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื’ื ื‘.
12:59
So, when we started work,
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ืื–, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
13:00
my Egyptian co-director, Mohamed Youssef, approached me and said,
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ืขืžื™ืชื™, ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ,
13:03
"We must work at this one particular tomb.
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
13:06
It's been attacked by looters.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื“ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
13:08
If we don't do anything, they'll be back."
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ื™ื—ื–ืจื•".
13:10
Of course I agreed, but I didn't think we'd find anything.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื›ืžืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืฉื”ื•.
13:14
I thought the looters had stolen everything.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
13:16
What we started to find were the most incredible reliefs.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:19
Look at this painting -- it's just stunning.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” -- ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื”ืžื.
13:21
We started finding engraved inscriptions.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช.
13:24
And even the titles of the tomb owner --
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ืจ --
13:26
he had titles like, "Overseer of the Army,"
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืชืืจื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื",
13:28
"Overseer of the Treasury."
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"ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ".
13:29
I began to have hope.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
13:31
Maybe, just maybe we would find his name.
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ืื•ืœื™, ืื ืจืง ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื ืืช ืฉืžื•.
13:35
For the ancient Egyptians, having their name last for eternity
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืฉืžื ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืฆื—
13:38
was their goal.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืื™ืคืชื.
13:40
And then one day,
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ื•ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“,
13:41
this appeared.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื”.
13:43
This is the name of the tomb owner: Intef.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ืจ: ืื™ื ื˜ืค.
13:48
You can see it written out here, in hieroglyphs.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืคื™ื.
13:50
Working together with my Egyptian team,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืฉืœื™,
13:53
we had restored someone's name from 3,900 years ago.
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ืฉื—ื–ืจื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืœืคื ื™ 3,900 ืฉื ื”.
13:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:05
Working together with my Egyptian colleagues,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื,
14:07
we celebrated this moment of shared discovery.
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ื—ื’ื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
14:10
What we were doing together was right and true.
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื™ืชื™.
14:13
We found this incredible false door, mostly intact.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”"ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื”" ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœืžื”.
14:15
On it we read about Intef and his inscriptions.
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ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืค ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
14:19
You can actually even see him seated here.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืืŸ.
14:23
What I realized is that everything I had assumed about looted sites
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืชืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื“ื™ื
14:27
had been proven wrong.
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ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
14:29
Every day on site we worked together with 70 Egyptians
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ืขื 70 ืžืฆืจื™ื
14:32
as colleagues and friends.
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ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
14:35
In the face of so much hatred and ignorance
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ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืื” ื•ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช
14:38
against those in the Middle East,
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
14:40
every moment on site felt like a protest for peace.
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ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœื•ื.
14:45
When you work with those that don't look like you,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš,
14:47
or think like you, or speak like you,
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ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš, ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš,
14:49
your shared mission of archaeological discovery
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™
14:52
erases all superficial differences.
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ืžื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:56
What I learned this season
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ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื”
14:58
is that archaeology isn't about what you find.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื.
15:01
It's about what you can prove possible.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
15:05
Sometimes when you travel, you end up finding long-lost family --
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืกืข ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื --
15:08
not those with whom you share genes,
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ืœื ื›ืืœื” ืืชื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืœืง ื’ื ื™ื,
15:10
but a shared entry in the book of life.
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ืืœื ืฉื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:13
This is Omer Farrouk, my brother.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืžืจ ืคืืจื•ืง, ืื—ื™.
15:16
Omer's a Gufti from a village just North of Luxor, called Guft.
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ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื˜ื™ ืžื›ืคืจ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืœื•ืงืกื•ืจ, ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื•ืคื˜.
15:21
Guftis are part of a celebrated tradition in Egyptology.
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ื”ื’ื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืกื•ืจืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื’'ื™ืคื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
15:24
They help with digging and work crew organization.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
15:27
Omer is my COO and CFO.
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ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื™.
15:29
I simply couldn't do work without him.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•.
15:32
One day many years ago, when I was a young graduate student
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื”
15:36
and Omer was a young Gufti who couldn't speak much English,
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ื•ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืคื˜ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
15:40
we learned, completely randomly,
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ืœืžื“ื ื•, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™,
15:42
that we were born in the same year,
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ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”,
15:45
the same month
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
15:47
and the same day, six hours apart.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉ.
15:52
Twins.
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ืชืื•ืžื™ื.
15:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:55
Separated by an ocean, but forever connected
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“
15:58
for Ancient Egypt is our mother.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืืžื ื•
16:00
I knew then we'd always work together --
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื– ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ --
16:03
not in my brain,
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ืœื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ,
16:05
but in the part of your soul that knows not everything can be explained.
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ืืœื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
16:11
(Arabic) Omer by brother,
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(ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช) ืขื•ืžืจ ืื—ื™,
16:14
I will always love you.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš.
16:18
(English) Omer my brother, I will always love you.
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ืขื•ืžืจ ืื—ื™, ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš.
16:23
So, just before my first dig in Egypt,
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ืื–, ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื,
16:25
my mentor, the very famous Egyptologist Professor William Kelly Simpson,
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ื”ืžื ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื”ืื’'ื™ืคื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ืžืื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืงืœื™ ืกื™ืžืคืกื•ืŸ,
16:29
called me into his office.
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ืงืจื ืœื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื•.
16:30
He handed me a check for $2,000,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืฆ'ืง ืฉืœ 2,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
16:34
and said, "This is to cover your expenses.
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ื–ื” ื™ื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
16:36
Have a glorious adventure this summer.
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ืจืคืชืงืื” ื ืคืœืื” ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
16:39
Someday you will do this for someone else."
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ".
16:43
Thus, my TED Prize wish is partial payback, plus interest --
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ื›ืš, ืžืฉืืœืช ืคืจืก ื”TED ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช --
16:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:49
for a great human being's generosity and kindness.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
16:55
So, my wish.
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ืื–, ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
16:57
I wish for us to discover the millions of unknown archaeological sites
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืœื” ืืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขื™ื
17:03
around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
17:04
By creating a 21st-century army of global explorers,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื,
17:09
we'll find and protect the world's hidden heritage,
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ืฉื ื’ืœื” ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ื”ื ืขืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
17:12
which contains clues to humankind's collective resilience
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ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืจืžื–ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
17:17
and creativity.
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ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
17:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:20
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:22
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:30
So how are we going to do this?
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ืื–, ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
17:32
We are going to build with the TED Prize money
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืจืก TED
17:36
an online, crowdsource, citizen science platform
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืžื“ืข ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช, ืฉืชื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื,
17:40
to allow anyone in the world to engage with discovering
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ื•ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™
17:44
archaeological sites.
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ืืชืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
17:47
There are only a couple hundred of us space archaeologists around the world.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืจืง ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
17:51
It is my dream to engage the world
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
17:54
with helping to find sites and protect them.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืชืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
17:57
What you'll do is sign in, create a username --
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจืฉื, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ --
18:00
note that this particular username is already taken.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืฉื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืœืงื—.
18:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
18:05
You'll take a tutorial and you'll start work.
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ืืชื ืชืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
18:07
I want to note at the outset
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
18:08
that in no way will be sharing GPS data or mapping data for sites.
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ืฉื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื ืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื• ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืืชืจื™ื
18:12
We want to treat them like human patient data,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื—ืกื•ื™,
18:15
and not reveal their locations.
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ื•ืœื ื ื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
18:17
You'll then be dealt a card from a deck -- 20 x 20 meters or 30 x 30 meters,
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืชื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืงืœืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืจื™ืžื” -- 20 ืื• 30 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
18:22
and you'll be looking for features.
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ื•ืชื ืกื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื.
18:24
My team and I will have batch-processed
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ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืืฆื•ื•ื”
18:26
large amounts of satellite data using algorithms
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื
18:28
in order for you to find things,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
18:30
so you'll be doing really good science.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ.
18:32
You'll then be starting to look.
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ืื– ืืชื ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ.
18:33
What do you see? Do you see a temple?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื? ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉ?
18:35
Do you see a tomb? Do you see a pyramid?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืงื‘ืจ? ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”?
18:38
Do you see any potential site damage or site looting?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื”ืจืก ืื• ืฉื•ื“ ืืชืจ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™?
18:42
You'll then begin to mark what's there.
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ืืชื ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื.
18:44
And off to the side are always going to be rich examples
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช
18:47
of exactly what you're seeing, to help guide you.
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ืฉื™ืจืื• ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืชื›ื.
18:50
All the data that you help us collect will be shared with vetted authorities,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื ื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.
18:55
and will help create a new global alarm system
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ื•ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื–ืขืงื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
18:58
to help protect sites.
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ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจื™ื.
19:01
But it's not just going to stop there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
19:04
All the archaeologists with whom we share your discoveries
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืืชื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
19:07
will take you with them as they begin to excavate them,
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ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ืืชื›ื ืืชื ื›ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื,
19:11
by using Periscope, Google Plus and social media.
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ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžืช ืคืจื™ืกืงื•ืค, ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืคืœื•ืก ื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
19:17
A hundred years ago, archaeology was for the rich.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
19:21
Fifty years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”,
19:23
it was for men.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
19:24
Now it's primarily for academics.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื”.
19:27
Our goal is to democratize the process of archaeological discovery,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคืš ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
19:32
and allow anyone to participate.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ.
19:35
Ninety-four years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
19:37
Howard Carter discovered the tomb of King Tut.
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ื”ืื•ื•ืจื“ ืงืจื˜ืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ืช ืื ืš ืืžื•ืŸ.
19:41
Who is the next Howard Carter?
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ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”-ื”ืื•ื•ืจื“ ืงืจื˜ืจ ื”ื‘ื?
19:45
It might be you.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื”.
19:49
By creating this platform,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื•,
19:51
we will find the millions of places occupied by the billions of people
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื’ืจื• ืžืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
19:56
that came before us.
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ืฉื—ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
19:58
If we want to answer the big questions about who we are
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•
20:01
and where we've come from,
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ื•ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ืขื ื•,
20:03
the answers to those questions do not lie in pyramids or palaces,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืช,
20:07
but in the cities and villages of those that came before us.
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ืืœื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
20:12
If we want to learn about the past,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
20:14
it's time we inverted the pyramids.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
20:19
Acknowledging that the past is worth saving
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ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
20:22
means so much more.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืงื”.
20:25
It means that we're worth saving, too.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื ื•.
20:30
And the greatest story ever told
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืกื•ืคืจ ืื™ ืคืขื
20:34
is the story of our shared human journey.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
20:39
But the only way we're going to be able to write it
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•
20:42
is if we do it together.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื™ื—ื“.
20:47
Come with me.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืืชื™.
20:48
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
20:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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