Alwar Balasubramaniam: Art of substance and absence

26,902 views ใƒป 2010-09-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
The moment I say "school,"
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ "ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ",
00:18
so many memories come back to me.
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื™.
00:22
It's like after every exam, when I walk out,
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ื–ื” ื›ื™ืื™ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื,
00:25
the teacher would say, "Hey, come.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ืจืง ืจื’ืข,
00:27
How did you do?"
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš?"
00:29
I would say with a great smile, "I will definitely pass."
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, "ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ืจ."
00:31
And I didn't understand why,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ืข,
00:33
in one hand they say, "Speak the truth,"
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš, "ืชืืžืจ ืืžืช";
00:35
in the other hand, when you say the truth, they hated you.
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš.
ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš,
00:38
So it went on like that,
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00:39
and I didn't know where else to find myself.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
00:42
So I remember those nights
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ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช
00:44
I used to go to sleep
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ
00:46
with asking help from [the] Unknown
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข,
00:49
because, for some reason,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
00:51
I couldn't believe what my father and mother
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื™
00:53
hanged in the Puja room as a god,
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ืชืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ื’'ื” (ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื),
00:56
because my friend's family
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™
00:58
had something else as a god.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืืœ.
01:00
So I thought, "I guess I'll pray to [the] Unknown
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, "ืืชืคืœืœ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืชื™-ื™ื“ื•ืข
01:02
and ask help,"
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ื•ืื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื•,"
01:05
and started getting help from everywhere,
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ื•ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื™ ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ,
01:07
each and every corner of my life at that time.
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ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”.
01:11
My brothers started giving me a few tips about drawing and painting.
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ืื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืชืช ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืขื”.
01:14
Then, when I was in eighth standard
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ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ
01:17
around 13 years old,
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13 ื‘ืขืจืš,
01:20
I started working in a part-time job
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช
01:22
in one of the signboard artists called Putu.
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ืืฆืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ื•.
01:28
And then school also started supporting me.
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ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื™.
01:30
"Oh, he's bad at studies,
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
01:32
but let him send to the drawing competitions."
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ืื– ืฉื™ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ."
01:35
So it was good to survive with that little tool
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”
01:38
that I found to find my own place in school.
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ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:42
And one of those competitions,
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ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
01:44
I just won a small, little transistor Philips radio.
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ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืคื™ืœื™ืคืก.
01:47
And I didn't have the patience to wait
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ
01:49
until I reached home.
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ืขื“ ืฉืื’ื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
01:51
So I just switched on in the train, loudly.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
01:53
If you travel in Indian trains,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
01:55
you can see people listening to radio
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืจื“ื™ื•,
01:57
and, you know, even from their mobiles.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:59
So at that time -- and I was 13 --
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ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ -- ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื– ื‘ืŸ 13 --
02:01
and I was listening to just radio,
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ื•ื”ืื–ื ืชื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืจื“ื™ื•,
02:04
and someone happened to sit next to me,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™,
02:06
like these three people are sitting here.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
02:08
You know, like just adjacent to me.
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ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืืœื™ื™.
02:10
He just started asking, "Where did you buy the radio? How much is it?"
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, "ืื™ืคื” ืงื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ? ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœื”?
02:13
I said, "It's a prize from [an] art competition."
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ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ื–ื”ื• ืคืจืก ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช."
02:16
And he said, "Oh, I teach at a college of arts.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื”, ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:19
I think
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
02:21
you should study in a school of art.
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ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
02:23
You just quit school and come there."
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ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืš ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื."
02:25
So, why I'm telling you this,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื–ืืช,
02:27
you know, maybe, you know,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
02:29
whoever is sitting next to you can change your whole life -- it's possible.
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ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš. ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
02:32
It is that we need we need to be open and fine-tuned.
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ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
02:36
So that's what made me enter
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก
02:39
[the] college of arts after three attempts
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ืœืžื›ืœืœื” ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื”
02:42
and just continue to inquire
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ
02:45
what I really want to do with art work, or art
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ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
02:48
and finally I'm here in front of you.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื›ื.
02:50
When I look back, you know,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืื—ื•ืจื”,
02:52
on what happened between that time
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ืื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืžืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
02:54
and now here --
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ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ื,
02:57
the last 10/15 years --
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ื‘-10, 15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:59
I can see that most of the works
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
03:01
revolve around three subjects,
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ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื,
03:04
but it was not intentional.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
03:06
And I just start out with a trace because I was thinking,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื”ืจืชื™,
03:08
"What really makes us?" -- you know,
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"ืžืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื?" -- ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
03:10
it's actually [the] past, what makes a person.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื.
03:14
So I was thinking,
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ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ,
03:16
but when you look at the past,
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ืฉืื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
03:18
the way to understand the past
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ
03:20
is only by the traces available,
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช,
03:22
because we cannot go back [to] the past.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
03:24
It can be ruins, or it can be music,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช, ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
03:26
or it can be painting or drawing or writing, whatever it is.
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
03:29
But it is just a kind of trace of that time.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ืจืง ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:34
And that fascinated me,
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ื•ื–ื” ืจื™ืชืง ืื•ืชื™,
03:36
to explore that territory.
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
03:40
So I was working on the line,
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
03:43
but instead of working about traces,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช,
03:47
I started capturing traces.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช.
03:50
So here are some of the works I would like to show you.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
03:53
So this is called "Self In Progress."
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ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช."
03:56
It's just a trace of being in this body.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ืขืงื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
03:59
So here, what happened then,
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ืื– ื”ื ื”, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”,
04:01
you know -- what I really enjoyed the most
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืืžืช ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช,
04:03
is that this sculpture
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื–ื”.
04:05
is nothing but a trace of myself.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขืงื‘ื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืžื ื™.
04:09
It's almost like a 3D photograph.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช.
04:11
So there is an element of performance,
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ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
04:13
and there is an element of sculpture,
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ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืœ,
04:15
and there is an element of feeling one's self, so close to one's self.
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ื•ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื™.
04:18
So it's almost like fossils for the future.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
04:21
And then moved slowly
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ืชืงื“ืžืชื™
04:23
to explore the other possibilities of capturing traces.
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ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื›ื™ื“ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืช.
04:29
So this is what I was talking about, while molding,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื,
04:32
it's such a great experience,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ืคืœืื”,
04:34
because we have freedom of like walking,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
04:36
or moving my hand or, moving around in the space,
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ืื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
04:39
but the moment this becomes solid,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืžืฆืง,
04:42
when you cannot move even an inch,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื•ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืก"ืž,
04:45
because this is plaster of Paris, so the moment you pour it it's like liquid;
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” "ื’ื‘ืก ืคืจื™ื–ืื™", ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื,
04:48
but after 20 minutes, it's almost like a hard stone.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืŸ.
04:52
So this is capturing the trace of a thumbprint
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืื’ื•ื“ืœ,
04:56
because, knowingly or unknowingly,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ,
04:58
whatever we do, you know, we leave our traces here.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ื ืฉืื™ืจ ืคื” ืขืงื‘ื•ืช.
05:01
So I just thought, "I'm going to capture
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืื ืกื” ืœืœื›ื•ื“
05:04
thumbprint, footprint,
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ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืฃ-ืจื’ืœ,
05:06
or whatever traces we leave as humans."
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™-ืื ื•ืฉ.
05:09
This is the trace of fire,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืงื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉ.
05:12
this is the trace of sun.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืงื‘ืช ืฉืžืฉ.
05:15
Because when I was capturing traces, you know,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื•ื›ื“ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช,
05:17
this thought comes to me always:
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขืกื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื™:
05:20
is it, only when the object touches the thing and it leaves the trace,
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ื”ืื ื–ื”, ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื”,
05:23
or is there other ways to capture it?"
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื”?
05:25
So this work is nothing but like --
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ --
05:27
because of the focal length of the lens,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช,
05:29
it just shows what is on the other side.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจืื” ืžื” ืงื™ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:33
So I just put the paper on the focal length,
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ืจืง ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื™,
05:35
which was an etching print,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ื• ืžืชื›ืœื”,
05:37
then I got the portrait of [the] sun from sunlight.
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ื•ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
05:41
This is called "Dawn to Dawn."
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืžื–ืจื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืจื™ื—ื”."
05:43
What I did here, I just put like 10 feet [of] paper
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 10 ืจื’ืœ
05:46
then put a coconut rope,
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ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืงื•ืก
05:48
and just burnt it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืจืฃ.
05:50
So it took about 24 hours to get this line.
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื–ื”.
05:52
So wherever the fire is eating the paper,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืืฉ ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
05:54
that's what becomes the work --
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ืฉื ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช.
05:56
detail.
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ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
06:02
Even though we have traces
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืงื‘ื•ืช,
06:04
when we try to understand them,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืŸ, ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•
06:08
the perception and context
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ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™
06:10
play a major role to understand it.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
06:12
So do we really understand what it is,
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ืื– ื”ืื ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ื–ื”,
06:15
or are we trying to get
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื•
06:17
what we think it is?
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื”?
06:19
Then move towards questioning the perception
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ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”
06:21
because, even though there are traces,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
06:23
when you try to understand them, you know you play a major role.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืŸ, ืื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉื™.
06:26
So like let's say even a simple act.
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ื ืงื— ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜.
06:28
How many of you saw a cow crossing in India
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืจืื• ืคืจื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
06:31
while you were coming from Bangalore to Mysore?
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืกืขืชื ืžื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื™ืกื•ืจ?
06:33
Can you just raise the hand?
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื›ื?
06:36
If you just ask an opinion
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ืื ื ืฉืืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
06:38
of how, everyone can interpret it.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืื”.
06:41
Like, let's say, if a schoolteacher says,
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ื›ืžื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื–ื• ืžื•ืจื”,
06:43
she'll simply say, "To get to the other side."
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื’ื™ื“, "ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.",
06:45
Why the cow was crossing the road, you know.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืคืจื” ื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
06:48
The answer can be so different if Potter said it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ืจ.
06:51
He would say, "For the greater good."
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ."
06:54
Martin Luther King would say,
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ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
06:56
"I imagine a world where all cows will be free
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"ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช
06:59
to cross the road,
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ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
07:01
without having their motives called into question."
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืืœื”."
07:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:06
Imagine Moses comes now, and he sees
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ืจื•ืื”
07:08
the same cow walking around the street.
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ืื•ืชื” ืคืจื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
07:10
He would definitely say,
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ื”ื•ื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
07:12
"God came down from heaven,
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"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
07:15
and he said unto the cow,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืคืจื”,
07:18
'Thou shalt cross the road.'
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'ืืช ืชื—ืฆื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.'
07:21
And cow crossed the road,
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ื•ื”ืคืจื” ื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
07:23
and there was much rejoicing as a holy cow."
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืจื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”."
07:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:28
Freud would say,
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ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
07:30
"The fact that you're at all concerned
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"ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืชื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื
07:32
reveals your underlying sexual insecurity."
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ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœื›ื."
07:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:37
If we ask Einstein,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
07:39
he would say, "Whether the cow crossed the road,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ืื ื”ืคืจื” ื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
07:42
or the road moved underneath the cow,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื ืข ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื”,
07:44
depends on your frame of reference."
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื."
07:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:48
Or Buddha --
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ืื• ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”.
07:50
if he saw the same cow, he would say,
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืคืจื”, ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
07:52
"Asking this question denies your own nature [as a] cow."
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"ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื›ื ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืจื”."
07:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:58
So, what we see
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
08:01
is just what we think often,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
08:04
and most of the time, we don't see what it is.
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ื•ืœืจื•ื‘, ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช.
08:07
It just all depends on one's perception.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
08:10
And context, what is really context?
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ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ, ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ?
08:13
You know, I could just show you this little piece of paper.
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ื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:16
Because I always think meaning doesn't really exist.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
08:21
The meaning of what we create in this world doesn't exist.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืจืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:24
It's just created by the mind.
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08:26
If you look at this piece of paper,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื–ื•,
08:29
this is the breadth
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ื–ื” ืจื•ื—ื‘ื”,
08:31
and this is called length.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืื•ืจืš.
08:33
This is how we've been taught in school.
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ื›ืš ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ.
08:37
But if you tear it in the middle --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืงืจืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข...
08:40
now, I didn't touch this breadth,
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ืœื ื ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘,
08:42
but still, the meaning of this changes.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”.
08:44
So what we conceive as a meaning
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
08:46
is always not there;
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ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ื ื” ืฉื;
08:48
it's on the other side,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™,
08:50
even when we say dark, light,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืื•ืจ,
08:52
good, bad, tall, short --
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจืข, ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื ืžื•ืš --
08:54
all meaning it doesn't exist in reality.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
08:57
It's just that being a human,
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื ื™-ืื ื•ืฉ,
08:59
the way we train to perceive the reality
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
09:02
creates this meaning.
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ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
09:04
So this work from this period
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”
09:06
is mostly like --
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• --
09:08
you know, this is a work called "Light Makes Dark."
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืฉืš".
09:10
It's just captured through from the lamp.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”.
09:13
So the lamp is not just giving a light, it's also giving a darkness.
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ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ื ื•ืชื ืช ืื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš.
09:16
So this is a work of art, which is just trying to explore that.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:20
This is called "Limit Out."
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ืฉืงืข ื‘ื•ืœื˜".
09:22
This shows how limited our eye or hearing sense or touch --
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจืื™ื”, ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืื• ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ --
09:25
do we really see?
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืื™ื?
09:27
This is an exact negative.
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ื–ื”ื• ืชืฉืœื™ืœ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง.
09:29
It's about six inches deep in the wall,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื›-15 ืก"ืž ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื™ืจ,
09:31
but it just appears like it's coming out of the wall.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื™ืจ.
09:37
You know the wall is almost like --
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ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• --
09:39
this is the first skin, and this is the second,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉื ื™,
09:41
and there's a third, and each creates a meaning.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
09:43
And we're just pulling the wall off the gallery.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ืœืจื™ื”.
09:46
Again, "Inward Out."
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ืฉื•ื‘, "ืคื ื™ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”".
09:48
It's a full-figure cast from myself.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœื™.
09:50
It's about eight inches deep.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื›-20 ืก"ืž.
09:56
When I was doing that, I always wondered since I've worked with creators --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื --
09:59
and now you know, I've moved to questioning the perception --
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” --
10:02
whenever I see the bird flying in the sky,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืคื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
10:05
it just makes me feel like:
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ืื™ืœื•:
10:08
is there anything behind, are there any traces up there,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ื”ืื ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”,
10:11
which as a human, we don't see them?
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ?
10:14
Is there any way to capture the thought
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
10:17
into visual art?
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช?
10:20
I couldn't find it.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื•ืชื”.
10:23
But a solution arrived
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข
10:26
after being quiet and not working for about six, seven months,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 6-7 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
10:29
in the restroom,
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ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื”,
10:31
when I was changing the air freshener
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
10:34
that goes from solid substance to vapor.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืžืžื•ืฆืง ืœืื“ื™ื.
10:36
It's called Odonil.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืื•ื“ื•ื ื™ืœ.
10:38
This is the work I made out of that material.
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ.
10:42
The process to get to make the sculpture was interesting,
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:44
because I wrote to Balsara,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœ-ื‘ืืœืกืืจื”,
10:46
who produces that air freshener called Odonil,
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ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืื•ื“ื•ื ื™ืœ
10:48
saying, "Dear Sir, I am an artist. This is my catalogue.
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ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™, "ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ืืžืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™.
10:50
Will you help me to make this sculpture?"
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ื”ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”?"
10:52
They never wrote back to me.
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ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื ื• ืœื™.
10:54
Then I thought, "I will go to the Small Scale Industries
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ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืคื ื” ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
10:57
Facilitating Unit and ask help."
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ื•ืื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”.
10:59
So I told them, "I'd like to start an air freshener company."
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ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžื˜ื”ืจื™ ืื•ื™ืจ.
11:03
They said, "Of course.
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ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•.
11:05
This is the fee for the project report,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื–ื” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื“ื•"ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
11:07
and we will give you all the details," and they gave.
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ื•ื ืžืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื", ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืกืจื•.
11:09
Finally, I went back to them and said,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื
11:12
"It's not for starting the company, it's just to make my own work.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:15
Please come for the show."
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืชืขืจื•ื›ื”.
11:17
And they did.
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ื•ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•.
11:19
And this work is in the Devi Art Foundation in Delhi.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘.....ื“ืœื”ื™.
11:22
In India, nobody really talks about works of art;
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
11:25
they always talk about the appreciation of art.
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ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
11:28
You buy this for 3,000 rupees,
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ืชืงื ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-3,000 ืจื•ืคื™,
11:30
it'll become 30,000 in two months.
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ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ-30,000 ืจื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื.
11:32
This is the craft that was going on,
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืขืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื,
11:34
but there are a few collectors
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืกืคื ื™ื
11:36
who also collect art which can depreciate.
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ืฉืื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื™ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืจื“ืช.
11:38
And this was collected by Anupam --
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ื–ื• ื ืืกืคื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืืคื•ื --
11:40
which is like, finally in the end, he will not have anything,
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ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืžื ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•,
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืชืื“ื”.
11:43
because it will evaporate.
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11:46
So this is after a few weeks,
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ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
11:49
this is after a few months.
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ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
11:51
It's just all about questioning the preconceptions.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“.
11:54
So if someone says, "Oh, I see the portrait,"
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ,
11:57
it may not be the portrait after a few months.
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
11:59
And if they say it's solid,
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ื•ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืง,
12:01
it will not be solid, it will evaporate.
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืื“ื•ืช.
12:04
And if they say they don't get it,
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ื•ืื ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
12:06
that's also not true,
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ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:08
because it's in the air.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
12:10
It's in the same gallery or in the same museum.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ.
12:12
So they inhaled it,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืฉืืคื• ืื•ืชื•,
12:14
but they are not aware of it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื”.
12:17
While I was doing that work,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
12:19
my mom and my dad,
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ืื™ืžื™ ื•ืื‘ื™
12:21
they were looking at it and they said,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืฉืืœื•
12:23
"Why do you deal with negative subjects all the time?"
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื.
12:26
And I was like, "What do you mean?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืฉืชื•ืžืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
12:28
"Light makes dark and now evaporating self.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืžืื“ื” ืชืื™ื.
12:31
Don't you think it remained something about death," they said.
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ื”ืื™ื ืš ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช?"
12:34
"Of course not. For me," I'm thinking,
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"ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื.", ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื.
12:36
"this is tucked in some small solid,
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"ื–ื” ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืง ืงื˜ืŸ,
12:38
but the moment it evaporates,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืื“ื”,
12:40
it's merged with the whole."
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื–ื’ ืขื ื”ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœื•."
12:42
But she said, "No. Still, I don't like it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืœื. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื–ืืช.
12:44
Can you make something from nothing
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื›ืœื•ื
12:46
as a sculptor?"
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืกืœ?"
12:48
I said, "No, mom. It can't be.
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœื ืืžื. ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
12:50
Because we can create
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
12:53
a sculpture
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ืคืกืœ
12:55
by gathering dust together,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืื‘ืง,
12:57
or we can break the sculpture and get the dust,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืคืกืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื‘ืง,
13:00
but there is nowhere that we can bring dust into the universe."
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืงื•ื."
13:03
So, I did this work for her.
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ืื–, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”.
13:06
It's called "Emerging Angel."
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช, "ืžืœืืš ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”."
13:08
This is the first day --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
13:10
it just gives the appearance
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืจืื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช
13:12
that one is becoming the other.
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ืฉื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
13:14
So, the same sculpture
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ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ืคื™ืกื•ืœ
13:16
after a few days.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื.
13:20
This is after 15/20 days.
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ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ 15, 20 ื™ื•ื.
13:23
Through that small little slit
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ื“ืจืš ื—ืจื™ืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ
13:25
between the glass box and the wood,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืฅ,
13:27
the air goes underneath the sculpture and creates the other one.
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ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจ.
13:30
This gave me a greater faith.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
13:32
That evaporating sculpture gave me a greater faith
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ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืžืชืื“ื” ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
13:35
that maybe there is many more possibilities
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
13:37
to capture [the] invisible.
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ืœืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื”.
13:39
So what you see now
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
13:41
is called "Shadow Foreshadow."
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ื ืงืจื "ืฆืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืœ".
13:44
And what I'd like to tell you
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืชื—ื™ืœื”
13:46
is we don't see shadow, and we don't see light too;
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆืœ, ื•ืื ื• ื’ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืจ.
13:49
we see the source of the light.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ.
13:51
We see where it's bouncing, but we don't see [them] as they exist.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืช ืงื™ื•ืžื.
13:54
You know, that's why the night sky, we see the sky as dark,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื,
13:57
but it's filled with light all the time.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
13:59
When it's bounced on the moon, we see it.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืจื—, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช.
14:01
The same thing in the darkroom.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื—ืฉื•ืš.
14:03
The little dust particle will again, reflect the light,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืง ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
14:06
and we realize the existence of light.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ.
14:08
So we don't see dark, we don't see light,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืจ,
14:11
we don't see gravity, we don't see electricity.
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ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื—-ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ.
14:14
So, I just started doing this work
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ืื–, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•
14:17
to inquire further
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”
14:20
about how to sculpt
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ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืกืœ
14:22
the space between this object and there.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืœ-ืฉื.
14:25
Because, as a visual artist, if I'm seeing this and I'm seeing that --
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื --
14:28
but how to sculpt this, you know?
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื”ืžืคืกืœื™ื?
14:31
If we sculpt this, this has two reference points.
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ืื ืžืคืกืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก.
14:34
The skin of this is also representing this.
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ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื–ื”.
14:37
And skin at the other end also represents the floor.
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ื•ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฆืคื”.
14:40
I did this as an experiment
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื–ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
14:43
of casting the shadow.
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ืœื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ืฆืœ.
14:45
So this is a corrugated box and its shadow.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื•ืคืกื” ืขื ืงืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœ ืฉืœื”.
14:48
Then the second one --
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฉื ื™ื” --
14:50
the moment you bring any invisible into the visible world
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืจืื”,
14:53
it will have all the characteristics of the visible existence.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื ืจืื”.
14:56
So that produced a shadow.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืœ.
14:58
Then I thought, okay, let me sculpt that.
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ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ื•ื ื ืคืกืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
15:00
Then, again, that becomes an object.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขืฆื ืžืžืฉื™.
15:02
Again, throwing light, then the third one.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืจ. ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
15:05
So what you see is nothing but shadow
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื—ืจืช ืžืฆืœ
15:07
of a shadow of a shadow.
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ืฉืœ ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืœ.
15:09
And then again, at that point, there is no shadow.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืœ.
15:12
I thought, "Oh, good. Work is finished."
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื ื”ื“ืจ, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”."
15:16
You can see the detail.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
15:22
This is called "Gravity."
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ื›ื—-ืžืฉื™ื›ื”."
15:29
It's called "Breath." It's just two holes on the gallery wall.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ื ืฉื™ืžื”." ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืœืจื™ื”.
15:32
It's a false wall, which contains
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ
15:34
like 110 cubic feet.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 110 ืจื’ืœ ืžืขื•ืงื‘.
15:36
So that hole actually
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื
15:38
makes the air come out and go in.
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื™ืจ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก.
15:41
So where it's happening, we can see,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
15:43
but what is happening will remain invisible only.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื ืขืœื.
15:45
This is from the show called "Invisible," at Talwar Gallery.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื”" ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ื˜ืืœื•ื•ืืจ.
15:48
This is called "Kaayam."
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืงืื™ื™ื".
15:50
Detail.
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ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
15:55
And what I'd like to tell you,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื•
15:58
our senses are so limited --
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ื”ื ื›ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื,
16:00
we cannot hear everything, we cannot see everything.
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ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
16:02
We don't feel, "I am touching the air,"
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ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื, "ืื ื™ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ,"
16:04
but if the breeze is a little more faster, then I can feel it.
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ืืœื ืื ื”ืžืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืจืง ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
16:08
So all of our construction of reality
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจ
16:11
is through these limited senses.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
16:13
So my request was like,
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ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™,
16:15
is there any way to use all this
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ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”
16:17
as just a symbol or a sign?
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ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกืžืœ ืื• ืกื™ืžืŸ?
16:21
And to really get to the point,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื
16:23
we should move beyond, you know,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ,
16:25
go to the other side of the wall, like illogic,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ,
16:27
like are invisible.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ื.
16:29
Because when we see someone walks, we see the footprint.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ืœืš, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•.
16:31
But if we're just cutting that footprint from the whole thing and trying to analyze it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืื– ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืŸ,
16:34
you will miss the point
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
16:36
because the actual journey happens between those footprints,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืกืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืคื•ืช-ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
16:39
and the footprints are nothing but passing time.
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ื•ื”ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืœืฃ.
16:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:43
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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