Ed Ulbrich: How Benjamin Button got his face

170,642 views ใƒป 2009-02-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Dotan Koskas ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:18
I'm here today representing a team of artists and technologists and filmmakers
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื
00:23
that worked together on a remarkable film project for the last four years.
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ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ.
00:26
And along the way they created a breakthrough in computer visualization.
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ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘.
00:30
So I want to show you a clip of the film now.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืงื˜ืข ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:33
Hopefully it won't stutter.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื˜ืข.
00:36
And if we did our jobs well, you won't know that we were even involved.
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ื•ืื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื ืชื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
00:39
Voice (Video): I don't know how it's possible ...
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ืงื•ืœ (ื•ื™ื“ืื•): ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ...
00:42
but you seem to have more hair.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืขืจ.
00:45
Brad Pitt: What if I told you that I wasn't getting older ...
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ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜: ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ..
00:48
but I was getting younger than everybody else?
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ืืœื ืื ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืœื?
00:53
I was born with some form of disease.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืขื ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”.
00:56
Voice: What kind of disease?
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ืงื•ืœ: ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืžื—ืœื”?
00:58
BP: I was born old.
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ื‘.ืค.:ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื–ืงืŸ.
01:01
Man: I'm sorry.
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ืื“ื: ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ.
01:03
BP: No need to be. There's nothing wrong with old age.
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ื‘.ืค.:ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
01:08
Girl: Are you sick?
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ื™ืœื“ื”: ืืชื” ื—ื•ืœื”?
01:10
BP: I heard momma and Tizzy whisper,
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ื‘.ืค.:ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืืžื ื•ื˜ื™ื–ื™ ืœื•ื—ืฉื•ืช,
01:13
and they said I was gonna die soon.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
01:15
But ... maybe not.
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ืื‘ืœ... ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
01:18
Girl: You're different than anybody I've ever met.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”: ืืชื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ ืคืขื.
01:22
BB: There were many changes ...
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ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืŸ: ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ...
01:25
some you could see, some you couldn't.
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ื—ืœืง ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื.
01:28
Hair started growing in all sorts of places,
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ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
01:31
along with other things.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:34
I felt pretty good, considering.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘.
01:38
Ed Ulbrich: That was a clip from "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button."
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ืื“ ืื•ืœื‘ืจื™ืš: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืข ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืŸ"
01:42
Many of you, maybe you've seen it or you've heard of the story,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื• ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
01:46
but what you might not know
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื
01:48
is that for nearly the first hour of the film,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜,
01:50
the main character, Benjamin Button, who's played by Brad Pitt,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜,
01:53
is completely computer-generated from the neck up.
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ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื•ืžืขืœื”.
01:56
Now, there's no use of prosthetic makeup
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ื›ืขืช, ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืคื•ืจ
01:59
or photography of Brad superimposed over another actor's body.
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ืื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“ ืžืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืื—ืจ.
02:02
We've created a completely digital human head.
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ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืจืืฉ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:05
So I'd like to start with a little bit of history on the project.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
02:08
This is based on an F. Scott Fitzgerald short story.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืค. ืกืงื•ื˜ ืคื™ืฆื’'ืจืœื“.
02:10
It's about a man who's born old and lives his life in reverse.
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ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื—ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช.
02:13
Now, this movie has floated around Hollywood
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“
02:15
for well over half a century,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขืœ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืžืื”,
02:17
and we first got involved with the project in the early '90s,
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ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90,
02:20
with Ron Howard as the director.
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ืขื ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ ื›ื‘ืžืื™.
02:22
We took a lot of meetings and we seriously considered it.
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ืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
02:25
But at the time we had to throw in the towel.
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ืืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ.
02:27
It was deemed impossible.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
02:29
It was beyond the technology of the day to depict a man aging backwards.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืื“ื ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
02:33
The human form, in particular the human head,
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืื“ื,
02:36
has been considered the Holy Grail of our industry.
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:39
The project came back to us about a decade later,
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:42
and this time with a director named David Fincher.
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ื•ื”ืคืขื ืขื ื‘ืžืื™ ื‘ืฉื ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืคื™ื ืฆ'ืจ.
02:45
Now, Fincher is an interesting guy.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคื™ื ืฆ'ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:48
David is fearless of technology,
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืคื—ื“ ืžื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
02:50
and he is absolutely tenacious.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:52
And David won't take "no."
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ื•ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ "ืœื."
02:54
And David believed, like we do in the visual effects industry,
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ื•ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื ื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
02:57
that anything is possible
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ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™
03:00
as long as you have enough time, resources and, of course, money.
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืกืฃ.
03:03
And so David had an interesting take on the film,
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ื•ืื– ืœื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช,
03:07
and he threw a challenge at us.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืชื’ืจ.
03:10
He wanted the main character of the film to be played
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ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืชืฉื•ื—ืง
03:13
from the cradle to the grave by one actor.
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ืžื”ืขืจื™ืกื” ืœืงื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืื—ื“.
03:15
It happened to be this guy.
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
03:17
We went through a process of elimination and a process of discovery
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™
03:20
with David, and we ruled out, of course, swapping actors.
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ืขื ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“, ื•ืฉืœืœื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื.
03:23
That was one idea: that we would have different actors,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“: ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:26
and we would hand off from actor to actor.
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ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื—ืงืŸ ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ.
03:28
We even ruled out the idea of using makeup.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืคื•ืจ.
03:30
We realized that prosthetic makeup just wouldn't hold up,
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ื ื™ื,
03:33
particularly in close-up.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชืงืจื™ื‘.
03:35
And makeup is an additive process. You have to build the face up.
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ื•ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
03:38
And David wanted to carve deeply into Brad's face
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ื•ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืจืฆื” ืœื’ืœืฃ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“
03:41
to bring the aging to this character.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
03:43
He needed to be a very sympathetic character.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืช ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื™ืช ืžืื“.
03:45
So we decided to cast a series of little people
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืœื”ืง ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
03:48
that would play the different bodies of Benjamin
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
03:51
at the different increments of his life
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ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•
03:53
and that we would in fact create a computer-generated version of Brad's head,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“,
03:56
aged to appear as Benjamin,
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ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ,
03:58
and attach that to the body of the real actor.
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ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™.
04:01
Sounded great.
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ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:03
Of course, this was the Holy Grail of our industry,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
04:06
and the fact that this guy is a global icon didn't help either,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืžืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื’ื ืœื ืขื–ืจื”,
04:09
because I'm sure if any of you ever stand in line at the grocery store,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื•ืœ,
04:12
you know -- we see his face constantly.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื -- ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
04:15
So there really was no tolerable margin of error.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:17
There were two studios involved: Warner Brothers and Paramount.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื™ื ื•ื•ืจื ืจ ื•ืคืจืžื•ื ื˜.
04:20
And they both believed this would make an amazing film, of course,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืจื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
04:23
but it was a very high-risk proposition.
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ืืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
04:26
There was lots of money and reputations at stake.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.
04:29
But we believed that we had a very solid methodology
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ืืš ื”ืืžื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืงื”
04:32
that might work ...
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ...
04:35
But despite our verbal assurances,
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ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•,
04:38
they wanted some proof.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
04:40
And so, in 2004, they commissioned us to do a screen test of Benjamin.
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ 2004, ื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืกืš ืœื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ.
04:43
And we did it in about five weeks.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
04:46
But we used lots of cheats and shortcuts.
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ืืš ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืžืื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš.
04:49
We basically put something together to get through the meeting.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”.
04:52
I'll roll that for you now. This was the first test for Benjamin Button.
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ืื ื™ ืืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืŸ.
04:55
And in here, you can see, that's a computer-generated head --
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ --
04:58
pretty good -- attached to the body of an actor.
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ืœื ืจืข -- ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ.
05:01
And it worked. And it gave the studio great relief.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืœืคื ื™ื.
05:04
After many years of starts and stops on this project,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
05:07
and making that tough decision,
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:10
they finally decided to greenlight the movie.
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ื”ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืชืช ืื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืง ืœืกืจื˜.
05:13
And I can remember, actually, when I got the phone call to congratulate us,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื•,
05:16
to say the movie was a go,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš,
05:18
I actually threw up.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงืืชื™.
05:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:22
You know, this is some tough stuff.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื“ ืงืฉื”.
05:24
So we started to have early team meetings,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช,
05:27
and we got everybody together,
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ื•ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“,
05:29
and it was really more like therapy in the beginning,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืจืคื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
05:32
convincing each other and reassuring each other that we could actually undertake this.
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ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:35
We had to hold up an hour of a movie with a character.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉืขื” ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ืขื ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
05:38
And it's not a special effects film; it has to be a man.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
05:41
We really felt like we were in a -- kind of a 12-step program.
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ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš -- ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ 12 ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
05:44
And of course, the first step is: admit you've got a problem. (Laughter)
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื: ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:48
So we had a big problem:
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”:
05:50
we didn't know how we were going to do this.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:53
But we did know one thing.
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ืืš ื™ื“ืขื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“.
05:55
Being from the visual effects industry,
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
05:58
we, with David, believed that we now had enough time,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“, ื”ืืžื ื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
06:01
enough resources, and, God, we hoped we had enough money.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืœื”ื™ื, ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ.
06:04
And we had enough passion to will the processes and technology into existence.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
06:09
So, when you're faced with something like that,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”,
06:11
of course you've got to break it down.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืง ืื•ืชื•.
06:13
You take the big problem and you break it down into smaller pieces
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
06:15
and you start to attack that.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:16
So we had three main areas that we had to focus on.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื.
06:18
We needed to make Brad look a lot older --
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืจืื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” --
06:20
needed to age him 45 years or so.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ 45 ืฉื ื”.
06:22
And we also needed to make sure that we could take Brad's idiosyncrasies,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื’ื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“,
06:28
his little tics, the little subtleties that make him who he is
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ื”ื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื”ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื
06:30
and have that translate through our process
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ื•ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœื ื•
06:32
so that it appears in Benjamin on the screen.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
06:35
And we also needed to create a character
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ืžื•ืช
06:37
that could hold up under, really, all conditions.
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ืฉืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืชื—ืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™.
06:40
He needed to be able to walk in broad daylight,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื,
06:42
at nighttime, under candlelight,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื‘ืื•ืจ ื ืจ,
06:45
he had to hold an extreme close-up,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
06:47
he had to deliver dialogue,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
06:48
he had to be able to run, he had to be able to sweat,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจื•ืฅ, ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื–ื™ืข,
06:50
he had to be able to take a bath, to cry,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช,
06:52
he even had to throw up.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืงื™ื.
06:53
Not all at the same time --
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ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช --
06:54
but he had to, you know, do all of those things.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื”.
06:56
And the work had to hold up for almost the first hour of the movie.
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜.
06:59
We did about 325 shots.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš 325 ืงื˜ืขื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
07:01
So we needed a system that would allow Benjamin
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
07:04
to do everything a human being can do.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:07
And we realized that there was a giant chasm
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืชื”ื•ื ืขื ืงื™ืช
07:10
between the state of the art of technology in 2004
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ 2004
07:13
and where we needed it to be.
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื”.
07:15
So we focused on motion capture.
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ืื– ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
07:18
I'm sure many of you have seen motion capture.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืจืื• ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
07:20
The state of the art at the time
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ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ
07:22
was something called marker-based motion capture.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ.
07:24
I'll give you an example here.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ืืŸ.
07:25
It's basically the idea of, you wear a leotard,
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ, ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ,
07:27
and they put some reflective markers on your body,
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ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
07:29
and instead of using cameras,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช,
07:31
there're infrared sensors around a volume,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ืคืจื ืื“ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื ืคื—,
07:33
and those infrared sensors track the three-dimensional position
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ื•ืื•ืชื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ืคืจื ืื“ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™
07:35
of those markers in real time.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
07:37
And then animators can take the data of the motion of those markers
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ืžื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื
07:40
and apply them to a computer-generated character.
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช.
07:42
You can see the computer characters on the right
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ
07:45
are having the same complex motion as the dancers.
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ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืงื“ื ื™ื.
07:48
But we also looked at numbers of other films at the time
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ืืš ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ
07:50
that were using facial marker tracking,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืคื ื™ื,
07:52
and that's the idea of putting markers on the human face
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ื•ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื
07:54
and doing the same process.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
07:55
And as you can see, it gives you a pretty crappy performance.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช, ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื.
07:59
That's not terribly compelling.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืข.
08:02
And what we realized
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื ื•
08:04
was that what we needed
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ื–ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
08:05
was the information that was going on between the markers.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.
08:07
We needed the subtleties of the skin.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ.
08:10
We needed to see skin moving over muscle moving over bone.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื.
08:13
We needed creases and dimples and wrinkles and all of those things.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืงืคืœื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
08:15
Our first revelation was to completely abort and walk away from
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ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืœืขื–ื•ื‘
08:18
the technology of the day, the status quo, the state of the art.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:21
So we aborted using motion capture.
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ืื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
08:24
And we were now well out of our comfort zone,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•,
08:27
and in uncharted territory.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข.
08:29
So we were left with this idea
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ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
08:32
that we ended up calling "technology stew."
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ืฉืงืจืื ื• ืœื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™."
08:35
We started to look out in other fields.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:37
The idea was that we were going to find
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆื
08:40
nuggets or gems of technology
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ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืื• ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
08:42
that come from other industries like medical imaging,
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ื ืžืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืจืคื•ืื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช,
08:44
the video game space,
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ื—ืœืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
08:45
and re-appropriate them.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื.
08:47
And we had to create kind of a sauce.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืชื‘ืœ.
08:50
And the sauce was code in software
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ื•ื”ืžืชื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”
08:53
that we'd written to allow these disparate pieces of technology
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ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:56
to come together and work as one.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืื—ื“.
08:58
Initially, we came across some remarkable research
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
09:00
done by a gentleman named Dr. Paul Ekman in the early '70s.
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ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื“ืจ' ืคื•ืœ ืืงืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70.
09:03
He believed that he could, in fact,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
09:06
catalog the human face.
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ืœืงื˜ืœื’ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
09:08
And he came up with this idea of Facial Action Coding System, or FACS.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืœื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื•ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ืคื ื™ื ืื• ืž.ืง.ืช.ืค.
09:11
He believed that there were 70 basic poses
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื 70 ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช
09:14
or shapes of the human face,
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ืื• ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื,
09:17
and that those basic poses or shapes of the face
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ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื
09:20
can be combined to create infinite possibilities
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
09:23
of everything the human face is capable of doing.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:25
And of course, these transcend age, race, culture, gender.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืžืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ, ื’ื–ืข, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžื™ืŸ.
09:28
So this became the foundation of our research as we went forward.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื•.
09:32
And then we came across some remarkable technology
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ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
09:35
called Contour.
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ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืžืชืืจ.
09:36
And here you can see a subject having phosphorus makeup
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืขื ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืจื—ื ื™
09:39
stippled on her face.
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ืฉืคื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”.
09:41
And now what we're looking at is really creating a surface capture
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื“ื’ื•ื
09:44
as opposed to a marker capture.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.
09:46
The subject stands in front of a computer array of cameras,
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ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืขืจืš ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช,
09:48
and those cameras can, frame-by-frame,
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ื•ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”,
09:50
reconstruct the geometry of exactly what the subject's doing at the moment.
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ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
09:53
So, effectively, you get 3D data in real time of the subject.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
09:58
And if you look in a comparison,
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ื•ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”,
10:01
on the left, we see what volumetric data gives us
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ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื ืคื— ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื•
10:04
and on the right you see what markers give us.
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ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืกื™ืžื•ื™ื ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื•.
10:07
So, clearly, we were in a substantially better place for this.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื–ื”.
10:09
But these were the early days of this technology,
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ืืš ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:11
and it wasn't really proven yet.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช.
10:13
We measure complexity and fidelity of data
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ืžื“ื“ื ื• ืืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ื“ื™ื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
10:15
in terms of polygonal count.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช (ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื).
10:17
And so, on the left, we were seeing 100,000 polygons.
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ื•ืื–, ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืจืื™ื ื• 100,000 ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื.
10:20
We could go up into the millions of polygons.
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ื•ื™ื›ืœื ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื.
10:22
It seemed to be infinite.
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ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™.
10:24
This was when we had our "Aha!"
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื” "ืื”ื”ื”!"
10:26
This was the breakthrough.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
10:27
This is when we're like, "OK, we're going to be OK,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืื• ืงื™ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
10:29
This is actually going to work."
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“."
10:30
And the "Aha!" was, what if we could take Brad Pitt,
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ื•ื” "ืื”ื”ื”" ื”ื™ื”, ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜,
10:34
and we could put Brad in this device,
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจืื“ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:37
and use this Contour process,
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ื•ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืชืืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:39
and we could stipple on this phosphorescent makeup
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ื•ื ืคื–ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืจื—ื ื™
10:41
and put him under the black lights,
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ื•ื ืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื,
10:42
and we could, in fact, scan him in real time
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืกืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
10:45
performing Ekman's FACS poses.
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ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืž.ืง.ืช.ืค. ืฉืœ ืืงืžืŸ.
10:47
Right? So, effectively,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื,
10:49
we ended up with a 3D database
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ื ื•ืชืจื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™
10:51
of everything Brad Pitt's face is capable of doing.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:56
From there, we actually carved up those faces
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ืžืฉื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืชื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
10:59
into smaller pieces and components of his face.
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ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
11:02
So we ended up with literally thousands and thousands and thousands of shapes,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืืœืคื™ ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช,
11:05
a complete database of all possibilities
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ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
11:08
that his face is capable of doing.
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ืฉืคื ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:11
Now, that's great, except we had him at age 44.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 44.
11:14
We need to put another 40 years on him at this point.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื• ืขื•ื“ 40 ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
11:17
We brought in Rick Baker,
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ืฆืจืคื ื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืจื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ,
11:19
and Rick is one of the great makeup and special effects gurus
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ื•ืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
11:21
of our industry.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”.
11:22
And we also brought in a gentleman named Kazu Tsuji,
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ื•ื’ื ืฆื™ืจืคื ื• ืื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืงื–ื• ืกื•ื–'ื™.
11:25
and Kazu Tsuji is one of the great photorealist sculptors of our time.
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ื•ืงื–ื• ืกื•ื–'ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
11:28
And we commissioned them to make a maquette,
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื’ืžื™ื,
11:31
or a bust, of Benjamin.
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ืื• ืคืกืœ ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ.
11:33
So, in the spirit of "The Great Unveiling" -- I had to do this --
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื•ื— ื” "ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" -- ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช --
11:36
I had to unveil something.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
11:38
So this is Ben 80.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 80.
11:40
We created three of these:
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืืœื”:
11:42
there's Ben 80, there's Ben 70, there's Ben 60.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 80, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 70, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 60.
11:44
And this really became the template for moving forward.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:47
Now, this was made from a life cast of Brad.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“.
11:49
So, in fact, anatomically, it is correct.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
11:52
The eyes, the jaw, the teeth:
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ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืœืกืช, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื:
11:55
everything is in perfect alignment with what the real guy has.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžื™ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
11:58
We have these maquettes scanned into the computer
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ืกืจืงื ื• ืืช ืคืกืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘
12:00
at very high resolution --
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ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“ --
12:02
enormous polygonal count.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื.
12:04
And so now we had three age increments of Benjamin
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
12:08
in the computer.
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘.
12:10
But we needed to get a database of him doing more than that.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
12:13
We went through this process, then, called retargeting.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
12:16
This is Brad doing one of the Ekman FACS poses.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืจืื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืงืžืŸ ืž.ืง.ืช.ืค.
12:18
And here's the resulting data that comes from that,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื–ื”,
12:21
the model that comes from that.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื–ื”.
12:23
Retargeting is the process of transposing that data
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ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
12:26
onto another model.
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ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืื—ืจ.
12:28
And because the life cast, or the bust -- the maquette -- of Benjamin
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ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกืœ ืื• ืคืกืœ ื”ืจืืฉ -- ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
12:31
was made from Brad,
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ื ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ืจืื“,
12:33
we could transpose the data of Brad at 44
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ืจืื“ ื‘ืŸ ื” 44
12:36
onto Brad at 87.
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ืœื‘ืจืื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 87
12:38
So now, we had a 3D database of everything Brad Pitt's face can do
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:41
at age 87, in his 70s and in his 60s.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 87, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70 ื•ื” 60 ืœื—ื™ื™ื•.
12:45
Next we had to go into the shooting process.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.
12:48
So while all that's going on,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
12:49
we're down in New Orleans and locations around the world.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
12:51
And we shot our body actors,
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืืช ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
12:53
and we shot them wearing blue hoods.
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื“ืกื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
12:55
So these are the gentleman who played Benjamin.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืืช ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ.
12:57
And the blue hoods helped us with two things:
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ื•ื”ื‘ืจื“ืกื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
12:59
one, we could easily erase their heads;
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ืื—ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ืจืืฉื;
13:01
and we also put tracking markers on their heads
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ื•ื’ื ืฉืžื ื• ืœื”ื ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื
13:03
so we could recreate the camera motion
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”
13:05
and the lens optics from the set.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
13:07
But now we needed to get Brad's performance to drive our virtual Benjamin.
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ืืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™.
13:10
And so we edited the footage that was shot on location
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืจื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื
13:12
with the rest of the cast and the body actors
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ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื•ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
13:15
and about six months later
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
13:17
we brought Brad onto a sound stage in Los Angeles
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ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจืื“ ืœืื•ืœืคืŸ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
13:20
and he watched on the screen.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืžืกืš.
13:23
His job, then, was to become Benjamin.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ื”, ืื–, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ.
13:25
And so we looped the scenes.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฆื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืฆื ื•ืช.
13:26
He watched again and again.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
13:27
We encouraged him to improvise.
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ืขื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืืœืชืจ.
13:29
And he took Benjamin into interesting and unusual places
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
13:32
that we didn't think he was going to go.
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ืืฉืจ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืงื—.
13:34
We shot him with four HD cameras
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ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช HD
13:36
so we'd get multiple views of him
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
13:37
and then David would choose the take of Brad being Benjamin
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ื•ืื– ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“ ืœื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
13:40
that he thought best matched the footage
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื
13:43
with the rest of the cast.
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ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื.
13:44
From there we went into a process called image analysis.
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ืžืฉื ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ืงืจื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื”.
13:47
And so here, you can see again, the chosen take.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืงื˜ืข ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
13:50
And you are seeing, now, that data being transposed on to Ben 87.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 87.
13:53
And so, what's interesting about this is
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื
13:56
we used something called image analysis,
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื”,
13:58
which is taking timings from different components of Benjamin's face.
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ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืชื™ื–ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ.
14:01
And so we could choose, say, his left eyebrow.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ื ื’ื™ื“, ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช.
14:04
And the software would tell us that, well,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืชืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”,
14:06
in frame 14 the left eyebrow begins to move from here to here,
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ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื 14 ื”ื’ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืืŸ,
14:08
and it concludes moving in frame 32.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ 32 ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื.
14:10
And so we could choose numbers of positions on the face
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•
14:12
to pull that data from.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
14:14
And then, the sauce I talked about with our technology stew --
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ื•ืื–, ื”ืžืชื‘ืœ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ --
14:16
that secret sauce was, effectively, software that allowed us to
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ื”ืžืชื‘ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืขืฆื, ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
14:19
match the performance footage of Brad
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“
14:22
in live action with our database of aged Benjamin,
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ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื™ื” ืขื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืงืŸ,
14:26
the FACS shapes that we had.
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ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื” ืž.ืง.ืช.ืค. ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•.
14:28
On a frame-by-frame basis,
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”,
14:31
we could actually reconstruct a 3D head
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™
14:34
that exactly matched the performance of Brad.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“
14:37
So this was how the finished shot appeared in the film.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืจื˜.
14:40
And here you can see the body actor.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
14:42
And then this is what we called the "dead head," no reference to Jerry Garcia.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื ื•ืช "ืจืืฉ ืžืช", ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœื’'ืจื™ ื’ืจืกื™ื™ื”.
14:45
And then here's the reconstructed performance
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ
14:48
now with the timings of the performance.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ื”ืชื™ื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
14:51
And then, again, the final shot.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
14:54
It was a long process.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš.
14:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:07
The next section here, I'm going to just blast through this,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื ื›ืืŸ, ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
15:09
because we could do a whole TEDTalk on the next several slides.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ TED ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
15:13
We had to create a lighting system.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืื•ืจื”.
15:16
So really, a big part of our processes was creating a lighting environment
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืช, ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืื•ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
15:19
for every single location that Benjamin had to appear
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ืœื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ
15:21
so that we could put Ben's head into any scene
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืฆื™ื ื”
15:24
and it would exactly match the lighting that's on the other actors
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
15:27
in the real world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
15:28
We also had to create an eye system.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
15:31
We found the old adage, you know,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ืคืชื’ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
15:33
"The eyes are the window to the soul,"
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"ื”ืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”,"
15:35
absolutely true.
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ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”.
15:36
So the key here was to keep everybody looking in Ben's eyes.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ.
15:38
And if you could feel the warmth, and feel the humanity,
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ื•ืื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื, ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
15:40
and feel his intent coming through the eyes,
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ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื•,
15:43
then we would succeed.
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ืื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•.
15:44
So we had one person focused on the eye system
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
15:47
for almost two full years.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
15:49
We also had to create a mouth system.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืคื”.
15:51
We worked from dental molds of Brad.
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื“.
15:53
We had to age the teeth over time.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
15:55
We also had to create an articulating tongue that allowed him to enunciate his words.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื™ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ื ืžื™ืœื™ื.
15:58
There was a whole system written in software to articulate the tongue.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ.
16:00
We had one person devoted to the tongue for about nine months.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืจ ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
16:02
He was very popular.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™.
16:04
Skin displacement: another big deal.
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ืชื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ: ืขื•ื“ ืขืกืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
16:07
The skin had to be absolutely accurate.
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ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
16:09
He's also in an old age home, he's in a nursing home
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™
16:12
around other old people,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
16:14
so he had to look exactly the same as the others.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืืจ.
16:16
So, lots of work on skin deformation,
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ื›ืš, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ,
16:17
you can see in some of these cases it works,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“,
16:18
in some cases it looks bad.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืจืข.
16:19
This is a very, very, very early test in our process.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
16:21
So, effectively we created a digital puppet
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
16:24
that Brad Pitt could operate with his own face.
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ืฉื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
16:27
There were no animators necessary to come in and interpret behavior
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ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ื ื• ืื ื™ืžื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจื’ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
16:31
or enhance his performance.
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ืื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื•.
16:33
There was something that we encountered, though,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ื•,
16:36
that we ended up calling "the digital Botox effect."
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ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืงืจืื ื• ืœ "ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืงืก ืืคืงื˜."
16:39
So, as things went through this process,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
16:42
Fincher would always say, "It sandblasts the edges off of the performance."
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ืคื™ื ืฆ'ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื–ื” ืžื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื."
16:45
And thing our process and the technology couldn't do,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
16:48
is they couldn't understand intent,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
16:51
the intent of the actor.
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ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ.
16:53
So it sees a smile as a smile.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื—ื™ื•ืš.
16:55
It doesn't recognize an ironic smile, or a happy smile,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื–ื”ื” ื—ื™ื•ืš ืื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืื• ื—ื™ื•ืš ืฉืžื—,
16:58
or a frustrated smile.
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ืื• ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ.
16:59
So it did take humans to kind of push it one way or another.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
17:02
But we ended up calling the entire process
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจืื ื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš
17:05
and all the technology "emotion capture,"
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” "ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืจื™ื’ืฉื™ืช,"
17:07
as opposed to just motion capture.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
17:08
Take another look.
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ืงื—ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื˜.
17:11
Brad Pitt: Well, I heard momma and Tizzy whisper,
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ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืืžื ื•ื˜ื™ื–ื™ ืœื•ื—ืฉื•ืช,
17:13
and they said I was gonna die soon,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
17:15
but ... maybe not.
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ืื‘ืœ ... ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
17:37
EU: That's how to create a digital human in 18 minutes.
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ื.ื.:ื–ื”ื• ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื“ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ 18 ื“ืงื•ืช.
17:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:48
A couple of quick factoids;
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ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช;
17:50
it really took 155 people over two years,
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืงื— ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœ 155 ืื™ืฉ,
17:54
and we didn't even talk about 60 hairstyles and an all-digital haircut.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ 60 ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
17:58
But, that is Benjamin. Thank you.
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ืืš, ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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