Vinay Venkatraman: Technology crafts for the digitally underserved

13,359 views ใƒป 2015-07-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Royi Noiman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Frugal Digital is essentially a small research group at C.I.D.
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"ืคืจื•ื’ืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ" ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ ืกื™-ืื™ื™-ื“ื™.
00:17
where we are looking to find
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ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื
00:19
alternate visions of how to create a digitally inclusive society.
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ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช.
00:24
That's what we're after.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.
00:26
And we do this because we actually believe
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
00:28
that silicon technology today is mostly about
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ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ
00:31
a culture of excess.
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื–ื”.
00:33
It's about the fastest and the most efficient
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ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ
00:35
and the most dazzling gadget you can have,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš,
00:38
while about two-thirds of the world
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื
00:40
can hardly reach the most basic of this technology
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:44
to even address fundamental needs in life,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
00:48
including health care, education
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
00:50
and all these kinds of very fundamental issues.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
00:54
So before I start, I want to talk about a little anecdote,
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ืื– ื‘ื˜ืจื ืืชื—ื™ืœ, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
00:57
a little story about a man I met once in Mumbai.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
01:01
So this man, his name is Sathi Shri.
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ืื– ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžื• ืกืื˜ื™ ืฉืจื™.
01:03
He is an outstanding person,
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื-ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
01:06
because he's a small entrepreneur.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ืงื˜ืŸ.
01:08
He runs a little shop
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”
01:09
in one of the back streets of Mumbai.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
01:11
He has this little 10-square-meter store,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, 10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื,
01:14
where so much is being done.
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ืฉื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื”.
01:17
It's incredible, because I couldn't believe my eyes
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ื–ื” ืœื-ื™ืืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™
01:19
when I once just happened to bump into him.
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ื›ืฉืคืขื ืจืง ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื”.
01:21
Basically, what he does is, he has all these services
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื•
01:23
for micro-payments and booking tickets
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ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื
01:26
and all kinds of basic things that you would go online for,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืชื—ืคืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
01:29
but he does it for people offline
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
01:31
and connects to the digital world.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
01:33
More importantly, he makes his money
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื•
01:35
by selling these mobile recharge coupons, you know,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื”ืืœื• ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
01:38
for the prepaid subscriptions.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉ.
01:40
But then, in the backside, he's got this little nook
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื‘ื™ืจื›ืชื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื•ืžื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื–ื•
01:43
with a few of his employees
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ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•
01:46
where they can fix almost anything.
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ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:48
Any cell phone, any gadget you can bring them, they can fix it.
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ื›ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™, ื›ืœ ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื.
01:51
And it's pretty incredible because I took my iPhone there,
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืœืฉื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
01:55
and he was like, "Yeah, do you want an upgrade?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื“ืจื•ื’?"
01:57
"Yes." (Laughter)
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"ื›ืŸ". [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:59
I was a bit skeptical, but then, I decided
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืกืคืงืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™
02:01
to give him a Nokia instead. (Laughter)
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ืœืชืช ืœื• ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ 'ื ื•ืงื™ื”' ื‘ืžืงื•ื. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:06
But what I was amazed about is this reverse engineering
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื“ื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•
02:11
and know-how that's built into this little two meters of space.
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืชื•ืš 2 ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
02:16
They have figured out everything that's required
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ
02:18
to dismantle, take things apart,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืง, ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื,
02:20
rewrite the circuitry, re-flash the firmware,
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ืœืฆืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื, ืœืชื›ื ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื—ื”,
02:23
do whatever you want to with the phone,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
02:25
and they can fix anything so quickly.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื” ืžื”ืจ.
02:28
You can hand over a phone this morning
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
02:30
and you can go pick it up after lunch,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื,
02:32
and it was quite incredible.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ ืœื ื™ืืžืŸ.
02:34
But then we were wondering whether this is
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืชื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื
02:35
a local phenomenon, or is truly global?
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ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช?
02:38
And, over time, we started understanding
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ื•ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:40
and systematically researching
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช
02:42
what this tinkering ecosystem is about,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
02:44
because that is something that's happening
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื”
02:46
not just in one street corner in Mumbai.
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืคื™ื ืช-ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืื—ืช ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
02:48
It's actually happening in all parts of the country.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:51
It's even happening in Africa, like, for example,
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
02:53
in Cape Town we did extensive research on this.
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ื‘ืงื™ื™ืคื˜ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
02:55
Even here in Doha I found this little nook
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืคื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื–ื•
02:58
where you can get alarm clocks and watches fixed,
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ื‘ื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ื ื™-ื™ื“,
03:01
and it's a lot of tiny little parts. It's not easy.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ.
03:04
You've got to try it on your own to believe it.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.
03:06
But what fuels this?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”?
03:08
It's this entire ecosystem of low-cost parts
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ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืคื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื
03:11
and supplies that are produced all over the world, literally,
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืš,
03:15
and then redistributed to basically service this industry,
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ื•ืื– ืžื•ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
03:19
and you can even buy salvaged parts.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื.
03:21
Basically, you don't have to necessarily buy
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืงื ื•ืช
03:23
brand new things. You have condemned computers
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘ืชื•
03:25
that are stripped apart,
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ืฉืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื ืœื—ืœืงื™ื,
03:27
and you can buy salvaged components
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื
03:28
and things that you can reassemble in a new configuration.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
03:32
But what does this new, sort of, approach give us?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื‘ืขืจืš, ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื•?
03:36
That's the real question, because this is something
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ
03:37
that's been there, part of every society
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื, ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”
03:40
that's deprived of enough resources.
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืœืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื.
03:42
But there's an interesting paradigm.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
03:44
There's the traditional crafts,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื,
03:45
and then there's the technology crafts.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
03:47
We call it the technology crafts because these are emerging.
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ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื "ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื" ื›ื™ ืืœื• ืžืชื’ืœื™ื.
03:50
They're not something that's been established.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชื‘ืกืก.
03:52
It's not something that's institutionalized.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ืกื“.
03:54
It's not taught in universities.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช.
03:56
It's taught [by] word of mouth,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืœืžื“ ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ,
03:58
and it's an informal education system around this.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ื”.
04:00
So we said, "What can we get out of this?
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, "ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื›ืš?"
04:03
You know, like, what are the key values that we can get out of this?"
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ืžื” ื”ื ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืš?"
04:05
The main thing is a fix-it-locally culture,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืŸ-ืืช-ื–ื”-ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
04:08
which is fantastic because it means that your product
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ืฉื–ื” ื ืคืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœืš
04:10
or your service doesn't have to go through
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ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš
04:12
a huge bureaucratic system to get it fixed.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.
04:15
It also affords us cheap fabrication, which is fantastic,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื•ืœ, ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ,
04:18
so it means that you can do a lot more with it.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
04:20
And then, the most important thing is,
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ื•ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื,
04:22
it gives us large math for low cost.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
04:24
So it means that you can actually embed
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข
04:27
pretty clever algorithms and lots of other kinds
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ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื“ื™ื™ ืžื—ื•ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:30
of extendable ideas into really simple devices.
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ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™-ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
04:34
So, what we call this is a silicon cottage industry.
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ืื–, ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื–ืืช "ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ".
04:39
It's basically what was the system or the paradigm
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ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื”
04:42
before the industrial revolution is now re-happening
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
04:44
in a whole new way in small digital shops
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
04:47
across the planet in most developing countries.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
04:50
So, we kind of toyed around with this idea,
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ืื–, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืขืฉืขื ื• ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
04:54
and we said, "What can we do with this?
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, "ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”?
04:56
Can we make a little product or a service out of it?"
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื›ืš ืžื•ืฆืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช?"
04:59
So one of the first things we did is this thing called
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ืื– ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื
05:01
a multimedia platform. We call it a lunch box.
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”. ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” "ืงื•ืคืกืช ืื•ื›ืœ".
05:03
Basically one of the contexts that we studied was
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื™ื”
05:06
schools in very remote parts of India.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื“ ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
05:10
So there is this amazing concept called the one-teacher school,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ื‘ื™"ืก ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ื“",
05:13
which is basically a single teacher who is a multitasker
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืจื‘-ืžืฉื™ืžืชื™
05:16
who teaches this amazing little social setting.
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ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:18
It's an informal school,
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืจืฉืžื™,
05:20
but it's really about holistic education.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™.
05:22
The only thing that they don't have
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื
05:23
is access to resources. They don't even have a textbook
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“
05:25
sometimes, and they don't even have a proper curriculum.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช.
05:28
So we said, "What can we do to empower this teacher
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, "ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืขืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื”
05:32
to do more?" How to access the digital world?
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ?" ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™?
05:35
Instead of being the sole guardian of information,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:37
be a facilitator to all this information.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
05:40
So we said, "What are the steps required to empower the teacher?"
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, "ืžื”ื ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื”?"
05:43
How do you make this teacher into a digital gateway,
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืœืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
05:46
and how do you design an inexpensive multimedia platform
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœืขืฆื‘ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”
05:48
that can be constructed locally and serviced locally?"
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช?
05:51
So we walked around.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืกื™ื•ืจื™ื.
05:53
We went and scavenged the nearby markets,
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื,
05:56
and we tried to understand, "What can we pick up that will make this happen?"
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, "ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?"
06:00
So the thing that we got
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื’ื ื•
06:02
was a little mobile phone with a little pico projector
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ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื ืžืงืจืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ
06:05
that comes for about 60 dollars.
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ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 60 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:08
We went a bought a flashlight with a very big battery,
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื•ืงื ื™ื ื• ืคื ืก ืขื ืกื•ืœืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“,
06:10
and a bunch of small speakers.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
06:12
So essentially, the mobile phone gives us
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื•
06:14
a connected multimedia platform.
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช.
06:16
It allows us to get online and allows us to load up files
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ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื
06:20
of different formats and play them.
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ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
06:22
The flashlight gives us this really intense, bright L.E.D.,
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ื”ืคื ืก ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ืชืื•ืจืช ื”"ืœื“" ื”ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•,
06:25
and six hours worth of rechargeable battery pack,
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ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
06:28
and the lunch box is a nice little package
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ื•ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืจื™ื–ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื ื—ืžื“ื”
06:30
in which you can put everything inside,
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ืฉืœืชื•ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ื›ืœ,
06:32
and a bunch of mini speakers to sort of
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ
06:34
amplify the sound large enough.
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ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ.
06:35
Believe me, those little classrooms are really noisy.
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ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืื“ ืจื•ืขืฉื•ืช.
06:39
They are kids who scream at the top of their voices,
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ืืœื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื™-ืงื•ืœื•ืช,
06:42
and you really have to get above that.
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ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
06:43
And we took it back to this little tinkering setup
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ื•ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
06:46
of a mobile phone repair shop,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
06:48
and then the magic happens.
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ื•ืื– ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืงืกื.
06:49
We dismantle the whole thing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
06:51
we reassemble it in a new configuration,
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ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
06:53
and we do this hardware mashup,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื”ื–ื”
06:55
systematically training the guy how to do this.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืžืืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
06:58
Out comes this, a little lunch box -- form factor.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืงื•ืคืกืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• - ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™
07:01
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
07:08
And we systematically field tested,
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช,
07:11
because in the field testing we learned some
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœืžื“ื ื•
07:14
important lessons, and we went through many iterations.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:16
One of the key issues was battery consumption and charging.
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ืื—ืช ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืกื•ืœืœื” ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ื”.
07:19
Luminosity was an issue, when you have too much bright sunlight outside.
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ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
07:23
Often the roofs are broken, so you don't have enough
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืกืคื™ืง
07:25
darkness in the classroom to do these things.
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ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•
07:28
We extended this idea. We tested it many times over,
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ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
07:31
and the next version we came up with was a box
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ื•ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ื•
07:34
that kind of could trickle charge on solar energy,
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ืฉืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช,
07:36
but most importantly connect to a car battery,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
07:39
because a car battery is a ubiquitous source of power
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
07:42
in places where there's not enough electricity
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ืฉืžืœ
07:44
or erratic electricity.
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ืื• ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™.
07:46
And the other key thing that we did was
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื”
07:48
make this box run off a USB key, because we realized
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•.ืืก.ื‘ื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•
07:51
that even though there was GPRS and all that on paper,
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
07:54
at least, in theory, it was much more efficient
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ
07:57
to send the data on a little USB key by surface mail.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืคืชื— ื™ื•.ืืก.ื‘ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
08:00
It might take a few days to get there,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื— ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื,
08:02
but at least it gets there in high definition
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
08:05
and in a reliable quality.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”.
08:07
So we made this box, and we tested it again
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื‘
08:09
and again and again, and we're going through
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš
08:11
multiple iterations to do these things.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
08:12
But it's not limited to just education.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
08:15
This kind of a technique or metrology
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ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžื—ืงืจ
08:17
can actually be applied to other kinds of areas,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื,
08:19
and I'm going to tell you one more little story.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ.
08:21
It's about this little device called a medi-meter.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื“ื™-ืžื˜ืจ.
08:23
It's basically a little health care screening tool that we developed.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืกื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•.
08:27
In India, there is a context of these amazing people,
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
08:30
the health care workers called ASHA workers.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช "ASHA"
08:32
They are essentially foot soldiers for the health care system
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
08:35
who live in the local community and are trained
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ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžืื•ืžื ื•ืช
08:37
with basic tools and basic concepts of health care,
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ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
08:40
and the main purpose is basically to inform people
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื
08:44
to basically, how to lead a better life, but also
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื
08:47
to divert or sort of make recommendations
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ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœืชืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช
08:50
of what kind of health care should they approach?
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ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช?
08:53
They are basically referral services, essentially.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชืŸ.
08:56
But the problem with that is that we realized
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•
08:58
after a bunch of research that they are amazing
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ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
09:02
at referring people to the nearest clinic
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ื‘ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืจืคืื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”
09:05
or the public health care system, but what happens at the
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ืื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
09:08
public health care system is this: these incredibly long lines
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื”: ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ืืžืŸ
09:12
and too many people who overload the system
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
09:14
simply because there's not enough doctors and facilities
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืžื™ื
09:17
for the population that's being referred.
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ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืคื ืช.
09:19
So everything from a common cold
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคืขืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”
09:21
to a serious case of malaria gets almost the same
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ืœืžืงืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœืจื™ื”, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื”
09:24
level of attention, and there's no priorities.
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ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:27
So we said, "Come on, there's got to be a better way
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, "ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:29
of doing this for sure."
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื‘ื˜ื—".
09:31
So we said, "What can we do with the ASHA worker
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, " ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ASHA
09:34
that'll allow this ASHA worker to become an interesting filter,
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ASHA ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืกื ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:37
but not just a filter, a really well thought through referral
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืกื ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
09:40
system that allows load balancing of the network,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืขืžืกื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช,
09:43
and directs patients to different sources of health care
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
09:47
based on the severity or the criticalness of those situations?"
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•?"
09:51
So the real key question was,
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ืื– ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
09:53
how do we empower this woman?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•?
09:55
How do we empower her with simple tools
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื›ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื
09:57
that's not diagnostic but more screening in nature
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื
10:00
so she at least knows how to advise the patients better?
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
10:04
And that'll make such a huge difference on the system,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื“ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
10:06
because the amount of waiting time and the amount of
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”
10:11
distances that people need to travel, often sometimes
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ื•ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
10:12
seven to 15 kilometers, sometimes by foot,
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7 ืขื“ 15 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืœ,
10:15
to get a simple health check done, is very, very detrimental
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื–ื” ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข
10:21
in the sense that it really dissuades people
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื ื™ืข ืื ืฉื™ื
10:23
from getting access to health care.
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ืœื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
10:25
So if there was something that she could do,
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ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
10:27
that would be amazing.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
10:28
So what we did was that we converted this device
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”
10:31
into a medical device.
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™.
10:33
I want to demo this actually,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืืžืช,
10:34
because it's a very simple process.
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ืžื›ื™ืŸืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
10:37
Bruno, do you want to join us? (Cheers)
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื•, ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•? [ืขื™ื“ื•ื“]
10:39
Come along. (Applause)
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ื‘ื•ืื•. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
10:46
So, what we're going to do is that
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ืื–, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ื›ืš
10:49
we're going to measure a few basic parameters on you,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืกืžืžื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
10:52
including your pulse rate and the amount of oxygen
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื“ื•ืคืง ืฉืœืš, ื•ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ
10:54
that's there in your blood.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื ืฉืœืš.
10:56
So you're going to put your thumb on top of this.
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ืื– ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
11:00
Bruno Giussani: Like this, works?
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’ืœื•ืกืื ื™: ื›ืš, ืขื•ื‘ื“?
11:01
Vinay Venkatraman: Yeah. That's right. BG: Okay.
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ื•ื™ื ืื™ ื•ื ืงื˜ืจืžืŸ: ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื’: ืื•ืงื™ื™.
11:03
VV: So I'm going to start it up. I hope it works.
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ื•ื•: ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื”. ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
11:07
(Beeps) It even beeps, because it's an alarm clock, after all.
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[ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ] ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
11:11
So ... (Laughter)
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ืื–.... [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:13
So I take it into the start position, and then
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืžื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืื–
11:18
I press the read button. (Beeps)
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ืื ื™ ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. [ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ]
11:21
So it's taking a little reading from you. (Beeps)
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืงืจื™ืื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืžืš. [ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ]
11:27
And then the pointer goes and points to three different options.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกืžืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช.
11:30
Let's see what happens here.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ.
11:33
(Beeps) Oh Bruno, you can go home, actually.
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[ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ] ื”ื•, ื‘ืจื•ื ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื”ืืžืช.
11:35
BG: Great. Good news. (Applause)
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ื‘ื’: ื ื”ื“ืจ. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
11:39
VV: So ... (Applause)
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ื•ื•: ืื–... [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
11:41
So the thing about this is that
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื
11:44
if the pointer, unfortunately, had pointed to the red spot,
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ืฉืื ื”ืกืžืŸ, ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื”,
11:48
we would have to rush you to a hospital.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืชืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
11:50
Luckily, not today. And if it had pointed to the orange
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื
11:54
or the amber, it basically meant you had to have,
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ืื• ื”ืขื ื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ,
11:57
sort of, more continuous care from the health care worker.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
12:00
So that was a very simple three-step screening process
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืชืœืช-ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜
12:03
that could basically change the equation
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ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”
12:05
of how public health care works in so many different ways.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
12:08
BG: Thank you for the good news. VV: Yeah.
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ื‘ื’: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื•: ื›ืŸ.
12:09
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
12:14
So, very briefly, I'll just explain to you how this is done,
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ืื–, ืžืื“ ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื”,
12:17
because that's the more interesting part.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
12:20
So essentially, the three things that are required
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ืื– ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื
12:22
to make this conversion from this guy to this guy
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืžืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
12:27
is a cheap remote control for a television
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื˜ ื–ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
12:31
that you can almost find in every home today,
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ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
12:34
some parts from a computer mouse, basically,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘, ื‘ืขืฆื,
12:38
something that you can scavenge for very low cost,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืื“ ื–ื•ืœ,
12:41
and a few parts that have to be pre-programmed.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื™ื ืžืจืืฉ.
12:44
Basically this is a micro-controller with a few
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•, ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉืœื˜ ืขื ื›ืžื”
12:47
extra components that can be shipped for very little cost
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืื“ ืงื˜ืŸ
12:49
across the world, and that's what is all required
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ืœืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ
12:52
with a little bit of local tinkering talent
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ืขื ืงืฆืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ
12:55
to convert the device into something else.
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ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
12:58
So we are right now doing some systematic field tests
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืฉื“ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื™ื
13:01
to basically ascertain whether something like this actually
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช
13:04
makes sense to the ASHA worker.
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ASHA.
13:06
We are going through some reference tests to compare it
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•
13:09
against professional equipment to see if there's a degree
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื”
13:13
of change in efficacy and if it actually makes an impact
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
13:15
in people's lives. But most importantly,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:18
what we are trying to do right now
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืจื’ืข
13:19
is we are trying to scale this up, because there
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ
13:22
are over 250,000 ASHA workers on the ground
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž250,000 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ASHA ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข
13:24
who are these amazing foot soldiers, and if we can
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
13:27
give at least a fraction of them the access to these things,
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ืœืชืช ืœืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ ืžื”ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
13:31
it just changes the way the economics of public health care
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
13:34
works, and it changes the way systems actually function,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืคืงื“ืช,
13:37
not just on a systematic planning level,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืจืžืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช,
13:41
but also in a very grassroots, bottom-up level.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืžื˜ื”-ืžืขืœื”.
13:44
So that's it, and we hope to do this in a big way.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
13:47
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
13:50
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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