Anupam Mishra: The ancient ingenuity of water harvesting

131,558 views ใƒป 2009-12-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
For emotions, we should not move quickly to the desert.
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ืœืจื’ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžื”ืจ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ.
00:21
So, first, a small housekeeping announcement:
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ืงืฆืจื”:
00:27
please switch off your
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ื ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช
00:29
proper English check programs
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ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:32
installed in your brain.
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ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื.
00:35
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
00:39
So, welcome to the Golden Desert, Indian desert.
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ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื•ื‘, ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
00:44
It receives the least rainfall in the country,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ,
00:47
lowest rainfall.
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ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ื’ืฉื.
00:49
If you are well-versed with inches, nine inches,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื: ืชืฉืขื” ืื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื,
00:53
centimeters, 16 [centimeters].
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ื‘ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื - 16 ืก"ืž.
00:55
The groundwater is 300 feet deep, 100 meters.
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ืžื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง 300 ืจื’ืœ, 100 ืžื˜ืจ.
01:00
And in most parts it is saline, not fit for drinking.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื, ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”.
01:05
So, you can't install hand pumps or dig wells,
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ืื– ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ ืื• ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืช,
01:08
though there is no electricity in most of the villages.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
01:11
But suppose you use the green technology, solar pumps --
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ืืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช--
01:16
they are of no use in this area.
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ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”.
01:19
So, welcome to the Golden Desert.
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ืื– ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื•ื‘.
01:22
Clouds seldom visit this area.
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ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช.
01:25
But we find 40 different names of clouds in this dialect used here.
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ืืš ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ 40 ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืขื ื ื™ื.
01:34
There are a number of techniques to harvest rain.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉื.
01:37
This is a new work, it's a new program.
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ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
01:40
But for the desert society
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ืืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ
01:42
this is no program; this is their life.
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:46
And they harvest rain in many ways.
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื™ ื’ืฉื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:50
So, this is the first device they use
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
01:53
in harvesting rain.
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ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉื.
01:55
It's called kunds; somewhere it is called [unclear].
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ 'ืงื•ื ื“'. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื˜ืื ืงื”".
01:58
And you can notice they have created
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืจื•
02:02
a kind of false catchment.
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื’ืŸ ื›ื•ื–ื‘.
02:05
The desert is there, sand dunes, some small field.
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ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื, ื“ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœ, ืงืฆืช ืฉื“ื•ืช.
02:08
And this is all big raised platform.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืžื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:12
You can notice the small holes
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
02:15
the water will fall on this catchment,
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ื”ืžื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
02:17
and there is a slope.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ.
02:19
Sometimes our engineers and architects
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:23
do not care about slopes in bathrooms,
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ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:26
but here they will care properly.
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ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื“.
02:28
And the water will go where it should go.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื–ืจืžื• ืœืืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื–ืจื•ื.
02:31
And then it is 40 feet deep.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื•ื 12 ืžื˜ืจ.
02:35
The waterproofing is done perfectly,
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ื”ืื™ื˜ื•ื ืœืžื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช,
02:39
better than our city contractors,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
02:42
because not a single drop should go waste in this.
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ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื™ื.
02:47
They collect 100 thousand liters in one season.
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ื”ื ืื•ื’ืจื™ื 100 ืืœืฃ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
02:52
And this is pure drinking water.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ื–ื›ื™ื.
02:56
Below the surface there is hard saline water.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื.
03:00
But now you can have this for year round.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื”.
03:04
It's two houses.
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ืืœื” ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื.
03:06
We often use a term called bylaws.
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ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื—ื•ืง ืขื–ืจ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™'.
03:09
Because we are used to get written things.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘.
03:13
But here it is unwritten by law.
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ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืง ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื›ืชื•ื‘
03:16
And people made their house,
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื,
03:19
and the water storage tanks.
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ื•ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื.
03:23
These raised up platforms just like this stage.
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ืืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืžื” ื›ืืŸ.
03:29
In fact they go 15 feet deep,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืžืงืŸ ื”ื•ื 5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
03:31
and collect rain water from roof,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื’.
03:34
there is a small pipe, and from their courtyard.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืžื”ื—ืฆืจ.
03:37
It can also harvest something like 25,000 in a good monsoon.
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ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 25 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“.
03:43
Another big one,
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ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
03:45
this is of course out of the hardcore desert area.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง.
03:51
This is near Jaipur. This is called the Jaigarh Fort.
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ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ ื’'ืื™ืคื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื‘ืฆืจ ื’'ืื™ื’ืืจืช.
03:55
And it can collect six million gallons of rainwater in one season.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืื’ื•ืจ 23 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžื™-ื’ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช.
04:01
The age is 400 years.
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ื’ื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื 400 ืฉื ื”.
04:04
So, since 400 years it has been giving you
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ืื– ืžื–ื” 400 ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง
04:08
almost six million gallons of water per season.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 23 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื ื”.
04:13
You can calculate the price of that water.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:16
It draws water from 15 kilometers of canals.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื ืž-15 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืขืœื•ืช.
04:21
You can see a modern road, hardly 50 years old.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช 50 ืฉื ื”.
04:26
It can break sometimes.
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ืฉืงื•ืจืกื•ืช ื•ื ื”ืจืกื•ืช.
04:29
But this 400 year old canal, which draws water,
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ืืš ื”ืชืขืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืช 400 ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื,
04:32
it is maintained for so many generations.
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ื ืฉืžืจื” ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื.
04:35
Of course if you want to go inside, the two doors are locked.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก, ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช.
04:39
But they can be opened for TED people.
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ืืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ TED.
04:42
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:43
And we request them.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
04:45
You can see person coming up with
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
04:48
two canisters of water.
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ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื.
04:50
And the water level -- these are not empty canisters --
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ื•ืžืคืœืก ื”ืžื™ื-- ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื--
04:53
water level is right up to this.
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ืžืคืœืก ื”ืžื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœื›ืืŸ.
04:56
It can envy many municipalities,
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืงื ืืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:59
the color, the taste, the purity of this water.
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ื”ืฆื‘ืข, ื”ื˜ืขื, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:04
And this is what they call Zero B type of water,
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ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื 'ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืืคืก ื‘',
05:08
because it comes from the clouds,
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ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืขื ื ื™ื,
05:10
pure distilled water.
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ืžื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื.
05:13
We stop for a quick commercial break,
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ื ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืงืฆืจื”,
05:16
and then we come back to the traditional systems.
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ื•ืื– ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
05:19
The government thought that this is a very
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืื“ ืžืคื’ืจ
05:22
backward area and we should bring
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื›ืืŸ
05:24
a multi-million dollar project
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ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ
05:27
to bring water from the Himalayas.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”.
05:30
That's why I said that this is a commercial break.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช.
05:33
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:34
But we will come back, once again,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ
05:36
to the traditional thing.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:38
So, water from 300, 400 kilometers away,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง 300-400 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
05:42
soon it become like this.
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ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืš.
05:44
In many portions, water hyacinth
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื™ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื
05:46
covered these big canals like anything.
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ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:51
Of course there are some areas where water is reaching,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื,
05:53
I'm not saying that it is not reaching at all.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
05:56
But the tail end, the Jaisalmer area,
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ืืš ื‘ืงืฆื”, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื’'ืื™ืกืืœืžืจ,
06:00
you will notice in Bikaner things like this:
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืงื ืืจ ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”:
06:03
where the water hyacinth couldn't grow,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ
06:05
the sand is flowing in these canals.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
06:10
The bonus is that you can find wildlife around it.
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ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
06:14
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:17
We had full-page advertisements,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืืฆืœื ื• ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื,
06:20
some 30 years, 25 years ago when this canal came.
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ืœืคื ื™ 30, 25 ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืชืขืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื”.
06:24
They said that throw away your traditional systems,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
06:28
these new cement tanks will supply you piped water.
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ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืกืคืงื• ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช.
06:32
It's a dream. And it became a dream also.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœื•ื." ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœื•ื.
06:36
Because soon the water was not able to reach these areas.
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ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:43
And people started renovating their own structures.
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื.
06:48
These are all traditional water structures,
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื,
06:51
which we won't be able to explain in such a short time.
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ื•ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืงืฆืจ.
06:55
But you can see that no woman is standing on those.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืฉื”.
06:59
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:00
And they are plaiting hair.
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ื•ืงื•ืœืขืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื”.
07:02
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
07:06
Jaisalmer. This is heart of desert.
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ื’'ืื™ืกืืœืžืจ. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
07:09
This town was established 800 years ago.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืกื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ 800 ืฉื ื”.
07:13
I'm not sure by that time
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื– ื›ื‘ืจ
07:16
Bombay was there, or Delhi was there,
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ืžื‘ื™ื™, ืื• ื“ืœื”ื™,
07:18
or Chennai was there, or Bangalore was there.
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ืื• ืฆ'ืื ื™, ืื• ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ.
07:21
So, this was the terminal point for silk route.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื™.
07:24
Well connected, 800 years ago, through Europe.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืœืคื ื™ 800 ืฉื ื”, ืขื“ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
07:29
None of us were able to go to Europe,
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ืื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
07:33
but Jaisalmer was well connected to it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’'ืื™ืกืืœืžืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื.
07:36
And this is the 16 centimeter area.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ 16 ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ.
07:40
Such a limited rainfall,
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื,
07:43
and highest colorful life flourished in these areas.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:49
You won't find water in this slide.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื.
07:52
But it is invisible.
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ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื.
07:54
Somewhere a stream or a rivulet
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื–ืจื ืื• ืคืœื’
07:58
is running through here.
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ืฉื–ื•ืจื ื›ืืŸ.
08:01
Or, if you want to paint, you can paint it blue throughout
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ืืš ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืชืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
08:05
because every roof which you see in this picture
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ื’ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•
08:09
collects rainwater drops
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ืื•ืกืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉื
08:11
and deposit in the rooms.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื.
08:16
But apart from this system,
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ืืš ืคืจื˜ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•
08:19
they designed 52 beautiful water bodies around this town.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื• 52 ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช.
08:25
And what we call private public partnership
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
08:29
you can add estate also.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื” ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ.
08:32
So, estate, public and private entrepreneurs
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ืื– ืžืคืขืœื™ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
08:36
work together to build this beautiful water body.
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ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื”.
08:40
And it's a kind of water body for all seasons.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช.
08:45
You will admire it. Just behold the beauty throughout the year.
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ืืชื ืชืžื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืจืง ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
08:49
Whether water level goes up or down,
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ืื ืžืคืœืก ื”ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื™ื•ืจื“,
08:51
the beauty is there throughout.
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ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ื›ืœ.
08:53
Another water body, dried up, of course,
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ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื‘ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
08:56
during the summer period,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
08:58
but you can see how the traditional society
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ืืš ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
09:03
combines engineering with aesthetics, with the heart.
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ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืขื ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ืขื ื”ืœื‘.
09:08
These statues, marvelous statues,
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ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
09:11
gives you an idea of water table.
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžืคืœืก ื”ืžื™ื.
09:14
When this rain comes and the water starts filling this tank,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืฉื ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ,
09:19
it will submerge these beautiful statues
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
09:22
in what we call in English today "mass communication."
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช "ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื."
09:25
This was for mass communication.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.
09:28
Everybody in the town will know that this elephant has drowned,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืข,
09:32
so water will be there for seven months or nine months,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื ืœ-7 ืื• 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
09:35
or 12 months.
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ืื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
09:37
And then they will come and worship this pond,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื™ืกื’ื“ื• ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:40
pay respect, their gratitude.
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ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืื• ื›ืœืคื™ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืชื•ื“ื”.
09:43
Another small water body, called the [unclear].
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ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื "ืจื’'ืื ื™".
09:46
It is difficult to translate in English,
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ืงืฉื” ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
09:48
especially in my English.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
09:50
But the nearest would be "glory," a reputation.
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ืืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” 'ืชื”ื™ืœื”', ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ.
09:53
The reputation in desert of this small water body is
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ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื
09:57
that it never dries up.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
10:00
In severe drought periods
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืงืฉื”
10:03
nobody has seen this water body
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ืื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื ืจืื” ืืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื”
10:05
getting dried up.
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ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
10:07
And perhaps they knew the future also.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ืขื• ืื– ื’ื ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
10:14
It was designed some 150 years ago.
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ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›-150 ืฉื ื”.
10:17
But perhaps they knew that on sixth, November, 2009,
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ืืš ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ืขื• ืื– ืฉื‘-6 ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2009,
10:21
there will be a TED green and blue session,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื™ืจื•ืง-ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ TED,
10:25
so they painted it like this.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื‘ืขื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืš.
10:27
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:28
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
10:33
Dry water body. Children are standing on
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ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื
10:36
a very difficult device to explain.
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ืขืœ ืžืชืงืŸ ืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ.
10:39
This is called kund. We have, in English, surface water and ground water.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื 'ืงื•ื ื“'. ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื ืขื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืชื”ื•ื
10:44
But this is not ground water.
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ืืš ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžื™ ืชื”ื•ื.
10:46
You can draw ground water from any well.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžื™ ืชื”ื•ื ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืืจ.
10:48
But this is no ordinary well.
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ืืš ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
10:51
It squeeze the moisture
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช
10:55
hidden in the sand.
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ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ.
10:57
And they have dubbed this water as the third one called [unclear].
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ื•ื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” "ื’'ืืกืจื™".
11:01
And there is a gypsum belt running below it.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื’ื‘ืก ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืœืžื˜ื”.
11:06
And it was deposited by the great mother Earth,
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ื”ื˜ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ืืžื ืื“ืžื”.
11:10
some three million years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›-3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื.
11:13
And where we have this gypsum strip
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืก
11:16
they can harvest this water.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:18
This is the same dry water body.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉ.
11:20
Now, you don't find any kund;
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ื›ืขืช ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ืงื•ื ื“;
11:23
they are all submerged.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
11:25
But when the water goes down they will be able
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ืืš ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื™ืจื“ื• ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•
11:28
to draw water from those structures throughout the year.
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ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
11:31
This year they have received only six centimeters.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืจืง 6 ืก"ืž.
11:35
Six centimeter of rainfall,
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6 ืก"ืž ืฉืœ ื’ืฉื,
11:38
and they can telephone you
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
11:40
that if you find any water problem in your city,
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื,
11:43
Delhi, Bombay, Bangalore, Mysore,
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ื‘ื“ืœื”ื™, ื‘ื•ืžื‘ื™ื™, ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ, ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ,
11:45
please come to our area of six centimeters, we can give you water.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ 6 ืก"ืž ื’ืฉื, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื™ื.
11:49
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:50
How they maintain them?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื?
11:52
There are three things: concept, planning,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
11:55
making the actual thing, and also maintaining them.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”.
11:58
It is a structure for maintain,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชื—ื–ืง
12:00
for centuries, by generations, without any department,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืœืื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื,
12:05
without any funding,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ,
12:07
So the secret is "[unclear]," respect.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื "ืฉืจืื“ื”ื", ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
12:12
Your own thing, not personal property,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืš, ืœื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉื™,
12:16
my property, every time.
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ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
12:19
So, these stone pillars
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ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœื”
12:21
will remind you that you are entering into a water body area.
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ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื.
12:25
Don't spit, don't do anything wrong,
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ืœื ืœื™ืจื•ืง, ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ื™,
12:27
so that the clean water can be collected.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืื’ืจ.
12:30
Another pillar, stone pillar on your right side.
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ืขืžื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืžื•ื“ ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ.
12:33
If you climb these three, six steps
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ืื ืชื˜ืคืกื• ืขืœ 3, 6 ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืืœื”
12:36
you will find something very nice.
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ืชื’ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื“.
12:39
This was done in 11th century.
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-11.
12:42
And you have to go further down.
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ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจื“ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ื”.
12:45
They say that a picture is worth a thousand words,
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืœืฃ ืžืœื™ื.
12:48
so we can say a thousand words right now,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ืืœืฃ ืžืœื™ื,
12:51
an another thousand words.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืœืฃ ืžืœื™ื.
12:53
If the water table goes down,
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ืื ืžืคืœืก ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“,
12:55
you will find new stairs.
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ืชื’ืœื• ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
12:57
If it comes up, some of them will be submerged.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืคื•.
13:01
So, throughout the year
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื”
13:03
this beautiful system will give you some pleasure.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืขื•ื ื’.
13:08
Three sides, such steps, on the fourth side
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
13:10
there is a four-story building
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช
13:12
where you can organize such TED conferences anytime.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืืจื’ืŸ ื›ื ืก TED ื›ื–ื” ืžืชื™ ืฉืชืจืฆื•.
13:17
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
13:23
Excuse me, who built these structures?
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืžื™ ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
13:27
They are in front of you.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื.
13:29
The best civil engineers we had, the best planners,
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื,
13:33
the best architects.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื.
13:35
We can say that because of them,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื,
13:37
because of their forefathers,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
13:39
India could get the first engineering college
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ื”ื•ื“ื• ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”
13:42
in 1847.
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ื‘-1847.
13:45
There were no English medium schools at that time,
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ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ื™ื,
13:48
even no Hindi schools, [unclear] schools.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
13:51
But such people, compelled to the East India Company,
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ืืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช,
13:54
which came here for business, a very dirty kind of business ...
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ืฉื‘ืื• ื”ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื, ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ืžืื“...
13:58
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:00
but not to create the engineering colleges.
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ืืš ืœื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”,
14:03
But because of them, first engineering college was created
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ืืš ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”
14:07
in a small village, not in the town.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
14:10
The last point, we all know in our primary schools that
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”: ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™
14:15
that camel is a ship of desert.
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ืฉื”ื’ืžืœ ื”ื•ื ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
14:18
So, you can find through your Jeep,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื’'ื™ืค ืฉืœื›ื,
14:21
a camel, and a cart.
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ื’ืžืœ ื•ืขื’ืœื”.
14:24
This tire comes from the airplane.
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืžื˜ื•ืก.
14:28
So, look at the beauty from the desert society
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ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ
14:31
who can harvest rainwater,
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื’ืฉื,
14:33
and also create something
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ื•ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
14:36
through a tire from a jet plane,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฆืžื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ,
14:40
and used in a camel cart.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื’ืœืช ื’ืžืœ.
14:42
Last picture, it's a tattoo,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”: ื–ื”ื• ืงืขืงื•ืข,
14:45
2,000-years-old tattoo.
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ืงืขืงื•ืข ื‘ืŸ 2,000 ืฉื ื”.
14:47
They were using it on their body.
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ื”ื ืงืขืงืขื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื.
14:50
Tattoo was, at one time,
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ื”ืงืขืงื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื
14:52
a kind of a blacklisted
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ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”
14:54
or con thing, but now it is in thing.
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ืื• ืœื ื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” "ืื™ืŸ".
14:57
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:59
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
15:01
You can copy this tattoo. I have some posters of this.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงืขืงื•ืข ื”ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
15:04
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:07
The center of life is water.
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ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:12
These are the beautiful waves.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื.
15:14
These are the beautiful stairs
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ืืœื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช
15:17
which we just saw in one of the slides.
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ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
15:20
These are the trees.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
15:23
And these are the flowers which
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืืฉืจ
15:25
add fragrance to our lives.
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ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
15:29
So, this is the message of desert.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
15:32
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
15:34
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
16:00
Chris Anderson: So, first of all, I wish I had your eloquence, truly, in any language.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื”ื•ื˜ ื›ืžื•ืš, ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื.
16:04
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
16:11
These artifacts and designs are inspiring.
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ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
16:17
Do you believe that they can be used elsewhere,
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ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
16:20
that the world can learn from this?
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ื•ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื?
16:22
Or is this just right for this place?
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื?
16:24
Anupam Mishra: No, the basic idea is to
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ืื ื•ืคืื ืžื™ืฉืจื”: ืœื, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื•ื
16:27
utilize water that falls on our area.
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ืœื ืฆืœ ืžื™ ื’ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื ื•.
16:30
So, the ponds, the open bodies, are everywhere,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
16:34
right from Sri Lanka to Kashmir, and in other parts also.
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ืžืกืจื™ ืœื ืงื” ื•ืขื“ ืงืฉืžื™ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
16:39
And these [unclear], which stored water,
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ื•ื”"ื˜ืื ืงื”" ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื™ื,
16:42
there are two type of things.
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ื”ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
16:44
One recharge, and one stores.
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ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืชืžืœื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืื—ืกืŸ.
16:46
So, it depends on the terrain.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงืจืงืข,
16:49
But kund, which uses the gypsum belt,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื“, ืฉืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืก,
16:52
for that you have to go back to your calendar,
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืš
16:56
three million years ago.
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3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
16:58
If it is there it can be done right now.
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ืื ืžืฆืืช ืืช ื–ื” ืืฆืœืš, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:00
Otherwise, it can't be done.
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ืื—ืจืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
17:02
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
17:03
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:05
CA: Thank you so much.
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ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš.
17:07
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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