Thulasiraj Ravilla: How low-cost eye care can be world-class

42,457 views ใƒป 2009-12-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yuval Rabinovich ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Good morning.
0
15260
2000
ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:17
I've come here to share with you an experiment
1
17260
4000
ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
00:21
of how to get rid of one form of human suffering.
2
21260
4000
ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™.
00:25
It really is a story of Dr. Venkataswamy.
3
25260
3000
ื–ื”ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื•ื•ื ืงืื˜ืืกื•ื•ืืžื™.
00:28
His mission and his message is about the Aravind Eye Care System.
4
28260
6000
ืžืฉื™ืžืชื• ื•ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื• ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืื•ื•ื™ื ื“.
00:34
I think first it's important for us to recognize what it is to be blind.
5
34260
5000
ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ.
00:39
(Music)
6
39260
4000
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
00:43
Woman: Everywhere I went looking for work, they said no,
7
43260
4000
ืืฉื”: ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื™,
00:47
what use do we have for a blind woman?
8
47260
3000
ืžื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืฉื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช?
00:50
I couldn't thread a needle or see the lice in my hair.
9
50260
3000
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืœ ื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื—ื˜ ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื™.
00:53
If an ant fell into my rice, I couldn't see that either.
10
53260
3000
ื’ื ืื ื ืžืœื” ื ืคืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจื– ืฉืœื™, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช.
00:57
Thulasiraj Ravilla: Becoming blind is a big part of it,
11
57260
2000
ืชื•ืœืืกื™ืจืื’' ืจืื•ื•ื™ืœื”: ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืš,
00:59
but I think it also deprives the person of their livelihood, their dignity,
12
59260
5000
ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
01:04
their independence, and their status in the family.
13
64260
3000
ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื ื•ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
01:07
So she is just one amongst the millions who are blind.
14
67260
4000
ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื.
01:11
And the irony is that they don't need to be.
15
71260
3000
ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
01:14
A simple, well-proven surgery can restore sight to millions,
16
74260
4000
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื,
01:18
and something even simpler, a pair of glasses, can make millions more see.
17
78260
5000
ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
01:23
If we add to that the many of us here now
18
83260
3000
ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”
01:26
who are more productive because they have a pair of glasses,
19
86260
4000
ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื,
01:30
then almost one in five Indians will require eye care,
20
90260
3000
ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื›ื— ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•,
01:33
a staggering 200 million people.
21
93260
3000
ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.
01:36
Today, we're reaching not even 10 percent of them.
22
96260
4000
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœ-10% ืžื”ื.
01:40
So this is the context in which Aravind came into existence
23
100260
3000
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืจื›ื– ืืจืื•ื•ื™ื ื“.
01:43
about 30 years back
24
103260
3000
ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš
01:46
as a post-retirement project of Dr. V.
25
106260
3000
ื›ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื’ื™ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื•'.
01:49
He started this with no money.
26
109260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืœื ื›ืกืฃ.
01:51
He had to mortgage all his life savings
27
111260
3000
ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•
01:54
to make a bank loan.
28
114260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง.
01:56
And over time, we have grown into a network of five hospitals,
29
116260
4000
ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืžื—ื ื• ืœืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ึพื—ื•ืœื™ื,
02:00
predominately in the state of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry,
30
120260
4000
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื˜ืžื™ืœ ื ืื“ื• ื•ืคื•ื“ื•ืฆ'ืจื™.
02:04
and then we added several, what we call Vision Centers
31
124260
4000
ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืจืื™ื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
02:08
as a hub-and-spoke model.
32
128260
2000
ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื.
02:10
And then more recently we started managing hospitals
33
130260
3000
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื ื”ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
02:13
in other parts of the country
34
133260
2000
ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
02:15
and also setting up hospitals in other parts of the world as well.
35
135260
4000
ื•ื”ืงืžื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:19
The last three decades,
36
139260
2000
ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
02:21
we have done about three-and-a-half million surgeries,
37
141260
4000
ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื,
02:25
a vast majority of them for the poor people.
38
145260
4000
ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื.
02:29
Now, each year we perform about 300,000 surgeries.
39
149260
4000
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื›-300,000 ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื.
02:34
A typical day at Aravind, we would do about a thousand surgeries,
40
154260
4000
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื‘ืืจืื•ื•ื ื“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื›ืืœืฃ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื
02:38
maybe see about 6,000 patients,
41
158260
4000
ืจื•ืื™ื ื›-6,000 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
02:42
send out teams into the villages to examine, bring back patients,
42
162260
5000
ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื,
02:47
lots of telemedicine consultations,
43
167260
3000
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง (ื˜ืœื”ึพืจืคื•ืื”)
02:50
and, on top of that, do a lot of training,
44
170260
3000
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
02:53
both for doctors and technicians who will become the future staff of Aravind.
45
173260
6000
ื”ืŸ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืื•ื•ื™ื ื“.
03:00
And then doing this day-in and day-out, and doing it well,
46
180260
4000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืึพื™ื•ื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
03:04
requires a lot of inspiration and a lot of hard work.
47
184260
4000
ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”.
03:08
And I think this was possible thanks to the building blocks
48
188260
3000
ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
03:11
put in place by Dr. V.,
49
191260
3000
ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื• ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื“"ืจ ื•',
03:14
a value system, an efficient delivery process,
50
194260
4000
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืจื›ื™ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
03:18
and fostering the culture of innovation.
51
198260
3000
ื•ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
03:21
(Music)
52
201260
7000
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
03:29
Dr. V: I used to sit with the ordinary village man because I am from a village,
53
209260
4000
ื“"ืจ ื•': ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ืื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื›ืคืจ,
03:33
and suddenly you turn around and seem to be in contact with his inner being,
54
213260
4000
ื•ืœืคืชืข ืืชื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื•,
03:37
you seem to be one with him.
55
217260
3000
ืืชื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืชืื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
03:40
Here is a soul which has got all the simplicity of confidence.
56
220260
5000
ื”ื ื” ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
03:45
Doctor, whatever you say, I accept it.
57
225260
3000
ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ.
03:48
An implicit faith in you
58
228260
2000
ืืžื•ื ื” ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืš
03:50
and then you respond to it.
59
230260
2000
ื•ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืš.
03:52
Here is an old lady who has got so much faith in me, I must do my best for her.
60
232260
3000
ื”ื ื” ืืฉื” ืงืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™, ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘.
03:57
When we grow in spiritual consciousness,
61
237260
3000
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช,
04:00
we identify ourselves with all that is in the world,
62
240260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:03
so there is no exploitation.
63
243260
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ.
04:06
It is ourselves we are helping.
64
246260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
04:09
It is ourselves we are healing.
65
249260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืคืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
04:17
(Applause)
66
257260
5000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
04:23
This helped us build a very ethical and very highly patient-centric organization
67
263260
6000
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื“ ืืชื™ ื•ืžืื“ ืžืžื•ืงื“-ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ
04:29
and systems that support it.
68
269260
2000
ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš.
04:31
But on a practical level, you also have to deliver services efficiently,
69
271260
6000
ืืš ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
04:37
and, odd as it may seem, the inspiration came from McDonald's.
70
277260
4000
ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก.
04:41
Dr. V: See, McDonald's' concept is simple.
71
281260
4000
ื“"ืจ ื•': ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜.
04:45
They feel they can train people all over the world,
72
285260
8000
ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:53
irrespective of different religions, cultures, all those things,
73
293260
3000
ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ืชื, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:56
to produce a product in the same way
74
296260
4000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš
05:00
and deliver it in the same manner
75
300260
3000
ื•ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”
05:03
in hundreds of places.
76
303260
2000
ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
05:05
Larry Brilliant: He kept talking about McDonalds and hamburgers,
77
305260
2000
ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜: ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื,
05:07
and none of it made any sense to us.
78
307260
6000
ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
05:13
He wanted to create a franchise,
79
313260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื›ื™ื•ืŸ,
05:16
a mechanism of delivery of eye care
80
316260
3000
ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืกืคืงืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
05:19
with the efficiency of McDonald's.
81
319260
3000
ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก.
05:22
Dr. V: Supposing I'm able to produce eye care,
82
322260
2000
ื“"ืจ ื•': ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
05:24
techniques, methods, all in the same way,
83
324260
4000
ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš,
05:28
and make it available in every corner of the world.
84
328260
3000
ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:31
The problem of blindness is gone.
85
331260
2000
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื ืขืœืžืช.
05:34
TR: If you think about it, I think the eyeball is the same,
86
334260
3000
ืช"ืจ: ืื ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื
05:37
as American or African,
87
337260
2000
ื–ื”ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื•ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™,
05:39
the problem is the same, the treatment is the same.
88
339260
3000
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื”ื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื”.
05:42
And yet, why should there be so much variation in quality and in service,
89
342260
4000
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
05:46
and that was the fundamental principle that we followed
90
346260
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืœื›ื ื•
05:49
when we designed the delivery systems.
91
349260
3000
ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื™ื›ื ื ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
05:52
And, of course, the challenge was that it's a huge problem,
92
352260
3000
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช,
05:55
we are talking of millions of people,
93
355260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:58
very little resource to deal with it,
94
358260
3000
ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืš,
06:01
and then lots of logistics and affordability issues.
95
361260
4000
ื•ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
06:05
And then so, one had to constantly innovate.
96
365260
3000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ.
06:08
And one of the early innovations, which still continues,
97
368260
3000
ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื
06:11
is to create ownership in the community to the problem,
98
371260
4000
ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
06:15
and then engage with them as a partner,
99
375260
3000
ื•ืื– ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืฉื•ืชืฃ,
06:18
and here is one such event.
100
378260
2000
ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”.
06:20
Here a community camp just organized
101
380260
3000
ืžื—ื ื” ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื–ื” ืขืชื”
06:23
by the community themselves,
102
383260
3000
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื,
06:26
where they find a place, organize volunteers,
103
386260
3000
ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื, ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื,
06:29
and then we'll do our part. You know, check their vision,
104
389260
4000
ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื ื•. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื.
06:34
and then you have doctors who you find out what the problem is
105
394260
3000
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
06:37
and then determine what further testing should be done,
106
397260
3000
ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข
06:40
and then those tests are done by technicians
107
400260
5000
ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื
06:45
who check for glasses,
108
405260
4000
ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื
06:49
or check for glaucoma.
109
409260
4000
ืื• ืžืืชืจื™ื ื‘ืจืงื™ืช.
06:53
And then, with all these results, the doctor makes a final diagnosis,
110
413260
4000
ื•ืื–, ืขื ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืจื•ืคื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
06:57
and then prescribes a line of treatment,
111
417260
3000
ื•ืื– ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืงื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
07:00
and if they need a pair of glasses, they are available right there at the camp site,
112
420260
4000
ื•ืื ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื—ื ื”
07:04
usually under a tree.
113
424260
2000
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฅ.
07:06
But they get glasses in the frames of their choice,
114
426260
3000
ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื
07:09
and that's very important because I think glasses,
115
429260
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
07:12
in addition to helping people see,
116
432260
2000
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื–ืจ ืจืื™ื”,
07:14
is also a fashion statement, and they're willing to pay for it.
117
434260
3000
ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
07:22
So they get it in about 20 minutes
118
442260
3000
ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›-20 ื“ืงื•ืช.
07:25
and those who require surgery, are counseled,
119
445260
3000
ืืœื” ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ืขื•ืฅ
07:28
and then there are buses waiting,
120
448260
3000
ื•ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื.
07:31
which will transport them to the base hospital.
121
451260
3000
ื”ื ื ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
07:34
And if it was not for this kind of logistics and support,
122
454260
5000
ืœืœื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”,
07:39
many people like this would probably never get services,
123
459260
3000
ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
07:42
and certainly not when they most need it.
124
462260
4000
ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ.
07:46
They receive surgery the following day,
125
466260
4000
ื”ื ืžื ื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช.
07:50
and then they will stay for a day or two,
126
470260
3000
ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
07:53
and then they are put back on the buses
127
473260
2000
ื•ืื– ืžื•ืกืขื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื
07:55
to be taken back to where they came from,
128
475260
3000
ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื•,
07:58
and where their families will be waiting to take them back home.
129
478260
4000
ืฉื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืงื—ืชื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
08:03
(Applause)
130
483260
6000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
08:09
And this happens several thousand times each year.
131
489260
5000
ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
08:14
It may sound impressive that we're seeing lots of patients,
132
494260
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
08:17
very efficient process,
133
497260
2000
ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืื“,
08:19
but we looked at, are we solving the problem?
134
499260
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื: ื”ืื ืื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?
08:23
We did a study, a scientifically designed process,
135
503260
2000
ืขืจื›ื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ, ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
08:25
and then, to our dismay,
136
505260
2000
ื•ืื–, ืœืฆืขืจื ื•,
08:27
we found this was only reaching seven percent of those in need,
137
507260
5000
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ืœ-7% ืžื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื,
08:32
and we're not adequately addressing more, bigger problems.
138
512260
4000
ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:36
So we had to do something different,
139
516260
2000
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
08:38
so we set up what we call primary eye care centers, vision centers.
140
518260
5000
ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืโ€, ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืจืื™ื”.
08:43
These are truly paperless offices
141
523260
2000
ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ`
08:45
with completely electronic medical records and so on.
142
525260
4000
ืขื ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
08:49
They receive comprehensive eye exams.
143
529260
3000
ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
08:52
We kind of changed the simple digital camera into a retinal camera,
144
532260
4000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืชืž ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืžืฆืœืžืช ืจืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ.
08:56
and then every patient gets their teleconsultation with a doctor.
145
536260
4000
ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคื.
09:02
The effect of this has been that, within the first year,
146
542260
4000
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:06
we really had a 40 percent penetration in the market that it served,
147
546260
5000
ื—ื“ืจื ื• ืœื›-40% ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื.
09:11
which is over 50,000 people.
148
551260
2000
ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50,000 ืื™ืฉ.
09:13
And the second year went up to 75 percent.
149
553260
2000
ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœ-75%.
09:15
So I think we have a process by which
150
555260
2000
ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš
09:17
we can really penetrate into the market
151
557260
2000
ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง
09:19
and reach everyone who needs it,
152
559260
3000
ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
09:22
and in this process of using technology, make sure
153
562260
3000
ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื›ืš
09:25
that most don't need to come to the base hospital.
154
565260
3000
ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
09:28
And how much will they pay for this?
155
568260
2000
ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืš?
09:30
We fixed the pricing, taking into account
156
570260
3000
ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
09:33
what they would save in bus fare in coming to a city,
157
573260
4000
ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจ.
09:37
so they pay about 20 rupees, and that's good for three consultations.
158
577260
4000
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื›-20 ืจื•ืคื™, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื ื” ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืขื•ืฆื™ื.
09:41
(Applause)
159
581260
3000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
09:44
The other challenge was, how do you give high-tech
160
584260
3000
ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“
09:47
or more advanced treatment and care?
161
587260
3000
ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:50
We designed a van with a VSAT,
162
590260
3000
ืชื™ื›ื ื ื• ื•ืืŸ ืขื VSAT,
09:53
which sends out images of patients to the base hospital
163
593260
4000
ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
09:57
where it is diagnosed,
164
597260
3000
ืฉื ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ
10:00
and then as the patient is waiting, the report goes back to the patient,
165
600260
4000
ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื ืฉืœื— ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื•.
10:04
it gets printed out, the patient gets it,
166
604260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืคืก ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
10:07
and then gets a consultation about what they should be doing --
167
607260
3000
ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
10:10
I mean, go see a doctor or come back after six months,
168
610260
3000
ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: โ€žืคื ื” ืœืจื•ืคืโ€, ืื• โ€žื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ 6ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืโ€
10:13
and then this happens as a way of
169
613260
2000
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ
10:15
bridging the technology competence.
170
615260
3000
ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
10:20
So the impact of all this has been essentially one of growing the market,
171
620260
4000
ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืง
10:24
because it focused on the non-customer,
172
624260
3000
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืœืึพืœืงื•ื—
10:27
and then by reaching the unreached,
173
627260
3000
ื•ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื
10:30
we're able to significantly grow the market.
174
630260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง
10:32
The other aspect is how do you deal with this efficiently
175
632260
4000
ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
10:36
when you have very few ophthalmologists?
176
636260
3000
ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื” ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ืคืื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
10:39
So what is in this video is a surgeon operating,
177
639260
3000
ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื ืชื—
10:42
and then you see on the other side,
178
642260
2000
ื•ืื– ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื
10:44
another patient is getting ready.
179
644260
2000
ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื—ืจ
10:46
So, as they finish the surgery,
180
646260
3000
ื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—
10:49
they just swing the microscope over,
181
649260
3000
ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค
10:52
the tables are placed so that their distance is just right,
182
652260
4000
ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
10:56
and then we need to do this, because, by doing this kind of process,
183
656260
3000
ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”
10:59
we're able to more than quadruple the productivity of the surgeon.
184
659260
5000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืื ืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื”.
11:04
And then to support the surgeon,
185
664260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžื ืชื—
11:06
we require a certain workforce.
186
666260
3000
ืื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
11:09
And then we focused on village girls that we recruited,
187
669260
4000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืคืจ ืฉื’ื™ื™ืกื ื•
11:13
and then they really are the backbone of the organization.
188
673260
3000
ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
11:16
They do almost all of the skill-based routine tasks.
189
676260
4000
ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช.
11:20
They do one thing at a time. They do it extremely well.
190
680260
3000
ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื•ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
11:23
With the result we have very high productivity,
191
683260
3000
ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืื ื• ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืกืคืง ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
11:26
very high quality at very, very low cost.
192
686260
3000
ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื“.
11:31
So, putting all this together, what really happened was
193
691260
3000
ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื™ื”
11:34
the productivity of our staff was
194
694260
3000
ืฉืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
11:37
significantly higher than anyone else.
195
697260
3000
ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
11:40
(Applause)
196
700260
6000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
11:46
This is a very busy table,
197
706260
2000
ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขืžื•ืกื” ืžืื•ื“
11:48
but what this really is conveying is that,
198
708260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื”
11:50
when it comes to quality, we have put in
199
710260
2000
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื›ื ืกื ื•
11:52
very good quality-assurance systems.
200
712260
3000
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
11:55
As a result, our complications are significantly lower
201
715260
3000
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
11:58
than what has been reported in the United Kingdom,
202
718260
3000
ืžื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
12:01
and you don't see those kind of numbers very often.
203
721260
3000
ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:04
(Applause)
204
724260
2000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
12:06
So the final part of the puzzle is,
205
726260
2000
ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฆืจืฃ ื”ื•ื
12:08
how do you make all this work financially,
206
728260
3000
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
12:11
especially when the people can't pay for it?
207
731260
3000
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•?
12:14
So what we did was, we gave away a lot of it for free,
208
734260
4000
ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื ื• ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื,
12:18
and then those who pay, I mean, they paid local market rates,
209
738260
3000
ื•ืืœื” ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื•, ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืฉื•ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™
12:21
nothing more, and often much less.
210
741260
2000
ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช.
12:23
And we were helped by the market inefficiency.
211
743260
3000
ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื•
12:26
I think that has been a big savior, even now.
212
746260
3000
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•
12:29
And, of course, one needs the mindset to be wanting to give away
213
749260
4000
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ื ื”
12:33
what you have as a surplus.
214
753260
3000
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ืฃ
12:36
The result has been, over the years,
215
756260
2000
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
12:38
the expenditure has increased with volumes.
216
758260
2000
ื ืคื— ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื’ื“ืœ
12:40
The revenues increase at a higher level,
217
760260
2000
ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:42
giving us a healthy margin
218
762260
2000
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื
12:44
while you're treating a large number of people for free.
219
764260
4000
ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื.
12:48
I think in absolute terms,
220
768260
2000
ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื
12:50
last year we earned about 20-odd million dollars,
221
770260
3000
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ื›-20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
12:53
spent about 13 million, with over a 40 percent EBITA.
222
773260
5000
ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ื›-13 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40% ืœืคื ื™ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืคื—ืช ื•ืžื™ืกื™ื.
12:58
(Applause)
223
778260
8000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
13:06
But this really requires going beyond what we do,
224
786260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
13:09
or what we have done,
225
789260
3000
ืื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
13:12
if you really want to achieve solving this problem of blindness.
226
792260
3000
ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ.
13:15
And what we did was a couple of very counter-intuitive things.
227
795260
4000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”.
13:19
We created competition for ourselves,
228
799260
3000
ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
13:22
and then we made eye care affordable
229
802260
3000
ื•ืื– ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจ-ื”ืฉื’ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ
13:25
by making low-cost consumables.
230
805260
3000
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื.
13:28
We proactively and systematically
231
808260
3000
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™
13:31
promoted these practices to many hospitals in India,
232
811260
4000
ืงื™ื“ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
13:35
many in our own backyards and then in other parts of the world as well.
233
815260
3000
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:38
The impact of this has been that these hospitals,
234
818260
4000
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื”
13:42
in the second year after our consultation,
235
822260
3000
ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•
13:45
are double their output
236
825260
2000
ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื
13:47
and then achieve financial recovery as well.
237
827260
5000
ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื’ื ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
13:53
The other part was how do you address
238
833260
3000
ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื
13:56
this increase in cost of technology?
239
836260
4000
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
14:00
There was a time when we failed to negotiate
240
840260
3000
ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื›ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
14:03
the [intra-ocular lens] prices to be at affordable levels,
241
843260
2000
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ [ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช] ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”.
14:05
so we set up a manufacturing unit.
242
845260
4000
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงืžื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
14:09
And then, over time, we were able to bring down the cost significantly
243
849260
4000
ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
14:13
to about two percent of what it used to be when we started out.
244
853260
5000
ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ-2% ืžื”ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื•
14:18
Today, we believe we have about seven percent of the global market,
245
858260
4000
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›-7% ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœื ื•
14:22
and they're used in about 120-odd countries.
246
862260
4000
ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-120 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
14:26
To conclude, I mean, what we do, does it have a broader relevance,
247
866260
5000
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:31
or is it just India or developing countries?
248
871260
5000
ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช?
14:36
So to address this, we studied UK versus Aravind.
249
876260
6000
ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ืืจืื•ื•ื™ื ื“.
14:43
What it shows is that we do roughly about 60 percent
250
883260
3000
ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›-60%
14:46
of the volume of what the UK does,
251
886260
3000
ืžื”ื ืคื— ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
14:49
near a half-million surgeries as a whole country.
252
889260
3000
ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื,
14:52
And we do about 300,000.
253
892260
3000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื›-300,000.
14:55
And then we train about 50 ophthalmologists
254
895260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›-50 ืจื•ืคืื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
14:58
against the 70 trained by them,
255
898260
3000
ื•ื”ื ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›-70.
15:01
comparable quality, both in training and in patient care.
256
901260
3000
ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชึพื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
15:04
So we're really comparing apples to apples.
257
904260
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืœืชืคื•ื—ื™ื.
15:07
We looked at cost.
258
907260
2000
ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
15:09
(Laughter)
259
909260
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:11
(Applause)
260
911260
6000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
15:17
So, I think it is simple to say
261
917260
2000
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ
15:19
just because the U.K. isn't India the difference is happening.
262
919260
4000
ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
15:23
I think there is more to it.
263
923260
2000
ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.
15:25
I mean, I think one has to look at other aspects as well.
264
925260
2000
ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:27
Maybe there is --
265
927260
2000
ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื.
15:29
the solution to the cost could be in productivity,
266
929260
4000
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื”,
15:33
maybe in efficiency, in the clinical process,
267
933260
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™,
15:36
or in how much they pay for the lenses or consumables,
268
936260
3000
ืื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
15:39
or regulations, their defensive practice.
269
939260
3000
ืื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืชื’ื•ื ื ืช.
15:42
So, I think decoding this can probably bring
270
942260
3000
ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื— ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
15:45
answers to most developed countries
271
945260
5000
ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช
15:50
including the U.S., and maybe
272
950260
2000
ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืจื”"ื‘, ื•ืื•ืœื™
15:52
Obama's ratings can go up again.
273
952260
3000
ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื”.
15:55
(Laughter)
274
955260
3000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:59
Another insight, which, again, I want to leave with you,
275
959260
4000
,ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื›ื
16:03
in conditions where the problem is very large,
276
963260
3000
ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“,
16:06
which cuts across all economic strata,
277
966260
2000
ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
16:08
where we have a good solution,
278
968260
3000
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
16:11
I think the process I described,
279
971260
2000
ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™
16:13
you know, productivity, quality, patient-centered care,
280
973260
4000
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื โ€“ ืชืคื•ืงื”, ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ึพืžื˜ื•ืคืœ โ€“
16:17
can give an answer,
281
977260
3000
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
16:20
and there are many which fit this paradigm.
282
980260
2000
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
16:22
You take dentistry, hearing aid, maternity and so on.
283
982260
3000
ืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
16:25
There are many where this paradigm can now play,
284
985260
3000
ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
16:28
but I think probably one of the most challenging things
285
988260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:30
is on the softer side.
286
990260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:32
Now, how do you create compassion?
287
992260
2000
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืžืœื”?
16:34
Now, how do you make people own the problem,
288
994260
2000
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
16:36
want to do something about it?
289
996260
2000
ื›ืš ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ?
16:38
There are a bit harder issues.
290
998260
2000
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:40
And I'm sure people in this crowd can probably find the solutions to these.
291
1000260
4000
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
16:44
So I want to end my talk leaving this thought and challenge to you.
292
1004260
3000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืื™ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ.
16:47
Dr. V: When you grow in spiritual consciousness,
293
1007260
3000
ื“"ืจ ื•': ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช,
16:50
we identify with all that is in the world
294
1010260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:53
so there is no exploitation.
295
1013260
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ.
16:56
It is ourselves we are helping.
296
1016260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
16:58
It is ourselves we are healing.
297
1018260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืคืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
17:01
TR: Thank you very much.
298
1021260
2000
ืช"ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
17:03
(Applause)
299
1023260
17000
(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7