Thulasiraj Ravilla: How low-cost eye care can be world-class

42,401 views ใƒป 2009-12-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: June Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Tae-Hoon Chung
00:15
Good morning.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
00:17
I've come here to share with you an experiment
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
00:21
of how to get rid of one form of human suffering.
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์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
It really is a story of Dr. Venkataswamy.
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๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
00:28
His mission and his message is about the Aravind Eye Care System.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ™”๋‘๋Š” ์•„๋ผ๋นˆ๋“œ ์•„์ด ์ผ€์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
I think first it's important for us to recognize what it is to be blind.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์•ž์„ ๋ชป ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
00:43
Woman: Everywhere I went looking for work, they said no,
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์—ฌ์ธ: ์ผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”
00:47
what use do we have for a blind woman?
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์•ž๋„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋ƒ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
00:50
I couldn't thread a needle or see the lice in my hair.
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์ „ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์— ์‹ค๋„ ๋ชป ๊ฟฐ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ๋‹ˆ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:53
If an ant fell into my rice, I couldn't see that either.
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๋ฐฅ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ชป ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
00:57
Thulasiraj Ravilla: Becoming blind is a big part of it,
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ํˆด๋ผ์‹œ๋ผ์ฆˆ ๋ผ๋นŒ๋ผ: ์•ž์„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:59
but I think it also deprives the person of their livelihood, their dignity,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ช…์€ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ์กด์—„์„ฑ,
01:04
their independence, and their status in the family.
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๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ƒํ™œ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด ์ง€์œ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
So she is just one amongst the millions who are blind.
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์ € ๋ถ„์€ ์•ž์„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:11
And the irony is that they don't need to be.
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์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
A simple, well-proven surgery can restore sight to millions,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:18
and something even simpler, a pair of glasses, can make millions more see.
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๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:23
If we add to that the many of us here now
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ ๋•ํƒ์—
01:26
who are more productive because they have a pair of glasses,
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๋” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:30
then almost one in five Indians will require eye care,
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์ธ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 5๋ถ„์˜ 1์ธ 2์–ต ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:33
a staggering 200 million people.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Today, we're reaching not even 10 percent of them.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ 10% ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋•์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:40
So this is the context in which Aravind came into existence
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ผ๋นˆ๋“œ๊ฐ€
01:43
about 30 years back
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๋Œ€๋žต 30๋…„ ์ „์ฏค ๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜
01:46
as a post-retirement project of Dr. V.
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์€ํ‡ด ํ›„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
He started this with no money.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ ์—†์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
He had to mortgage all his life savings
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ํ‰์ƒ ๋ชจ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ
01:54
to make a bank loan.
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And over time, we have grown into a network of five hospitals,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‘ ์ฃผ์™€
02:00
predominately in the state of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry,
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ํ‘ธ๋‘์ฒด๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์— 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ๋‘” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ
02:04
and then we added several, what we call Vision Centers
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์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋น„์ „ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์ƒ
02:08
as a hub-and-spoke model.
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑฐ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And then more recently we started managing hospitals
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๋”์šฑ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„
02:13
in other parts of the country
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๋ณ‘์›์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:15
and also setting up hospitals in other parts of the world as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋„ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
The last three decades,
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
02:21
we have done about three-and-a-half million surgeries,
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๋Œ€๋žต 350๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:25
a vast majority of them for the poor people.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Now, each year we perform about 300,000 surgeries.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 30๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
A typical day at Aravind, we would do about a thousand surgeries,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์•„๋ผ๋นˆ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ฒœ ๊ฑด ์ •๋„
02:38
maybe see about 6,000 patients,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋žต 6์ฒœ ๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
02:42
send out teams into the villages to examine, bring back patients,
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๋งˆ์„๋กœ ํŒ€์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ™˜์ž ์ด์†ก ๋ฐ
02:47
lots of telemedicine consultations,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™”์ƒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
and, on top of that, do a lot of training,
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์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์•„๋ผ๋นˆ๋“œ์˜ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋  ์˜์‚ฌ์™€
02:53
both for doctors and technicians who will become the future staff of Aravind.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹๋„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
03:00
And then doing this day-in and day-out, and doing it well,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋งค์ผ ๋นผ๋†“์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:04
requires a lot of inspiration and a lot of hard work.
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And I think this was possible thanks to the building blocks
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ
03:11
put in place by Dr. V.,
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๋‹ฆ์•„ ๋†“์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
a value system, an efficient delivery process,
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๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„,
03:18
and fostering the culture of innovation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:21
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
03:29
Dr. V: I used to sit with the ordinary village man because I am from a village,
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๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ: ์ „ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:33
and suddenly you turn around and seem to be in contact with his inner being,
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๋ฌธ๋“ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์  ์กด์žฌ์™€ ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
03:37
you seem to be one with him.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด๋ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
03:40
Here is a soul which has got all the simplicity of confidence.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ญ๋“  ์ˆœ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏฟ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Doctor, whatever you say, I accept it.
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์˜์‚ฌ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋“  ๋‹ค ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:48
An implicit faith in you
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ 
03:50
and then you respond to it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Here is an old lady who has got so much faith in me, I must do my best for her.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…”์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
When we grow in spiritual consciousness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž๊ฐ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:00
we identify ourselves with all that is in the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:03
so there is no exploitation.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
It is ourselves we are helping.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด๊ณ 
04:09
It is ourselves we are healing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:23
This helped us build a very ethical and very highly patient-centric organization
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋•ํƒ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋„๋•์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ
04:29
and systems that support it.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐํ•  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
But on a practical level, you also have to deliver services efficiently,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:37
and, odd as it may seem, the inspiration came from McDonald's.
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์šฐ์Šต๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฐ์€ ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Dr. V: See, McDonald's' concept is simple.
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๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ: ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
They feel they can train people all over the world,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๊ฑด ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด
04:53
irrespective of different religions, cultures, all those things,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:56
to produce a product in the same way
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก
05:00
and deliver it in the same manner
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
in hundreds of places.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:05
Larry Brilliant: He kept talking about McDonalds and hamburgers,
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๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์–ธํŠธ: ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์™€ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
05:07
and none of it made any sense to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:13
He wanted to create a franchise,
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”
05:16
a mechanism of delivery of eye care
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์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ๋งŒํผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:19
with the efficiency of McDonald's.
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์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
05:22
Dr. V: Supposing I'm able to produce eye care,
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๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€
05:24
techniques, methods, all in the same way,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:28
and make it available in every corner of the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:31
The problem of blindness is gone.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹ค๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:34
TR: If you think about it, I think the eyeball is the same,
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ํˆด๋ผ์‹œ๋ผ์ฆˆ ๋ผ๋นŒ๋ผ: ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
05:37
as American or African,
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๋ˆˆ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ฃ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑด
05:39
the problem is the same, the treatment is the same.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And yet, why should there be so much variation in quality and in service,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์งˆ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”.
05:46
and that was the fundamental principle that we followed
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
05:49
when we designed the delivery systems.
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์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And, of course, the challenge was that it's a huge problem,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:55
we are talking of millions of people,
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๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:58
very little resource to deal with it,
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์ด ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:01
and then lots of logistics and affordability issues.
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์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณ„ํš, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ ์ˆฑํ•œ ๋‚œ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And then so, one had to constantly innovate.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
And one of the early innovations, which still continues,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜์‹  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:11
is to create ownership in the community to the problem,
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์‹œ๋ ฅ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:15
and then engage with them as a partner,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:18
and here is one such event.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Here a community camp just organized
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
06:23
by the community themselves,
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
where they find a place, organize volunteers,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ์„ญ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:29
and then we'll do our part. You know, check their vision,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and then you have doctors who you find out what the problem is
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์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
06:37
and then determine what further testing should be done,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:40
and then those tests are done by technicians
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด
06:45
who check for glasses,
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์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:49
or check for glaucoma.
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๋…น๋‚ด์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ฃ .
06:53
And then, with all these results, the doctor makes a final diagnosis,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
06:57
and then prescribes a line of treatment,
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์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and if they need a pair of glasses, they are available right there at the camp site,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์บ ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
07:04
usually under a tree.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์•„๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
But they get glasses in the frames of their choice,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝํ…Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:09
and that's very important because I think glasses,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:12
in addition to helping people see,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒจ์…˜์†Œํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:14
is also a fashion statement, and they're willing to pay for it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์š”.
07:22
So they get it in about 20 minutes
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต 20๋ถ„์ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:25
and those who require surgery, are counseled,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„
07:28
and then there are buses waiting,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
07:31
which will transport them to the base hospital.
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๋ณธ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:34
And if it was not for this kind of logistics and support,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
07:39
many people like this would probably never get services,
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and certainly not when they most need it.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:46
They receive surgery the following day,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:50
and then they will stay for a day or two,
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—” ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์ดํ‹€ ์ฏค ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:53
and then they are put back on the buses
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
07:55
to be taken back to where they came from,
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์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
and where their families will be waiting to take them back home.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:09
And this happens several thousand times each year.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
It may sound impressive that we're seeing lots of patients,
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๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:17
very efficient process,
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๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
08:19
but we looked at, are we solving the problem?
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?" ๋Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
08:23
We did a study, a scientifically designed process,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
08:25
and then, to our dismay,
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์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜
08:27
we found this was only reaching seven percent of those in need,
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๋‹จ 7%์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:32
and we're not adequately addressing more, bigger problems.
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๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
So we had to do something different,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
08:38
so we set up what we call primary eye care centers, vision centers.
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1์ฐจ ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ ฅ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
These are truly paperless offices
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ ˆ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:45
with completely electronic medical records and so on.
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์ง„๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์žํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
They receive comprehensive eye exams.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
We kind of changed the simple digital camera into a retinal camera,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ง๋ง‰ ์ดฌ์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
and then every patient gets their teleconsultation with a doctor.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:02
The effect of this has been that, within the first year,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ฒซ ํ•ด์—
09:06
we really had a 40 percent penetration in the market that it served,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ 40%๋ฅผ ์ ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
which is over 50,000 people.
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50,000๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:13
And the second year went up to 75 percent.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด์— ์ ์œ ์œจ์€ 75%๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
So I think we have a process by which
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
09:17
we can really penetrate into the market
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
09:19
and reach everyone who needs it,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด
09:22
and in this process of using technology, make sure
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๋ณธ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ
09:25
that most don't need to come to the base hospital.
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๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
And how much will they pay for this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:30
We fixed the pricing, taking into account
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜
09:33
what they would save in bus fare in coming to a city,
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์ด์šฉ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
so they pay about 20 rupees, and that's good for three consultations.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 20๋ฃจํ”ผ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์กฑํžˆ ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:44
The other challenge was, how do you give high-tech
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜
09:47
or more advanced treatment and care?
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์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ• ๊นŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
We designed a van with a VSAT,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ตญ์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ฐด์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
which sends out images of patients to the base hospital
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณธ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด
09:57
where it is diagnosed,
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์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
10:00
and then as the patient is waiting, the report goes back to the patient,
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์ „์†ก
10:04
it gets printed out, the patient gets it,
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์ธ์‡„ํ•ด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
and then gets a consultation about what they should be doing --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
I mean, go see a doctor or come back after six months,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:13
and then this happens as a way of
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
10:15
bridging the technology competence.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
So the impact of all this has been essentially one of growing the market,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:24
because it focused on the non-customer,
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ 
10:27
and then by reaching the unreached,
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ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ชป๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๋•๋ถ„์—
10:30
we're able to significantly grow the market.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
The other aspect is how do you deal with this efficiently
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๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ
10:36
when you have very few ophthalmologists?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
So what is in this video is a surgeon operating,
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
10:42
and then you see on the other side,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
10:44
another patient is getting ready.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So, as they finish the surgery,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด
10:49
they just swing the microscope over,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜† ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
the tables are placed so that their distance is just right,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งž๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
and then we need to do this, because, by doing this kind of process,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„
10:59
we're able to more than quadruple the productivity of the surgeon.
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4๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And then to support the surgeon,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:06
we require a certain workforce.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And then we focused on village girls that we recruited,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์„ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„๋Š”๋ฐ
11:13
and then they really are the backbone of the organization.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ €ํฌ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์ถ”์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
They do almost all of the skill-based routine tasks.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:20
They do one thing at a time. They do it extremely well.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์”ฉ ์ผ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
With the result we have very high productivity,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
11:26
very high quality at very, very low cost.
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๋†’์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
So, putting all this together, what really happened was
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
11:34
the productivity of our staff was
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์ €ํฌ ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€
11:37
significantly higher than anyone else.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:46
This is a very busy table,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ‘œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
11:48
but what this really is conveying is that,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
11:50
when it comes to quality, we have put in
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณด์ฆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
11:52
very good quality-assurance systems.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
As a result, our complications are significantly lower
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€
11:58
than what has been reported in the United Kingdom,
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๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:01
and you don't see those kind of numbers very often.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:06
So the final part of the puzzle is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํผ์ฆ์„ ์™„์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:08
how do you make all this work financially,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:11
especially when the people can't pay for it?
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์„ ๋• ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
So what we did was, we gave away a lot of it for free,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„
12:18
and then those who pay, I mean, they paid local market rates,
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:21
nothing more, and often much less.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ŒŒ์ฃ .
12:23
And we were helped by the market inefficiency.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๋ฐ
12:26
I think that has been a big savior, even now.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And, of course, one needs the mindset to be wanting to give away
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚จ๋Š” ์ด์œค์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
12:33
what you have as a surplus.
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๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
12:36
The result has been, over the years,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:38
the expenditure has increased with volumes.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
The revenues increase at a higher level,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์ถœ์€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:42
giving us a healthy margin
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๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง„์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
while you're treating a large number of people for free.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:48
I think in absolute terms,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ
12:50
last year we earned about 20-odd million dollars,
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2์ฒœ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์˜€๊ณ  1300๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœ
12:53
spent about 13 million, with over a 40 percent EBITA.
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40% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ์ „์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:06
But this really requires going beyond what we do,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
13:09
or what we have done,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์™”๋˜
13:12
if you really want to achieve solving this problem of blindness.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
And what we did was a couple of very counter-intuitive things.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ง๊ด€์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
We created competition for ourselves,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:22
and then we made eye care affordable
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์ €๋น„์šฉ ์†Œ๋ชจํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ
13:25
by making low-cost consumables.
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์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
We proactively and systematically
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
13:31
promoted these practices to many hospitals in India,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ-์ €ํฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ‘์›๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ -
13:35
many in our own backyards and then in other parts of the world as well.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—๋„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
The impact of this has been that these hospitals,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ปจ์„คํŒ…์„ ๋ฐ›์€
13:42
in the second year after our consultation,
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๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์€ 2๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋งค์ถœ์ด
13:45
are double their output
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2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„
13:47
and then achieve financial recovery as well.
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๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
The other part was how do you address
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
13:56
this increase in cost of technology?
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
There was a time when we failed to negotiate
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚ด ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„
14:03
the [intra-ocular lens] prices to be at affordable levels,
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๋‚ฎ์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
so we set up a manufacturing unit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
And then, over time, we were able to bring down the cost significantly
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ
14:13
to about two percent of what it used to be when we started out.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์•ฝ 2%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Today, we believe we have about seven percent of the global market,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์•ฝ 7%๋ฅผ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:22
and they're used in about 120-odd countries.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋Š” 120๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
To conclude, I mean, what we do, does it have a broader relevance,
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
14:31
or is it just India or developing countries?
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์•„๋‹˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:36
So to address this, we studied UK versus Aravind.
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์ด ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ์•„๋ผ๋นˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
What it shows is that we do roughly about 60 percent
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€
14:46
of the volume of what the UK does,
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” 50๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜
14:49
near a half-million surgeries as a whole country.
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์•ฝ 60% ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
And we do about 300,000.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 30๋งŒ๊ฑด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
And then we train about 50 ophthalmologists
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 50๋ช…์˜ ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
14:58
against the 70 trained by them,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 70๋ช…์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‚˜
15:01
comparable quality, both in training and in patient care.
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
So we're really comparing apples to apples.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘˜์€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
We looked at cost.
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๋จผ์ € ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:17
So, I think it is simple to say
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ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์ธ๋„์™€
15:19
just because the U.K. isn't India the difference is happening.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
15:23
I think there is more to it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
I mean, I think one has to look at other aspects as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Maybe there is --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
15:29
the solution to the cost could be in productivity,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:33
maybe in efficiency, in the clinical process,
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:36
or in how much they pay for the lenses or consumables,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ชจํ’ˆ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:39
or regulations, their defensive practice.
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๊ทœ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ์ง„๋ฃŒ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
So, I think decoding this can probably bring
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
15:45
answers to most developed countries
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์— ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
15:50
including the U.S., and maybe
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
15:52
Obama's ratings can go up again.
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:59
Another insight, which, again, I want to leave with you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
16:03
in conditions where the problem is very large,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค
16:06
which cuts across all economic strata,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
16:08
where we have a good solution,
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์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
16:11
I think the process I described,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค
16:13
you know, productivity, quality, patient-centered care,
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์ฆ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ํ™˜์ž์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
16:17
can give an answer,
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๋‹ต์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
and there are many which fit this paradigm.
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์ด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์€ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜ํ•™, ์ฒญ๋ ฅ๋ณด์กฐ, ๋ชจ์ž๋ณด๊ฑด ๋“ฑ
16:22
You take dentistry, hearing aid, maternity and so on.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
There are many where this paradigm can now play,
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์ด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
16:28
but I think probably one of the most challenging things
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
16:30
is on the softer side.
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๋ฌดํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
Now, how do you create compassion?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
16:34
Now, how do you make people own the problem,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:36
want to do something about it?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
16:38
There are a bit harder issues.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
And I'm sure people in this crowd can probably find the solutions to these.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
So I want to end my talk leaving this thought and challenge to you.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
Dr. V: When you grow in spiritual consciousness,
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๋ฒค์นดํƒ€์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ:์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž๊ฐ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด
16:50
we identify with all that is in the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
16:53
so there is no exploitation.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
It is ourselves we are helping.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด๊ณ 
16:58
It is ourselves we are healing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:01
TR: Thank you very much.
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ํˆด๋ผ์‹œ๋ผ์ฆˆ ๋ผ๋นŒ๋ผ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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