How China is (and isn't) fighting pollution and climate change | Angel Hsu

177,806 views ใƒป 2018-09-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shai Hakim ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
When is seeing not believing?
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ืžืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ?
00:17
A couple years ago, my friend sent me this photo from รœrรผmqi,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ืจืžืงื™,
00:20
which is the capital of Xinjiang province in northwest China.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™, ืฉื™ื ื’'ืื ื’ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืŸ.
00:24
On this particular day, she couldn't believe her eyes.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื”.
00:28
Checking the quality of the air outside using this app on her iPad,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืคื“ ืฉืœื”,
00:33
the numbers were telling her the air quality was good,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื” ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
00:36
one on a scale of 500.
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช.
00:38
But when she looked outside, she saw something much different.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืจืืชื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:42
Yes, those are buildings in the background.
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ื›ืŸ, ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืงืข.
00:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:47
But the data were simply not telling the truth
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช
00:50
of what people were seeing and breathing,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจืื• ื•ื ืฉืžื•,
00:52
and it's because they were failing to measure PM2.5,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื” PM2.5.
00:56
or fine particulate pollution.
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ืื• "ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืช ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™".
00:58
When PM2.5 levels went off the charts in 2012,
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ื›ืฉืจืžื•ืช PM2.5 ื—ืจื’ื• ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ 2012,
01:02
or "crazy bad," as the US Embassy once described it in a tweet,
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ืื• "ืจืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ" ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืชืืจื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื,
01:06
Chinese denizens took to social media
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ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
01:08
and they started to question why it was that they were seeing this disconnect
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื ืชืง
01:12
between official air quality statistics
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช
01:14
and what they were seeing and breathing for themselves.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
01:18
Now, this questioning has led
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•
01:20
to an environmental awakening of sorts in China,
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ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
01:24
forcing China's government to tackle its pollution problems.
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ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”.
01:28
Now China has the opportunity to become a global environmental leader.
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ื›ืขืช ืœืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™.
01:34
But the picture that I'll paint for you today
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:36
is one that's mixed.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
01:38
There are some signs that are very promising,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื,
01:41
and there are other trends that are more troubling
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช
01:43
that warrant closer attention.
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ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืงื”.
01:45
But now let's go back to the story at hand.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:48
I started to witness the beginnings of China's green evolution
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช
01:51
when I was a PhD student conducting fieldwork in China in 2011.
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ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ 2011,
01:56
I traveled all across the country seeking answers to the question
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ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ืœืื•ืจื›ื” ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื”
01:59
that I often got myself from the skeptical outsider:
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ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ืจื™ื ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื™ื:
02:03
What, you mean China is doing something on the environment?
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ืžื”, ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
02:06
They have environmental policies?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช?
02:07
What policies?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช?
02:09
At that time, PM2.5 data was considered too politically sensitive
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื ืชื•ื ื™ PM2.5 ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
02:14
and so the government was keeping it secret,
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ืื– ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืžืจื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื•ื“,
02:16
but citizens were becoming aware of its harmful human health effects,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
02:21
and they were demanding greater transparency
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ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช
02:23
on the part of the government.
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ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
02:25
I actually started to see some of this growing evolution and awareness myself
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช, ื‘ืขืฆืžื™
02:29
cropping up all over China.
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ืฆืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืŸ.
02:31
Department stores, for example, started to market these air purifiers
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ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื‘ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืืœื”
02:35
that could filter out harmful PM2.5.
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ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ PM2.5 ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.
02:39
Citizens were also adopting PM2.5 as the title of musical festivals.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ืืช ื” PM2.5 ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:46
And then I went to a golf course in Shenzhen, which is in southern China,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื–ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืกื™ืŸ.
02:50
and you can see from this banner, they're advertising a retreat from PM2.5.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื” PM2.5.
02:55
Golf sub-par, but don't breathe sub-par air.
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ืชื›ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื ืฉื•ื ืชืช ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื.
02:59
And then Shanghai's Environmental Protection Bureau
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™
03:01
decided to create a mascot named after the air quality index
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืžื•ื’'ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื "ืžื“ื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ"
03:06
to better communicate the air quality data to its people.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
03:10
I call her AQI Girl,
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื” ื ืขืจืช ื”ืžื"ื”,
03:12
and her expression and hair color changes depending on the quality of air outside.
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:17
Five years later and she's still the mostly smiling face
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ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช
03:21
of Shanghai's air quality.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื—ืื™.
03:23
And then in 2015,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ 2015,
03:25
former CCTV reporter Chai Jing
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ื”ื›ืชื‘ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืฆ'ืื™ ืฆ'ื™ื ื’
03:27
created this documentary called "Under the Dome."
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ื™ืฆืจื” ืกืจื˜ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื "ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ื™ืคื”".
03:30
It would be likened to Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring."
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื "ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืงื˜" ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืงืืจืกื•ืŸ.
03:34
And much like Rachel Carson
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืงืืจืกื•ืŸ
03:35
brought to attention the fact that pesticides were harming human health,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืงื•ื˜ืœื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
03:39
"Under the Dome" stamped into the popular consciousness
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"ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ื™ืคื”" ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
03:43
that air pollution was leading to one million premature deaths
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื
03:48
every year in China alone.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
03:51
This video garnered
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ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื›ื”
03:52
more than a hundred million views in a single weekend
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“
03:55
before China's government,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
03:57
fearing that it might incite some type of social unrest,
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ืฉืคื—ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื™ ืฉืงื˜ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
04:00
pulled it from the internet.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
04:02
But the damage had already been done.
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ืื‘ืœ "ื”ื ื–ืง" ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื”.
04:05
Public outcry over air pollution
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ื–ืขืงื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
04:07
galvanized China's government,
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ืขื•ืจืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
04:09
perhaps in an act of self-preservation,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
04:11
to think big and decisively about how it could tackle
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
04:14
the root of its air pollution
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ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ
04:16
and many of its other environmental problems:
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”:
04:18
its energy system.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
04:20
For you see, in China,
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ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
04:22
about two thirds of its electricity comes from coal.
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื•ืคืง ืžืคื—ื.
04:26
China has more coal-fired power plants than any other country in the world,
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:31
about 40 percent of the global total,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ,
04:34
and it's because of this fact that China's government
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช
04:38
has decided since 2014 to wage a war on coal,
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ 2014 ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื,
04:42
shutting down small coal mines,
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ืกื’ืจื” ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
04:44
setting limits on coal consumption,
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ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืคื—ื,
04:47
even canceling an Australia's worth of coal-fired power plants.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื’ืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
04:53
They've also been making enormous investments
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
04:55
when it comes to clean and renewable energy,
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช,
04:57
like hydropower, wind and solar,
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ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื— ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื, ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืžืฉ,
05:00
and the pace and the scale of this transformation
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ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
05:03
has been absolutely mind-blowing.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
05:05
Let me give you a couple of statistics to show you what I mean.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
05:08
China leads the world when it comes to hydropower,
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ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื,
05:11
with a third of total capacity.
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ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”.
05:13
There's enough for every Chinese citizen
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ืกื™ื ื™
05:16
to power two homes in a single year from hydropower alone.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืจืง ืžื›ื— ื”ื™ื“ืจื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™.
05:20
You may have heard of the Three Gorges Dam,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ืกื›ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืžืงื™ื.
05:23
pictured here,
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ืฉืžืฆื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ,
05:24
which is the largest power station in the world,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:26
and it's powered by water.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืžื™ื.
05:28
In terms of wind power,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื— ืจื•ื—,
05:29
China has a third of the global capacity.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
05:32
This makes it the number one leader by far.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืคืขืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ.
05:35
When we look at solar, China's also leading.
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ื’ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”.
05:38
In fact, they crushed their 2020 target
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืœ 2020
05:42
of installing 105 gigawatts of solar power.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ 105 ื’ื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืื˜ ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
05:45
This is after the government already revised upwards
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ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœืชื”
05:48
several times its solar energy target
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ืืช ื™ืขื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
05:51
between 2009 and 2015.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2009 ื• 2015.
05:54
Last year, in seven months alone,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
05:57
China was able to install a whopping 35 gigawatts of solar power.
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ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ 35 ื’ื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื.
06:02
This is more than half of what the US has combined in total
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:05
and China did this in just seven months alone.
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ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
06:09
We can verify this remarkable growth in solar power from space,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ื—ืœืœ,
06:13
like the startup SpaceKnow has done in this slide.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืค SpaceKnow ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
06:16
By 2020, China is on track to generate Germany's entire electricity consumption
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ืขื“ 2020 ืกื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”
06:22
from just wind and solar power alone.
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ืจืง ืžืจื•ื— ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
06:25
It's pretty darn remarkable.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื“ื”ื™ื.
06:28
And we see some evidence now
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช
06:30
that China's efforts on clean energy
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ืฉื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
06:32
is actually having an effect,
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ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืคืจื™,
06:34
not just on air pollution reduction,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
06:36
but also on global climate change,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
06:38
where China has the world's largest carbon footprint.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืœืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:42
If we look at some of the data, we can see that China's coal consumption
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ืื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืคื—ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ
06:46
may have already reached a peak as early as 2013.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ 2013.
06:50
This is a major reason why China's government announced
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื”
06:53
that actually they've already achieved their 2020 carbon reduction pledge
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ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœ 2020
06:58
ahead of schedule.
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ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™.
07:00
This reduction in coal consumption
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ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืคื—ื
07:02
is also directly driving improvements in air quality
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
07:05
across the country,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
07:06
as I've shown here in blue.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
07:09
In most major Chinese cities,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
07:10
air pollution has fallen by as much as 30 percent.
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ืคื—ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
07:14
And this reduction in air pollution is actually leading people
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ื•ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
07:17
to live longer lives in China,
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
07:19
on average two and a half years more than they would have in 2013.
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ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ 2013.
07:25
In yellow, we can see the cities that have experienced
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ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื•
07:28
the greatest improvements in air quality.
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
07:31
But of course, as I mentioned at the beginning of this talk,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
07:34
we have to temper some of this optimism
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืชืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
07:36
with a healthy dose of caution,
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ืขื ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
07:38
and that's largely because the data are still being determined.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจืจื™ื.
07:43
At the end of last year,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
07:45
after roughly three years of pretty steady global carbon emissions,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ,
07:49
scientific projections suggest
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ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช
07:51
that global emissions may be on the rise again
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ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘
07:54
and that could be due to increases in China's fossil fuel consumptions,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
07:58
so they may not have reached that peak that I showed earlier.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื.
08:02
But of course, the statistics and the data are still murky
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื
08:05
and that's because China regularly revises its coal statistics after the fact.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”.
08:11
Actually, it's funny,
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
08:12
since I've been here I've been having a debate on Twitter
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ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ
08:15
with other climate modelers,
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ืขื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ,
08:16
trying to figure out whether China's carbon emissions
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ
08:19
have gone up, gone down or whether they're staying relatively stable.
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ืขืœื•, ื™ืจื“ื• ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:24
And of course, China is still a rapidly developing country.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช.
08:28
It's still experimenting with a range of policies,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ืกื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
08:30
like dockless bike sharing,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช,
08:32
which has been hailed as a possible sustainable transport solution.
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ืฉืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื— ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™.
08:36
But then we have images of this bicycle graveyard
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
08:40
that tell a more cautionary tale.
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ืฉืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
08:42
Sometimes, solutions can move too fast
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืžื”ืจ ืžื“ื™
08:45
and outpace demand.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
08:47
And of course, coal is still king in China,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคื—ื ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
08:51
at least for now.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
08:53
So why should we care about what China is doing on the environment?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
08:57
Well, what China does at home on the environment
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
09:00
can have global implications for the rest of us.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
09:02
To borrow a line from Chai Jing,
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ืื ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฆ'ืื™ ื’'ื™ื ื’
09:04
we're all under the same dome,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชื—ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ื™ืคื”,
09:06
and air pollution that originates in China
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ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
09:09
can travel beyond its borders
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
09:11
and affect populations as far away as those in North America.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
09:16
China's not only exporting air pollution,
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ืกื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื™ืฆืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
09:18
but they're also exporting aid, infrastructure, technology abroad.
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืื™ื ืกื™ื•ืข, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:24
President Xi Jinping in 2013 announced the One Belt, One Road Initiative,
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ื‘ 2013 ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ ื’'ื™ื ืคื™ื ื’ ืขืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช "ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“",
09:29
a massive, one-trillion-US-dollar infrastructure investment project
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ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
09:34
in more than 60 other countries.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
09:36
And historically, when we've seen
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ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืจืื™ื ื•
09:38
that China has made these infrastructure investments abroad,
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ืฉื›ืฉืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
09:41
they haven't always been clean.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื™ื•ืช.
09:43
The Global Environment Institute, a Chinese civil society group,
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ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
09:47
found that in the last 15 years,
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ืžืฆืื” ืฉื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
09:49
China has invested in more than 240 coal-fired power plants
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ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 240 ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื— ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช
09:53
in more than 68 countries
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช
09:55
affiliated with the One Belt, One Road Initiative.
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ืฉืžืกื•ื ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื–ืžืช "ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“",
09:58
That's more than a quarter of China's own domestic coal-fired capacity
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื‘ืข ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื™ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
10:02
that is exported abroad.
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•"ืœ.
10:04
So we can see that even though China is cleaning up at home,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืŸ "ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช",
10:08
it's exporting some of that pollution
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ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”
10:11
to other countries,
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ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
10:12
and greenhouse gas emissions simply don't have a passport.
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ื•ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ.
10:16
So when we're trying to evaluate this question
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ื›ืš ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
10:18
of whether or not China is actually leading,
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ื”ืื ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื• ืฉืœื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืคืชื•ื—.
10:20
we can see it's still very much an open debate.
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10:24
But time is running out.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ื–ืœ.
10:25
I've studied the climate models, and the outlook is not good.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
10:29
We still have a gap between current policies
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
10:32
and what needs to happen if we want to avoid dangerous climate change.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
10:37
Leadership is what we desperately need,
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ,
10:39
but it's not coming from the US, for example.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ.
10:42
The US administration last June announced its intent
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•
10:45
to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement,
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ืœืกื’ืช ืžื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื–,
10:48
so now people are looking towards China to fill that leadership void.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžืกื™ืŸ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ.
10:52
So China is very much in the driver's seat
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ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื ื”ื’
10:54
determining our global environmental future.
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ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื• ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
10:57
What they do on carbon trading,
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ,
10:59
on clean energy, on air pollution,
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ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื”, ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
11:03
we can learn many lessons.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
11:05
One of those lessons is that clean energy is not just good for the environment,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืจืง ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
11:10
it can save lives by reducing air pollution.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
11:13
It's also good for the economy.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”.
11:15
We can see that last year,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
11:17
China was responsible for 30 percent of the global growth
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ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
11:20
in green jobs.
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ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช.
11:21
The US? Only six.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช? ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
11:24
So the picture that I just painted for you
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื
11:27
hopefully seems much different
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ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
11:29
from those murky, foggy air quality statistics
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ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื
11:32
to a much clearer picture of China's clean energy.
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ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืงื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ,
11:36
And even though China is headed in the right direction,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
11:39
we know that there's still a very long road ahead.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
11:42
So let me ask you once more: Is seeing believing?
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ?
11:45
Can we trust the data and the statistics
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช
11:47
that show that China's air quality is coming down
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ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช
11:51
and that its war on coal is actually having an effect?
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ื•ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืคื—ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช?
11:55
Well, let's take a look at some of the latest satellite images
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
11:58
of China's solar power installations.
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ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ.
12:02
I want you to look very closely at this image.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
12:06
Can you see?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื?
12:08
The proof may just be in the pandas.
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ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื ื“ื”.
12:11
Thank you so much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
12:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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