James Kunstler: How bad architecture wrecked cities

541,018 views ใƒป 2007-05-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avigail Burstein ืžื‘ืงืจ: Avihu Turzion
00:26
The immersive ugliness
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ื”ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“
00:29
of our everyday environments in America
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ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
00:34
is entropy made visible.
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ื”ื•ื ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื” ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื” ืœืขื™ืŸ
00:38
We can't overestimate the amount of despair
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ
00:42
that we are generating with places like this.
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
00:47
And mostly, I want to persuade you that we have to do better
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืชื›ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ
00:51
if we're going to continue the project of civilization in America.
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
00:57
By the way, this doesn't help.
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ื•ื–ื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจ.
01:00
Nobody's having a better day down here because of that.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“.
01:07
There are a lot of ways you can describe this.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
01:09
You know, I like to call it "the national automobile slum."
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘".
01:12
You can call it suburban sprawl.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืคืจื‘ืจื™ืช.
01:15
I think it's appropriate to call it
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”
01:17
the greatest misallocation of resources in the history of the world.
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
01:22
You can call it a technosis externality clusterfuck.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื
01:27
And it's a tremendous problem for us.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
01:33
The outstanding -- the salient problem about this for us
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:37
is that these are places that are not worth caring about.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช.
01:40
We're going to talk about that some more.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช.
01:43
A sense of place:
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืงื•ื.
01:45
your ability to create places that are meaningful and places of quality and character
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™
01:52
depends entirely on your ability to define space with buildings,
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ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
01:57
and to employ the vocabularies, grammars,
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง
02:01
syntaxes, rhythms and patterns of architecture
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ, ื”ืžืงืฆื‘ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
02:05
in order to inform us who we are.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•.
02:08
The public realm in America has two roles:
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ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื:
02:14
it is the dwelling place of our civilization and our civic life,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
02:19
and it is the physical manifestation of the common good.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
02:24
And when you degrade the public realm,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ืจื“ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
02:27
you will automatically degrade the quality of your civic life
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ืžื“ืจื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
02:30
and the character of all the enactments of your public life and communal life that take place there.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื.
02:39
The public realm comes mostly in the form of the street in America
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
02:44
because we don't have the 1,000-year-old cathedral plazas
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 1,000
02:48
and market squares of older cultures.
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ื•ื›ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ.
02:52
And your ability to define space and to create places that are worth caring about
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช
03:00
all comes from a body of culture that we call the culture of civic design.
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ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
03:05
This is a body of knowledge, method, skill and principle
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ืข, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:10
that we threw in the garbage after World War II
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ืฉื–ืจืงื ื• ืœืคื— ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
03:15
and decided we don't need that anymore; we're not going to use it.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ืขื•ื“; ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉื ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•.
03:18
And consequently, we can see the result all around us.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
03:23
The public realm has to inform us not only where we are geographically,
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ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื• ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™,
03:28
but it has to inform us where we are in our culture.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื• ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™.
03:32
Where we've come from, what kind of people we are, and it needs to,
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ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ื•, ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื ื—ื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš --
03:37
by doing that, it needs to afford us a glimpse to where we're going
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-- ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
03:43
in order to allow us to dwell in a hopeful present.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
03:48
And if there is one tremendous --
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืกื•ืŸ,
03:50
if there is one great catastrophe about the places that we've built,
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ืืกื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•,
03:53
the human environments we've made for ourselves in the last 50 years,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:57
it is that it has deprived us of the ability to live in a hopeful present.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
04:06
The environments we are living in, more typically, are like these.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืš.
04:10
You know, this happens to be the asteroid belt of architectural garbage two miles north of my town.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื™
04:16
And remember, to create a place of character and quality,
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ื•ื–ื›ืจื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™
04:20
you have to be able to define space.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘.
04:22
So how is that being accomplished here?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•?
04:24
If you stand on the apron of the Wal-Mart over here
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ืื ืชืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœืžืจื˜ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
04:27
and try to look at the Target store over here,
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ื•ืชื ืกื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื ื•ืช "ื˜ืจื’ื˜" ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืืŸ,
04:29
you can't see it because of the curvature of the Earth. (Laughter)
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ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:35
That's nature's way of telling you that you're doing a poor job of defining space.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœื•ื‘ื”.
04:41
Consequently, these will be places that nobody wants to be in.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื.
04:44
These will be places that are not worth caring about.
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ืืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช.
04:48
We have about, you know, 38,000 places
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ืชืฉืžืขื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 38,000 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
04:51
that are not worth caring about in the United States today.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
04:53
When we have enough of them, we're going to have a nation that's not worth defending.
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ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื•, ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื ื”.
04:59
And I want you to think about that when you think about
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
05:03
those young men and women who are over in places like Iraq,
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขื™ืจืง,
05:05
spilling their blood in the sand,
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ืฉื•ืชืชื™ื ื“ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืช.
05:07
and ask yourself, "What is their last thought of home?"
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ื•ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื”ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
05:12
I hope it's not the curb cut between the Chuck E. Cheese and the Target store
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ืืช ืœื ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆ'ืงื™ ืฆ'ื™ื™ื– ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื˜ืจื’ื˜!
05:16
because that's not good enough for Americans to be spilling their blood for. (Applause)
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืฉืชืชื• ื“ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:22
We need better places in this country.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:25
Public space. This is a good public space.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:27
It's a place worth caring about. It's well defined.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
05:30
It is emphatically an outdoor public room.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ื—ืœืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
05:33
It has something that is terribly important --
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
05:36
it has what's called an active and permeable membrane around the edge.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื•, ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ ืงืจื•ื ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื—ื“ื™ืจ.
05:39
That's a fancy way of saying it's got shops, bars, bistros, destinations --
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืžื’ื•ื ื“ืจืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ื™ืขื“ื™ื -
05:44
things go in and out of it. It's permeable.
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- ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ื™ืจ.
05:47
The beer goes in and out, the waitresses go in and out,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช, ื”ืžืœืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช,
05:50
and that activates the center of this place and makes it a place that people want to hang out in.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
05:55
You know, in these places in other cultures,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
05:59
people just go there voluntarily because they like them.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ืžืจืฆื•ื ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื
06:03
We don't have to have a craft fair here to get people to come here. (Laughter)
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ืจื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ื ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:06
You know, you don't have to have a Kwanzaa festival.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืงื•ื•ืื ื–ื” (ื—ื’ ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™).
06:09
People just go because it's pleasurable to be there.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
06:13
But this is how we do it in the United States.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
06:17
Probably the most significant public space failure in America,
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ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
06:20
designed by the leading architects of the day, Harry Cobb and I.M. Pei:
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ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ืืจื™ ืงื•ื‘ ื•ืื™ื™.ืืž ืคื™ื™:
06:25
Boston City Hall Plaza.
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ื›ื›ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
06:27
A public place so dismal that the winos don't even want to go there. (Laughter)
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ืฉื˜ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื›ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:33
And we can't fix it because I.M. Pei's still alive,
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ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื™.ืืž ืคื™ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™,
06:36
and every year Harvard and M.I.T. have a joint committee to repair it.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืชื›ื ืกืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ื•ืจื“ ื•ืืž.ืื™ื™.ื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื›ืจ
06:39
And every year they fail to because they don't want to hurt I.M. Pei's feelings.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื™.ืืž ืคื™ื™.
06:43
This is the other side of the building.
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ื–ื” ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:45
This was the winner of an international design award in, I think, 1966, something like that.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืคืจืก ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ 1966, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
06:50
It wasn't Pei and Cobb, another firm designed this,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืคื™ื™ ื•ืงื•ื‘, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
06:53
but there's not enough Prozac in the world to make people feel OK about going down this block.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืจื•ื–ืืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:04
This is the back of Boston City Hall,
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ื–ื” ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:06
the most important, you know, significant civic building in Albany -- excuse me -- in Boston.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืœื‘ื ื™ื” - ืกืœื™ื—ื” - ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
07:14
And what is the message that is coming,
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืงืข ืžืžื ื• -
07:16
what are the vocabularies and grammars that are coming, from this building
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ืžื”ื• ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
07:19
and how is it informing us about who we are?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•?
07:22
This, in fact, would be a better building if we put mosaic portraits
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืชืคืจ ืื ื ืงืฉื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืคืกื™ืคืก
07:26
of Josef Stalin, Pol Pot, Saddam Hussein,
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ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ื˜, ืกืื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ,
07:31
and all the other great despots of the 20th century on the side of the building,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” 20
07:34
because then we'd honestly be saying what the building is really communicating to us.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื” ืžืฉื“ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
07:39
You know, that it's a despotic building;
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ืฅ;
07:41
it wants us to feel like termites. (Laughter)
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจืžื™ื˜ื™ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:49
This is it on a smaller scale:
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:51
the back of the civic center in my town, Saratoga Springs, New York.
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืกืจื˜ื•ื’ื” ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ืก, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
07:55
By the way, when I showed this slide to a group of Kiwanians in my town,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื›ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื•ืื ื™ืก ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™,
08:00
they all rose in indignation from their creamed chicken, (Laughter)
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื–ืขื ืžื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืœื•ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:05
and they shouted at me and said,
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ื•ืฆืขืงื• ืœื™
08:08
"It was raining that day when you took that picture!"
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"ืฆื™ืœืžืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื!"
08:12
Because this was perceived to be a weather problem. (Laughter)
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจืื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:24
You know, this is a building designed like a DVD player. (Laughter)
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ืžื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™.ื•ื™.ื“ื™, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:29
Audio jack, power supply --
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ืฉืงืข ืื•ื“ื™ื•, ืฉืงืข ืœื—ืฉืžืœ
08:34
and look, you know these things are important architectural jobs for firms, right?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:39
You know, we hire firms to design these things.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
08:41
You can see exactly what went on, three o'clock in the morning at the design meeting.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
08:45
You know, eight hours before deadline,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื“ ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
08:47
four architects trying to get this building in on time, right?
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืŸ?
08:51
And they're sitting there at the long boardroom table
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ืš
08:54
with all the drawings, and the renderings,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช,
08:56
and all the Chinese food caskets are lying on the table, and --
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืง ืื•ื•ืื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ื–ืจื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•-
09:00
I mean, what was the conversation that was going on there? (Laughter)
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืขืœ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืฉื? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:04
Because you know what the last word was, what the last sentence was of that meeting.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื”.
09:09
It was: "Fuck it." (Laughter) (Applause)
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:16
That -- that is the message of this form of architecture.
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ื–ื” - ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:22
The message is: We don't give a fuck! We don't give a fuck.
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื: ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื–ื™ืŸ! ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื–ื™ืŸ.
09:28
So I went back on the nicest day of the year, just to --
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ืื– ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™
09:31
you know -- do some reality testing,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
09:33
and in fact, he will not even go down there because (Laughter)
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื, ื›ื™
09:37
it's not interesting enough for his clients,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
09:39
you know, the burglars, the muggers.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
09:42
It's not civically rich enough for them to go down there.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื.
09:47
OK.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™
09:49
The pattern of Main Street USA --
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ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
09:52
in fact, this pattern of building downtown blocks, all over the world, is fairly universal.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:57
It's not that complicated:
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกื•ื‘ืš
09:59
buildings more than one story high, built out to the sidewalk edge,
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”
10:05
so that people who are, you know, all kinds of people can get into the building.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
10:08
Other activities are allowed to occur upstairs,
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
10:12
you know, apartments, offices, and so on.
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
10:15
You make provision for this activity called shopping on the ground floor.
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ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื” ืงื ื™ื•ืช
10:19
They haven't learned that in Monterey.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื–ื”
10:21
If you go out to the corner right at the main intersection right in front of this conference center,
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ืื ืชืคื ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื ื”ื–ื”
10:25
you'll see an intersection with four blank walls on every corner.
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ืชืจืื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื”.
10:28
It's really incredible.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ
10:30
Anyway, this is how you compose and assemble a downtown business building,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื›ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
10:34
and this is what happened when in Glens Falls, New York,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืŸ ืคื•ืœืก, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
10:37
when we tried to do it again, where it was missing, right?
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ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื›ื”
10:39
So the first thing they do is they pop up the retail a half a story above grade to make it sporty.
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ืื– ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™
10:45
OK. That completely destroys the relationship between the business and the sidewalk,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื”ื ื”ืจืกื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื”
10:51
where the theoretical pedestrians are. (Laughter)
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ืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™ื (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:54
Of course, they'll never be there, as long as this is in that condition.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื›ื”
10:58
Then because the relationship between the retail is destroyed,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืจื•ืกื”
11:02
we pop a handicapped ramp on that,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืข ืœื ื›ื™ื ืžืขืœ,
11:05
and then to make ourselves feel better, we put a nature Band-Aid in front of it.
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ื•ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืคืœืกื˜ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
11:09
And that's how we do it.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
11:11
I call them "nature Band-Aids" because there's a general idea in America
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืคืœืกื˜ืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
11:15
that the remedy for mutilated urbanism is nature.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืจื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
11:20
And in fact, the remedy for wounded and mutilated urbanism is good urbanism, good buildings.
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ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ื ืคืฆื•ืข ื•ื”ืจื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
11:27
Not just flower beds, not just cartoons of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื” ื ื‘ืื“ื”
11:33
You know, that's not good enough.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
11:34
We have to do good buildings.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
11:36
The street trees have really four jobs to do and that's it:
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ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ
11:39
To spatially denote the pedestrian realm,
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ืœืกืžืœ ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ
11:42
to protect the pedestrians from the vehicles in the carriageway,
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
11:47
to filter the sunlight onto the sidewalk,
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ืœื’ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
11:50
and to soften the hardscape of the buildings
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ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
11:52
and to create a ceiling -- a vaulted ceiling -- over the street, at its best.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืœืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืงืจื” ืงืžื•ืจื”
11:56
And that's it. Those are the four jobs of the street trees.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ืืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘
12:00
They're not supposed to be a cartoon of the North Woods;
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ื”ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื
12:03
they're not supposed to be a set for "The Last of the Mohicans."
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ื”ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืœ"ืžื•ื”ื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ"
12:08
You know, one of the problems with the fiasco of suburbia is that it destroyed our understanding
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ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจืกื” ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•
12:16
of the distinction between the country and the town, between the urban and the rural.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ืœื—ืงืœืื™
12:20
They're not the same thing.
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ื”ื ืœื ื–ื”ื™ื
12:22
And we're not going to cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city,
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ื•ืœื ื ืจืคื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื ื ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ
12:26
which is what a lot of us are trying to do all the time.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
12:28
Here you see it on a small scale -- the mothership has landed,
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ื›ืืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ืื ื ื—ืชื”
12:32
R2-D2 and C-3PO have stepped out to test the bark mulch
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R2-D2 ื• C-3PO ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืจืงืข
12:38
to see if they can inhabit this planet. (Laughter)
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:43
A lot of this comes from the fact that the industrial city in America was such a trauma
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื˜ืจืื•ืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
12:48
that we developed this tremendous aversion for the whole idea of the city,
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ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื— ืกืœื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ
12:52
city life, and everything connected with it.
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ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”
12:54
And so what you see fairly early, in the mid-19th century,
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืžื“ื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื” -19 ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ
12:59
is this idea that we now have to have an antidote to the industrial city,
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ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคืช-ื ื’ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช
13:03
which is going to be life in the country for everybody.
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ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืคืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
13:06
And that starts to be delivered in the form of the railroad suburb:
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืฆื• ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช
13:10
the country villa along the railroad line,
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ื•ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืคืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช
13:13
which allows people to enjoy the amenity of the city,
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ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ืขืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ
13:16
but to return to the countryside every night.
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ืืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืœื›ืคืจ
13:18
And believe me, there were no Wal-Marts or convenience stores out there then,
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜ืก ืื• ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื
13:21
so it really was a form of country living.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืคืจ
13:23
But what happens is, of course, it mutates over the next 80 years
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ 80 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื—ืœื• ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช
13:27
and it turns into something rather insidious.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ ืœืžื“ื™
13:29
It becomes a cartoon of a country house, in a cartoon of the country.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ
13:34
And that's the great non-articulated agony of suburbia
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื•
13:39
and one of the reasons that it lends itself to ridicule.
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื—ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื
13:41
Because it hasn't delivered what it's been promising for half a century now.
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ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”
13:46
And these are typically the kind of dwellings we find there, you know.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
13:50
Basically, a house with nothing on the side
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ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื•
13:53
because this house wants to state, emphatically,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืคื’ืŸ
13:55
"I'm a little cabin in the woods. There's nothing on either side of me.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืงืชืช ื™ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื“ื“ื™
13:58
I don't have any eyes on the side of my head. I can't see."
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ. ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื”
14:02
So you have this one last facade of the house,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
14:04
the front, which is really a cartoon of a facade of a house.
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช
14:07
Because -- notice the porch here.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ - ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืžืจืคืกืช
14:09
Unless the people that live here are Munchkins, nobody's going to be using that.
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื’ืžื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”
14:16
This is really, in fact, a television broadcasting a show 24/7 called "We're Normal."
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื"
14:22
We're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื.
14:25
Please respect us, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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ืื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื.
14:27
But we know what's going on in these houses, you know.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
14:29
We know that little Skippy is loading his Uzi down here,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืกืงื™ืคื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื–ื™
14:33
getting ready for homeroom. (Laughter)
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ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:37
We know that Heather, his sister Heather, 14 years old,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืช'ืจ, ืื—ื•ืชื• ื‘ืช ื” 14
14:40
is turning tricks up here to support her drug habit.
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ืžืฉืชืจืœืœืช ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืกืžื™ื ืฉืœื”
14:43
Because these places, these habitats,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืืœื”
14:46
are inducing immense amounts of anxiety and depression in children,
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ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ
14:51
and they don't have a lot of experience with medication.
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
14:55
So they take the first one that comes along, often.
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ืื– ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื
14:57
These are not good enough for Americans.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
14:59
These are the schools we are sending them to:
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ืืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื
15:02
The Hannibal Lecter Central School, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื ื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœืงื˜ืจ, ืœืืก ื•ื•ื’ืืก, ื ื‘ื“ื”
15:08
This is a real school!
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ!
15:10
You know, but there's obviously a notion that if you let the inmates of this thing out,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ืชื ื™ื— ืœื›ืœื•ืื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
15:14
that they would snatch a motorist off the street and eat his liver.
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ื”ื ื™ื—ื˜ืคื• ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ื•ื™ืื›ืœื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“
15:18
So every effort is made to keep them within the building.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฅ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
15:23
Notice that nature is present. (Laughter)
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:30
We're going to have to change this behavior whether we like it or not.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื ื•
15:32
We are entering an epochal period of change in the world, and -- certainly in America
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
15:37
-- the period that will be characterized by the end of the cheap oil era.
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฅ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื•ืœ
15:42
It is going to change absolutely everything.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”
15:46
Chris asked me not to go on too long about this, and I won't,
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ื›ืจื™ืก ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืžื“ื™, ื•ื›ืš ืืขืฉื”
15:49
except to say there's not going to be a hydrogen economy.
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ
15:52
Forget it. It's not going to happen.
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ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืžื–ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”
15:54
We're going to have to do something else instead.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”
15:56
We're going to have to down-scale, re-scale, and re-size
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
16:01
virtually everything we do in this country and we can't start soon enough to do it.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื–
16:05
We're going to have -- (Applause) -- we're going to have to live closer to where we work.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš - ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
16:09
We're going to have to live closer to each other.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™
16:11
We're going have to grow more food closer to where we live.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช
16:15
The age of the 3,000 mile Caesar salad is coming to an end.
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ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกืœื˜ ืงื™ืกืจ ืฉื ืกืข 3,000 ืžื™ื™ืœ, ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื
16:20
We're going to have to -- we have a railroad system that the Bulgarians would be ashamed of!
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš - ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื!
16:25
We gotta do better than that!
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ!
16:27
And we should have started two days before yesterday.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืœืฉื•ื
16:30
We are fortunate that the new urbanists were there, for the last 10 years,
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื• ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
16:35
excavating all that information that was thrown in the garbage
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ื•ื—ืคืจื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื–ืจืง ืœืคื—
16:39
by our parents' generation after World War II.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
16:42
Because we're going to need it if we're going to learn how to reconstruct towns.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
16:44
We're going to need to get back this body of methodology and principle and skill
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
16:50
in order to re-learn how to compose meaningful places, places that are integral,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช - ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื
16:56
that allow -- that are living organisms in the sense that they contain all the organs of our civic life
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื - ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
17:03
and our communal life, deployed in an integral fashion.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื’ืœื™
17:08
So that, you know, the residences make sense
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
17:11
deployed in relation to the places of business, of culture and of governance.
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ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœ
17:16
We're going to have to re-learn what the building blocks of these things are:
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
17:20
the street, the block, how to compose public space that's both large and small,
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ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘. ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ
17:26
the courtyard, the civic square
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ื”ื—ืฆืจ. ื”ื›ื›ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
17:29
and how to really make use of this property.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื–ื”
17:32
We can see some of the first ideas
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
17:35
for retro-fitting some of the catastrophic property that we have in America.
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืคืขื, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
17:40
The dead malls: what are we going to do with them?
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ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื. ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื?
17:43
Well, in point of fact, most of them are not going to make it.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ื ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืจื“ื•
17:45
They're not going to be retro-fitted;
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืืžื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื
17:47
they're going to be the salvage yards of the future.
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ื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
17:49
Some of them we're going to fix, though.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื ืชืงืŸ
17:51
And we're going to fix them by imposing back on them street and block systems
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ื•ื ืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
17:55
and returning to the building lot as the normal increment of development.
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ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—
18:01
And if we're lucky, the result will be revivified town centers and neighborhood centers
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ื•ืื ื™ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื
18:07
in our existing towns and cities.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื›ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
18:09
And by the way, our towns and cities are where they are, and grew where they were
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ื•ืื’ื‘, ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื“ืœื•
18:14
because they occupy all the important sites.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
18:16
And most of them are still going to be there,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื
18:19
although the scale of them is probably going to be diminished.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื’ื•ื“ืœืŸ ื™ื™ืงื˜ืŸ
18:24
We've got a lot of work to do.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
18:26
We're not going to be rescued by the hyper-car; we're not going to be rescued by alternative fuels.
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ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืชืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•; ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื“ืœืง ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื•
18:31
No amount or combination of alternative fuels
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืื• ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื
18:34
is going to allow us to continue running what we're running, the way we're running it.
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ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš
18:38
We're going to have to do everything very differently.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™
18:41
And America's not prepared.
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ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื”
18:43
We are sleepwalking into the future.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
18:46
We're not ready for what's coming at us.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข
18:49
So I urge you all to do what you can.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ืง ื‘ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื›ื
18:52
Life in the mid-21st century is going to be about living locally.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 ื™ืกื•ื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
18:59
Be prepared to be good neighbors.
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ืชืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
19:02
Be prepared to find vocations that make you useful
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ืชืชื›ื•ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืชื›ื ืœืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื
19:07
to your neighbors and to your fellow citizens.
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ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื
19:09
One final thing -- I've been very disturbed about this for years,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
19:12
but I think it's particularly important for this audience.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉื›ืืŸ
19:15
Please, please, stop referring to yourselves as "consumers." OK?
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ืื ื, ืื ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ืก ืืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืืœ "ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื", ืื•ืงื™ื™?
19:21
Consumers are different than citizens.
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ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื–ืจื—ื™ื
19:23
Consumers do not have obligations, responsibilities and duties
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ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช
19:28
to their fellow human beings.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื
19:30
And as long as you're using that word consumer in the public discussion,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
19:33
you will be degrading the quality of the discussion we're having.
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ืชื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
19:37
And we're going to continue being clueless
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ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืชืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืคืœ
19:40
going into this very difficult future that we face.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืฆืคื” ืœื ื•
19:43
So thank you very much.
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ืื– ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื
19:44
Please go out and do what you can to make this a land full of places that are worth caring about
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ืื ื ืฆืื• ื•ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช
19:50
and a nation that will be worth defending. (Applause)
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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