James Kunstler: How bad architecture wrecked cities

534,333 views ใƒป 2007-05-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Peter Pyungchul Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seol-ah Lee
00:26
The immersive ugliness
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ๋Š”
00:29
of our everyday environments in America
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์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์žกํ•จ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
00:34
is entropy made visible.
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๋ฌด์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
We can't overestimate the amount of despair
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ์€
00:42
that we are generating with places like this.
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๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ด์ง€์š”.
00:47
And mostly, I want to persuade you that we have to do better
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€,
00:51
if we're going to continue the project of civilization in America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Œ€๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
By the way, this doesn't help.
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”?
01:00
Nobody's having a better day down here because of that.
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์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
There are a lot of ways you can describe this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
01:09
You know, I like to call it "the national automobile slum."
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'๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ์ดŒ'์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:12
You can call it suburban sprawl.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ป—์€ ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:15
I think it's appropriate to call it
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฑด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์œ ๋ž˜์—†๋Š”
01:17
the greatest misallocation of resources in the history of the world.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ž์›๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:22
You can call it a technosis externality clusterfuck.
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"๊ธฐ์ˆ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋‚ณ์€ ๊ฐœํŒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And it's a tremendous problem for us.
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๊ทผ๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
The outstanding -- the salient problem about this for us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:37
is that these are places that are not worth caring about.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‚„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
We're going to talk about that some more.
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์ข€ ๋” ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
01:43
A sense of place:
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"์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
your ability to create places that are meaningful and places of quality and character
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ ํ’ˆ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ ค๋ฉด
01:52
depends entirely on your ability to define space with buildings,
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
and to employ the vocabularies, grammars,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
02:01
syntaxes, rhythms and patterns of architecture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
in order to inform us who we are.
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๋ฌธํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์ž๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋ฌธ์–‘, ์šด์œจ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:08
The public realm in America has two roles:
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๊ณต๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:14
it is the dwelling place of our civilization and our civic life,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ ,
02:19
and it is the physical manifestation of the common good.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ต์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And when you degrade the public realm,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉด
02:27
you will automatically degrade the quality of your civic life
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:30
and the character of all the enactments of your public life and communal life that take place there.
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์‚ถ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ์ €์งˆํ™”๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
The public realm comes mostly in the form of the street in America
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
because we don't have the 1,000-year-old cathedral plazas
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์ฒœ๋…„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ฑ๋‹น ๊ด‘์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
02:48
and market squares of older cultures.
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์˜ค๋žœ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:52
And your ability to define space and to create places that are worth caring about
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธธ๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:00
all comes from a body of culture that we call the culture of civic design.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
This is a body of knowledge, method, skill and principle
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๋„์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์น™์ด ์ด ๋ง๋ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
03:10
that we threw in the garbage after World War II
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „ ํ›„์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์— ํ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
03:15
and decided we don't need that anymore; we're not going to use it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And consequently, we can see the result all around us.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
The public realm has to inform us not only where we are geographically,
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๊ณต์ ์˜์—ญ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
03:28
but it has to inform us where we are in our culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Where we've come from, what kind of people we are, and it needs to,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
03:37
by doing that, it needs to afford us a glimpse to where we're going
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๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
in order to allow us to dwell in a hopeful present.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง์ฐฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
And if there is one tremendous --
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์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:50
if there is one great catastrophe about the places that we've built,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
the human environments we've made for ourselves in the last 50 years,
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์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฌ์•™์„ ๊ผฝ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:57
it is that it has deprived us of the ability to live in a hopeful present.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง์ฐฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:06
The environments we are living in, more typically, are like these.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
You know, this happens to be the asteroid belt of architectural garbage two miles north of my town.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 2๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
04:16
And remember, to create a place of character and quality,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ’ˆ๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:20
you have to be able to define space.
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๋จผ์ €, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
So how is that being accomplished here?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:24
If you stand on the apron of the Wal-Mart over here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์›”๋งˆํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ์„œ
04:27
and try to look at the Target store over here,
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์ด์ชฝ์˜ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ์Šคํ† ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:29
you can't see it because of the curvature of the Earth. (Laughter)
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ทธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:35
That's nature's way of telling you that you're doing a poor job of defining space.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
04:41
Consequently, these will be places that nobody wants to be in.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ์†Œ,
04:44
These will be places that are not worth caring about.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
We have about, you know, 38,000 places
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€
04:51
that are not worth caring about in the United States today.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์•ฝ 3๋งŒ 8์ฒœ์—ฌ๊ณณ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
When we have enough of them, we're going to have a nation that's not worth defending.
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๊ณ„์† ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:59
And I want you to think about that when you think about
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์ด๋ผํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์—ญ๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
05:03
those young men and women who are over in places like Iraq,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:05
spilling their blood in the sand,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:07
and ask yourself, "What is their last thought of home?"
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ตญ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
05:12
I hope it's not the curb cut between the Chuck E. Cheese and the Target store
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ฒ˜ํ‚ค์น˜์ฆˆ์™€ ํƒ€์ผ“์Šคํ† ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋„๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
because that's not good enough for Americans to be spilling their blood for. (Applause)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋”ฐ์œ„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:22
We need better places in this country.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Public space. This is a good public space.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
It's a place worth caring about. It's well defined.
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์•„๋‚„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”, ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
It is emphatically an outdoor public room.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‹ค์™ธ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ผ์šด์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
It has something that is terribly important --
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ์—” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:36
it has what's called an active and permeable membrane around the edge.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๋ช…๋ง‰์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
That's a fancy way of saying it's got shops, bars, bistros, destinations --
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ, ๋ฐ”, ์‹๋‹น๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:44
things go in and out of it. It's permeable.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๋ฝ๋‚ ๋ฝ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:47
The beer goes in and out, the waitresses go in and out,
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๋งฅ์ฃผ๋„ ์‹ค๋‚ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์„œ๋น™๋„ ์•ˆ, ๋ฐ– ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
and that activates the center of this place and makes it a place that people want to hang out in.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:55
You know, in these places in other cultures,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
05:59
people just go there voluntarily because they like them.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:03
We don't have to have a craft fair here to get people to come here. (Laughter)
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ ๋”ฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:06
You know, you don't have to have a Kwanzaa festival.
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์ฝด์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๋– ๋“ค์ฉํ•œ ์ถ•์ œ๋„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
06:09
People just go because it's pleasurable to be there.
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์•Œ์•„์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:13
But this is how we do it in the United States.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Probably the most significant public space failure in America,
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
designed by the leading architects of the day, Harry Cobb and I.M. Pei:
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ์ฝฅ๊ณผ I.M.ํŽ˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ
06:25
Boston City Hall Plaza.
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๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ์‹œ์ฒญ ๊ด‘์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
A public place so dismal that the winos don't even want to go there. (Laughter)
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋‚˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์Œ์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ์ง€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:33
And we can't fix it because I.M. Pei's still alive,
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I.M.ํŽ˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋œฏ์–ด ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
06:36
and every year Harvard and M.I.T. have a joint committee to repair it.
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๋งค๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋“œ์™€ MIT์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ• ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
06:39
And every year they fail to because they don't want to hurt I.M. Pei's feelings.
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๋ฒˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ฃ , ํŽ˜์ด์”จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:43
This is the other side of the building.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์‹œ์ฒญ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
This was the winner of an international design award in, I think, 1966, something like that.
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1966๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ฏค์— ์„ธ๊ณ„๋””์ž์ธ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„๊ถŒํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
It wasn't Pei and Cobb, another firm designed this,
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ํŽ˜์ด์™€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์ฝฅ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งก์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
but there's not enough Prozac in the world to make people feel OK about going down this block.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ž‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์–ด๋„ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ "๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:04
This is the back of Boston City Hall,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์‹œ์ฒญ ๋’ท์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
the most important, you know, significant civic building in Albany -- excuse me -- in Boston.
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์•Œ๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And what is the message that is coming,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:16
what are the vocabularies and grammars that are coming, from this building
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:19
and how is it informing us about who we are?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:22
This, in fact, would be a better building if we put mosaic portraits
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์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ, ํดํฟ, ํ›„์„ธ์ธ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
07:26
of Josef Stalin, Pol Pot, Saddam Hussein,
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๋ชจ๋“  20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํญ๊ตฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ
07:31
and all the other great despots of the 20th century on the side of the building,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฒฝ์—๋‹ค ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ๋†จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
because then we'd honestly be saying what the building is really communicating to us.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์†”์งํžˆ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
You know, that it's a despotic building;
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ํญ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ! ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:41
it wants us to feel like termites. (Laughter)
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์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ข€ ๋จน๋Š” ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:49
This is it on a smaller scale:
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
the back of the civic center in my town, Saratoga Springs, New York.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ์ƒˆ๋Ÿฌํ† ๊ฐ€์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผํšŒ๊ด€ ๋’ค์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
By the way, when I showed this slide to a group of Kiwanians in my town,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค ํ‚ค์™€๋‹ˆ์Šค (๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋‹จ์ฒด) ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:00
they all rose in indignation from their creamed chicken, (Laughter)
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ํฌ๋ฆผ ์น˜ํ‚จ์„ ๋จน๋‹ค๋ง๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋“ค ๋ถ„๊ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:05
and they shouted at me and said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š”, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
"It was raining that day when you took that picture!"
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"๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ž–์†Œ!'
08:12
Because this was perceived to be a weather problem. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:24
You know, this is a building designed like a DVD player. (Laughter)
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ๋•Œ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ DVD ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:29
Audio jack, power supply --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค์žญ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜...
08:34
and look, you know these things are important architectural jobs for firms, right?
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ํ—Œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋””์ž์ธํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
08:39
You know, we hire firms to design these things.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์ „๋ฌธํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์˜๋ขฐํ•˜์ฃ .
08:41
You can see exactly what went on, three o'clock in the morning at the design meeting.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„์ง„ ๋ป”ํ•˜์ฃ . ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 3์‹œ์— ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ํšŒ์˜.
08:45
You know, eight hours before deadline,
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๋งˆ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋žด๋ถ€๋žด ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํšŒ์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
four architects trying to get this building in on time, right?
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๋„ค ๋ช…์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฅ์–ด์งค ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์š”.
08:51
And they're sitting there at the long boardroom table
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜์™€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์ง€๋Ÿฝํ˜€์ง„
08:54
with all the drawings, and the renderings,
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๊ธธ๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ž„์›ํšŒ์˜์šฉ ์ฑ…์ƒ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
08:56
and all the Chinese food caskets are lying on the table, and --
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์‹ธ๊ตฌ๋ ค ํ…Œ์ดํฌ์•„์›ƒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ...
09:00
I mean, what was the conversation that was going on there? (Laughter)
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ œ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ”๊ฒ ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:04
Because you know what the last word was, what the last sentence was of that meeting.
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๋ง‰ํŒ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋“ค์ด ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ž€
09:09
It was: "Fuck it." (Laughter) (Applause)
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'์  ์žฅ. ์—ฟ์ด๋‚˜ ๋จน์–ด๋ผ!' ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:16
That -- that is the message of this form of architecture.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:22
The message is: We don't give a fuck! We don't give a fuck.
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์ฒ™ ๋ด๋„, '์  ์žฅ. ์—ฟ์ด๋‚˜ ๋จน์–ด!' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
09:28
So I went back on the nicest day of the year, just to --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‚ ์”จ ์ข‹์€๋‚ 
09:31
you know -- do some reality testing,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ตฌ์š”.
09:33
and in fact, he will not even go down there because (Laughter)
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๊ทผ๋ฐ, ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ €์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
09:37
it's not interesting enough for his clients,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๋„, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:39
you know, the burglars, the muggers.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋„๋‘‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋“ค๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
It's not civically rich enough for them to go down there.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
OK.
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ง€์š”.
09:49
The pattern of Main Street USA --
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
in fact, this pattern of building downtown blocks, all over the world, is fairly universal.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
It's not that complicated:
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•  ๊ฑฐ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:59
buildings more than one story high, built out to the sidewalk edge,
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๋Œ€์ถฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ 1์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ง“๊ณ , ๋„๋ณด์— ๋‹ฟ๋„๋ก ๋Š˜์–ด์„œ์ง€์š”.
10:05
so that people who are, you know, all kinds of people can get into the building.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
10:08
Other activities are allowed to occur upstairs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์œ—์ธต์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€
10:12
you know, apartments, offices, and so on.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž…์ฃผํ•ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:15
You make provision for this activity called shopping on the ground floor.
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์ง€์ƒ ์ธต์—๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:19
They haven't learned that in Monterey.
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๋ชฌํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:21
If you go out to the corner right at the main intersection right in front of this conference center,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
10:25
you'll see an intersection with four blank walls on every corner.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ‹๋ฐ‹ํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:28
It's really incredible.
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์ •๋ง ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:30
Anyway, this is how you compose and assemble a downtown business building,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
and this is what happened when in Glens Falls, New York,
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์ด๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๊ธ€๋ Œ์Šคํด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
when we tried to do it again, where it was missing, right?
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
So the first thing they do is they pop up the retail a half a story above grade to make it sporty.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ˜ ์ธต ์ •๋„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” "์Šคํฌํ‹ฐ"ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ตฌ์š”.
10:45
OK. That completely destroys the relationship between the business and the sidewalk,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์šฉ๋„์™€ ๋„๋ณด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
10:51
where the theoretical pedestrians are. (Laughter)
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๋„๋ณด๋ž€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:54
Of course, they'll never be there, as long as this is in that condition.
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์•„, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:58
Then because the relationship between the retail is destroyed,
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:02
we pop a handicapped ramp on that,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žฅ์• ์ธ์šฉ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
and then to make ourselves feel better, we put a nature Band-Aid in front of it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  "์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋•œ์งˆ"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ๋ถ™์˜€์ง€์š”.
11:09
And that's how we do it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:11
I call them "nature Band-Aids" because there's a general idea in America
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ "์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋•œ์งˆ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์œ ์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:15
that the remedy for mutilated urbanism is nature.
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๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋„์‹ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ "์ž์—ฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:20
And in fact, the remedy for wounded and mutilated urbanism is good urbanism, good buildings.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ›ผ์†๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋„์‹œํ™”์™€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Not just flower beds, not just cartoons of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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๊ฝƒ๋ฐญ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์—๋ผ ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:33
You know, that's not good enough.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆผ์—†์ฃ .
11:34
We have to do good buildings.
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
The street trees have really four jobs to do and that's it:
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๊ฐ€๋กœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ฃ .
11:39
To spatially denote the pedestrian realm,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ
11:42
to protect the pedestrians from the vehicles in the carriageway,
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๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:47
to filter the sunlight onto the sidewalk,
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๋„๋ณด์— ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ,
11:50
and to soften the hardscape of the buildings
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ ,
11:52
and to create a ceiling -- a vaulted ceiling -- over the street, at its best.
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ„ ์ง€๋ถ• ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •๋„์ด์ง€์š”.
11:56
And that's it. Those are the four jobs of the street trees.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
They're not supposed to be a cartoon of the North Woods;
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๋…ธ์Šค์šฐ๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ ๋งŒํ™”์ด์–ด๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ ,
12:03
they're not supposed to be a set for "The Last of the Mohicans."
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"๋ชจํžˆ์นธ ์กฑ์˜ ์ตœํ›„(The Last of the Mohicas)" ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์…‹ํŠธ์žฅ์ด์–ด๋„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
You know, one of the problems with the fiasco of suburbia is that it destroyed our understanding
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ต์™ธ์ฃผํƒ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋‚ญํŒจ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:16
of the distinction between the country and the town, between the urban and the rural.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋„์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ง์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
They're not the same thing.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
And we're not going to cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ณจ์„ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
which is what a lot of us are trying to do all the time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:28
Here you see it on a small scale -- the mothership has landed,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ถ•์†ŒํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”, ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ๋ชจํ•จ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
R2-D2 and C-3PO have stepped out to test the bark mulch
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R2-D2, C-3PO๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜์™€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊น”์•„ ๋†“์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:38
to see if they can inhabit this planet. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:43
A lot of this comes from the fact that the industrial city in America was such a trauma
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
12:48
that we developed this tremendous aversion for the whole idea of the city,
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋„์‹œ์ƒํ™œ, ๊ทธ์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ
12:52
city life, and everything connected with it.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
And so what you see fairly early, in the mid-19th century,
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๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์ธ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์„ธ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
12:59
is this idea that we now have to have an antidote to the industrial city,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฐ์—…๋„์‹œ์— ํ•ด๋…์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:03
which is going to be life in the country for everybody.
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์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด์ง€์š”.
13:06
And that starts to be delivered in the form of the railroad suburb:
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๋จผ์ € ์ฒ ๊ธธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
the country villa along the railroad line,
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์ฒ ๊ธธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋นŒ๋ผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
which allows people to enjoy the amenity of the city,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์—
13:16
but to return to the countryside every night.
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:18
And believe me, there were no Wal-Marts or convenience stores out there then,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์›”๋งˆํŠธ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์˜์  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:21
so it really was a form of country living.
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์ง„์งœ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:23
But what happens is, of course, it mutates over the next 80 years
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ›„ 80๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์ฃ .
13:27
and it turns into something rather insidious.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ ์  ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
It becomes a cartoon of a country house, in a cartoon of the country.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ’์ž์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง‘์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
And that's the great non-articulated agony of suburbia
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์™ธ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
and one of the reasons that it lends itself to ridicule.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์›ƒ์Œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
13:41
Because it hasn't delivered what it's been promising for half a century now.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And these are typically the kind of dwellings we find there, you know.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
Basically, a house with nothing on the side
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์— ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
because this house wants to state, emphatically,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ง‘์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
"I'm a little cabin in the woods. There's nothing on either side of me.
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆฒ ์†์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”."
13:58
I don't have any eyes on the side of my head. I can't see."
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"๋‚ด ์œ„์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
14:02
So you have this one last facade of the house,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
the front, which is really a cartoon of a facade of a house.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
Because -- notice the porch here.
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์™œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ˜„๊ด€์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:09
Unless the people that live here are Munchkins, nobody's going to be using that.
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์˜ค์ฆˆ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์Ÿ์ด์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
This is really, in fact, a television broadcasting a show 24/7 called "We're Normal."
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์ •๋ง TV์—์„œ ์ข…์ผ "์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
We're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.
14:25
Please respect us, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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์šฐ๋ฆด ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด์—์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด์—์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด์—์š”.
14:27
But we know what's going on in these houses, you know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:29
We know that little Skippy is loading his Uzi down here,
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์ž‘์€ ๊ผฌ๋งน์ด๋Š” ์š”๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์„ ์žฅ์ „ํ•ด์„œ
14:33
getting ready for homeroom. (Laughter)
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ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:37
We know that Heather, his sister Heather, 14 years old,
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14์‚ด ๋จน์€ ๋ˆ„๋‚˜ ํ—ค๋”๋Š”
14:40
is turning tricks up here to support her drug habit.
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์š”๊ธฐ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
Because these places, these habitats,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
14:46
are inducing immense amounts of anxiety and depression in children,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
and they don't have a lot of experience with medication.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ฝ์„ ์ ‘ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
14:55
So they take the first one that comes along, often.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋น ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
These are not good enough for Americans.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
These are the schools we are sending them to:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
The Hannibal Lecter Central School, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ "ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ ๋ ‰ํ„ฐ ์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ์Šค์ฟจ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
This is a real school!
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์ด๊ฑฐ, ์ง„์งœ ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
You know, but there's obviously a notion that if you let the inmates of this thing out,
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
15:14
that they would snatch a motorist off the street and eat his liver.
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๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์Šต๊ฒฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นผ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
15:18
So every effort is made to keep them within the building.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ชป๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์ฃ .
15:23
Notice that nature is present. (Laughter)
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์ž˜ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:30
We're going to have to change this behavior whether we like it or not.
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์ข‹๋“  ์‹ซ๋“ , ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
We are entering an epochal period of change in the world, and -- certainly in America
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”.
15:37
-- the period that will be characterized by the end of the cheap oil era.
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์‹ธ๊ตฌ๋ ค ์„์œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ข…๋ง๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:42
It is going to change absolutely everything.
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์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
Chris asked me not to go on too long about this, and I won't,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋žฌ์–ด์š”. ์•ˆํ• ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
15:49
except to say there's not going to be a hydrogen economy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์•ˆ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
Forget it. It's not going to happen.
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์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
We're going to have to do something else instead.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
We're going to have to down-scale, re-scale, and re-size
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
virtually everything we do in this country and we can't start soon enough to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:05
We're going to have -- (Applause) -- we're going to have to live closer to where we work.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ....(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)... ์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
We're going to have to live closer to each other.
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์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
16:11
We're going have to grow more food closer to where we live.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
16:15
The age of the 3,000 mile Caesar salad is coming to an end.
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3์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์˜จ ์‹œ์ €์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
We're going to have to -- we have a railroad system that the Bulgarians would be ashamed of!
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์ฑ™ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
16:25
We gotta do better than that!
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๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
16:27
And we should have started two days before yesterday.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ‹€์€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
We are fortunate that the new urbanists were there, for the last 10 years,
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์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹คํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
excavating all that information that was thrown in the garbage
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์— ์ฒ˜๋ฐ•์•„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
16:39
by our parents' generation after World War II.
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์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Because we're going to need it if we're going to learn how to reconstruct towns.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:44
We're going to need to get back this body of methodology and principle and skill
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
16:50
in order to re-learn how to compose meaningful places, places that are integral,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ์›์น™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
that allow -- that are living organisms in the sense that they contain all the organs of our civic life
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:03
and our communal life, deployed in an integral fashion.
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
So that, you know, the residences make sense
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด
17:11
deployed in relation to the places of business, of culture and of governance.
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์ƒ๊ฐ€, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ด€๊ณต์„œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
We're going to have to re-learn what the building blocks of these things are:
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
17:20
the street, the block, how to compose public space that's both large and small,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€.
17:26
the courtyard, the civic square
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์•ˆ๋งˆ๋‹น, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ด‘์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ณ ,
17:29
and how to really make use of this property.
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
We can see some of the first ideas
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์žฌ์•™์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”
17:35
for retro-fitting some of the catastrophic property that we have in America.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
The dead malls: what are we going to do with them?
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์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ. ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:43
Well, in point of fact, most of them are not going to make it.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
They're not going to be retro-fitted;
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
they're going to be the salvage yards of the future.
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์•„๋งˆ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
17:49
Some of them we're going to fix, though.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
And we're going to fix them by imposing back on them street and block systems
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
and returning to the building lot as the normal increment of development.
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ถ€์ง€๋กœ ํ™˜์›ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
18:01
And if we're lucky, the result will be revivified town centers and neighborhood centers
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์‹œ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜
18:07
in our existing towns and cities.
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ํƒ€์šด์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผํšŒ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
And by the way, our towns and cities are where they are, and grew where they were
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
because they occupy all the important sites.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ช…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๊ณ ,
18:16
And most of them are still going to be there,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
although the scale of them is probably going to be diminished.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
We've got a lot of work to do.
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ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
We're not going to be rescued by the hyper-car; we're not going to be rescued by alternative fuels.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ดˆํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
No amount or combination of alternative fuels
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๋Œ€์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์•„๋„, ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ•ด๋„
18:34
is going to allow us to continue running what we're running, the way we're running it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
We're going to have to do everything very differently.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
And America's not prepared.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:43
We are sleepwalking into the future.
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๋ชฝ์œ ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:46
We're not ready for what's coming at us.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฅ์น  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
So I urge you all to do what you can.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์ž ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
Life in the mid-21st century is going to be about living locally.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
Be prepared to be good neighbors.
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์„œ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์›ƒ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
19:02
Be prepared to find vocations that make you useful
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๊ฐ์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์นœ์• ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
19:07
to your neighbors and to your fellow citizens.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
19:09
One final thing -- I've been very disturbed about this for years,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ -- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
19:12
but I think it's particularly important for this audience.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์ธ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค๊ป˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
Please, please, stop referring to yourselves as "consumers." OK?
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์ œ๋ฐœ, ์ œ๋ฐœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์„ "์†Œ๋น„์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
19:21
Consumers are different than citizens.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
Consumers do not have obligations, responsibilities and duties
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ
19:28
to their fellow human beings.
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์˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์–ด์š”.
19:30
And as long as you're using that word consumer in the public discussion,
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๊ณต๊ณตํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ž๊พธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
19:33
you will be degrading the quality of the discussion we're having.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํ’ˆ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
And we're going to continue being clueless
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
19:40
going into this very difficult future that we face.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฌด์ค‘ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
So thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
Please go out and do what you can to make this a land full of places that are worth caring about
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€์…”์„œ ์ด๋•…์ด ์ •๋ง ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ,
19:50
and a nation that will be worth defending. (Applause)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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