Why the "wrong side of the tracks" is usually the east side of cities | Stephen DeBerry

179,447 views ใƒป 2018-09-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Talia Breuer ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I came to talk about first principles
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
00:15
and communities that I love --
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ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘--
00:17
especially East Palo Alto, California,
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื–ืจื— ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื•, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
00:20
which is full of amazing people.
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ืฉืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:23
It's also a community that's oddly separated
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื”
00:26
by the 101 freeway that runs through Silicon Valley.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžืกืคืจ 101 ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.
00:29
On the west side of the freeway in Palo Alto are the "haves,"
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”"ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืืด,
00:33
on just about any dimension you can think of:
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ:
00:35
education, income, access to water.
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื.
00:38
On the east side of the freeway are the "have-nots."
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืดืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืืด.
00:41
And even if you don't know East Palo Alto,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžื–ืจื— ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื•,
00:43
you might know the story of eastside disparity,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืขืจื‘,
00:46
whether it's the separation of the railroad tracks in East Pittsburgh
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’
00:50
or the Grosse Pointe Gate in East Detroit
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ืื• ืฉืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืก ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜
00:53
or East St. Louis, East Oakland, East Philly.
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ืื• ืžื–ืจื— ืกื ื˜ ืœื•ืื™ืก, ืžื–ืจื— ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืžื–ืจื— ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื”.
00:56
Why is it that communities on the social, economic and environmental margin
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
01:01
tend to be on the east sides of places?
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ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช?
01:05
Turns out,
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ,
01:06
it's the wind.
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ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—.
01:09
If you look at the Earth from the North Pole,
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™,
01:11
you'd see that it rotates counterclockwise.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ.
01:13
The impact of this
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”
01:15
is that the winds in the northern and the southern hemispheres
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™
01:18
blow in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth --
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ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ--
01:21
to the east.
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ืžื–ืจื—ื”.
01:22
A way to think about this is:
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื›ื”:
01:24
imagine you're sitting around a campfire.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืจื”.
01:26
You've got to seat 10 people, you've got to keep everyone warm.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ 10 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ื.
01:29
The question is: Who sits with the smoky wind blowing in their face?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: ืžื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•?
01:33
And the answer is:
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื:
01:34
people with less power.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—.
01:37
This campfire dynamic is what's playing out in cities,
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ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
01:39
not just in the US, but all around the world:
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื:
01:42
East London; the east side of Paris is this way;
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ืžื–ืจื— ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ; ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื– ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”;
01:45
East Jerusalem.
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ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
01:46
Even down the street from where we're sitting right now,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข,
01:49
the marginalized community is East Vancouver.
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ.
01:52
I'm not the only one to notice this.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš.
01:54
I nerded on this hard, for years.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื.
01:56
And I finally found a group of economic historians in the UK
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”
02:00
who modeled industrial-era smokestack dispersion.
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ืืฉืจ ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขืฉืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™.
02:03
And they came to the same conclusion mathematically
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช
02:06
that I'd come to as an anthropologist,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ื›ืื ืชืจื•ืคืœื•ื’,
02:08
which is: wind and pollution are driving marginalized communities to the east.
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ื•ื”ื™ื: ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื—.
02:13
The dominant logic of the industrial era
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ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
02:16
is about disparity.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืขืจื™ื.
02:18
It's about haves and have-nots, and that's become part of our culture.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื, ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:21
That's why you know exactly what I'm talking about
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ
02:24
if I tell you someone's from the "wrong side of the tracks."
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ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืดื”ืฆื“ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืืด.
02:27
That phrase comes from the direction that wind would blow dirty train smoke --
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื— ืชื ืชื‘ ืขืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช--
02:31
to the east, usually.
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ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
02:34
I'm not saying every single community in the east is on the margin,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื,
02:37
or every community on the margin is in the east,
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ืื• ืฉื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื—,
02:40
but I'm trying to make a bigger point about disparity by design.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืขืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื.
02:44
So if you find yourself talking about any cardinal direction
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื™
02:47
of a freeway, a river, some train tracks,
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ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื ื”ืจ, ืคืกื™ ืจื›ื‘ืช,
02:51
you're talking about an eastside community.
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ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™.
02:54
Now, the wind is obviously a natural phenomenon.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืคืœื ื˜ื‘ืข.
02:58
But the human design decisions that we make to separate ourselves
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•
03:02
is not natural.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
03:04
Consider the fact that every eastside community in the United States
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ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืจื”ืดื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™
03:08
was built during the era of legal segregation.
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ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
03:11
We clearly weren't even trying to design for the benefit of everyone,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื,
03:15
so we ended up dealing with issues like redlining.
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ืื– ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
03:18
This is where the government literally created maps
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืคื•ืช
03:21
to tell bankers where they shouldn't lend.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื ืงืื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช.
03:23
These are some of those actual maps.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืช.
03:25
And you'll notice how the red tends to be clustered
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘
03:28
on the east sides of these cities.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื.
03:32
Those financial design decisions became a self-fulfilling prophecy:
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืžื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”:
03:36
no loans turned into low property tax base
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ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื ืžื•ืš
03:39
and that bled into worse schools and a less well-prepared workforce,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืจืจ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื, ื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจ,
03:44
and -- lo and behold -- lower incomes.
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ื•-- ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื”ืคืชืขื”-- ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
03:46
It means that you can't qualify for a loan.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.
03:49
Just a vicious downward spiral.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืœืื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช.
03:51
And that's just the case with lending.
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ื•ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช.
03:53
We've made similarly sinister design decisions on any number of issues,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืฉืขื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
03:57
from water infrastructure
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื™ื
03:59
to where we decide to place grocery stores versus liquor stores,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ,
04:03
or even for whom and how we design and fund technology products.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืžืžื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
04:09
Collectively, this list of harms
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื
04:13
is the artifact of our more primitive selves.
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ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:17
I don't think this is how we'd want to be remembered,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ,
04:20
but this is basically what we've been doing
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
04:22
to eastside communities for the last century.
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ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
04:26
The good news is, it doesn't have to be this way.
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ื”.
04:29
We got ourselves into this eastside dilemma
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ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื“ื™ืœืžืช ื”ืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื—ื™
04:31
through bad design,
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ื“ืจืš ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข,
04:33
and so we can get out of it with good design.
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:35
And I believe the first principle of good design is actually really simple:
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜:
04:39
we have to start with the commitment to design for the benefit of everyone.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื.
04:43
So, remember the campfire metaphor.
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ืื–, ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ืžื˜ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื”.
04:46
If we want to benefit everyone, maybe we just sit in a horseshoe,
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ืื ื ืจืฆื” ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคืจืกื”,
04:49
so nobody gets the smoke in their face.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืฉืŸ ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ.
04:52
I've got to make a note to the gentrifiers,
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ืจืง ื”ืขืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”
04:54
because the point of this image is not to say
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื
04:56
you get to roll into eastside communities and just move people out of the way,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื“ืจืš,
05:00
because you don't.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื.
05:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:02
But the point is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื,
05:04
if you start with this first principle of benefiting everyone,
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ืฉืื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ,
05:07
then elegant solutions may become more obvious than you assume.
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ืื– ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื.
05:12
What are the elegant solutions to close this gap
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ืžื”ื ืื•ืชื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ
05:15
between Palo Alto and East Palo Alto in Silicon Valley?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื• ืœืžื–ืจื— ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื• ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ?
05:19
I've got to like the odds of starting with EPA [East Palo Alto].
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ืืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืดื (ืžื–ืจื— ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื•).
05:22
It's in the middle of Silicon Valley, the epicenter of innovation
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช
05:26
and wealth creation.
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ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ.
05:27
If we can solve this problem anywhere, it ought to be here.
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ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื™ืคืฉื”ื•, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
05:31
And if we can solve the problems for EPA,
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ื•ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืดื,
05:33
we could apply those solutions to other eastside communities.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
05:36
If you think about it, it's actually a massive investment opportunity
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ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ื‘ื“ื”
05:41
and an opportunity to drive policy change and philanthropy.
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ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”.
05:47
But at the core, it's this fundamental design principle,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™,
05:50
this choice of whether we're going to decide to take care of everyone.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
05:56
And it's a choice we can make, loved ones.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช, ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื™.
05:59
We've got the capital.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื.
06:01
We've got technology on our side,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ื ื•,
06:03
and it keeps getting better.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ.
06:04
We've got some of the best entrepreneurs in the world in this building
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:08
and in these communities right now.
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ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:11
But the fundamental question is: What are we designing for?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื?
06:14
More haves and have-nots? More disparity?
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื? ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขืจื™ื?
06:17
Or parity,
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ืื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
06:19
the choice to come together.
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืื—ื“.
06:22
Because the reality is, this is not the industrial era.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
06:27
We don't live in the era of legal segregation.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
06:32
So the punchline is, there is no wrong side of the tracks.
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ืื– ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื.
06:36
And all I'm saying is,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”,
06:38
we should design our economy and our communities with that in mind.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
06:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
06:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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