Why the "wrong side of the tracks" is usually the east side of cities | Stephen DeBerry

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2018-09-12 ใƒป TED


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Why the "wrong side of the tracks" is usually the east side of cities | Stephen DeBerry

180,331 views ใƒป 2018-09-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyungmin Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I came to talk about first principles
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™๊ณผ
00:15
and communities that I love --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ค‘
00:17
especially East Palo Alto, California,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ์•Œํ† ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”
00:20
which is full of amazing people.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
It's also a community that's oddly separated
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” 101๋ฒˆ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:26
by the 101 freeway that runs through Silicon Valley.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:29
On the west side of the freeway in Palo Alto are the "haves,"
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์„œ๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ์•Œํ† ๋Š” "๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋“ค"์ด์ฃ .
00:33
on just about any dimension you can think of:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
00:35
education, income, access to water.
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๊ต์œก, ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
On the east side of the freeway are the "have-nots."
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ์•Œํ† ๋Š” "๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ž๋“ค"์ด์ฃ .
00:41
And even if you don't know East Palo Alto,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋”๋ผ๋„
00:43
you might know the story of eastside disparity,
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๋™๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
whether it's the separation of the railroad tracks in East Pittsburgh
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์ฒ ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ๋™๋ถ€ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€
00:50
or the Grosse Pointe Gate in East Detroit
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๊ทธ๋กœ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ •๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ถ€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ,
00:53
or East St. Louis, East Oakland, East Philly.
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๋™๋ถ€ ์„ธ์ธํŠธ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค, ๋™๋ถ€ ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ, ๋™๋ถ€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:56
Why is it that communities on the social, economic and environmental margin
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
01:01
tend to be on the east sides of places?
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๋™์ชฝ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:05
Turns out,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:06
it's the wind.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
If you look at the Earth from the North Pole,
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๋ถ๊ทน์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:11
you'd see that it rotates counterclockwise.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‹œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
The impact of this
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:15
is that the winds in the northern and the southern hemispheres
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๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€
01:18
blow in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth --
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์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ธ ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
to the east.
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01:22
A way to think about this is:
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
01:24
imagine you're sitting around a campfire.
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๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
You've got to seat 10 people, you've got to keep everyone warm.
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10๋ช…์„ ์•‰ํ˜€์•ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
The question is: Who sits with the smoky wind blowing in their face?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:33
And the answer is:
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:34
people with less power.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:37
This campfire dynamic is what's playing out in cities,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
not just in the US, but all around the world:
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:42
East London; the east side of Paris is this way;
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋™๋ถ€, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:45
East Jerusalem.
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜ ๋™๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Even down the street from where we're sitting right now,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋žซ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:49
the marginalized community is East Vancouver.
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๋ฒค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋™๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
I'm not the only one to notice this.
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์ € ํ˜ผ์ž๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
I nerded on this hard, for years.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ „ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And I finally found a group of economic historians in the UK
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตด๋šํ™•์‚ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•œ
02:00
who modeled industrial-era smokestack dispersion.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And they came to the same conclusion mathematically
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ
02:06
that I'd come to as an anthropologist,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
which is: wind and pollution are driving marginalized communities to the east.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
The dominant logic of the industrial era
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:16
is about disparity.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It's about haves and have-nots, and that's become part of our culture.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:21
That's why you know exactly what I'm talking about
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ "์ฒ ๋กœ์˜ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ชฝ(๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ)"์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:24
if I tell you someone's from the "wrong side of the tracks."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
That phrase comes from the direction that wind would blow dirty train smoke --
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด
02:31
to the east, usually.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
I'm not saying every single community in the east is on the margin,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:37
or every community on the margin is in the east,
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๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
but I'm trying to make a bigger point about disparity by design.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์Ÿ์ ์€ ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
So if you find yourself talking about any cardinal direction
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ, ๊ฐ• ๋˜๋Š”
02:47
of a freeway, a river, some train tracks,
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์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:51
you're talking about an eastside community.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Now, the wind is obviously a natural phenomenon.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
But the human design decisions that we make to separate ourselves
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฒฐ์ •์€
03:02
is not natural.
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:04
Consider the fact that every eastside community in the United States
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
03:08
was built during the era of legal segregation.
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์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:11
We clearly weren't even trying to design for the benefit of everyone,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
so we ended up dealing with issues like redlining.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:18
This is where the government literally created maps
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ถœํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด
03:21
to tell bankers where they shouldn't lend.
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์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
These are some of those actual maps.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€๋„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And you'll notice how the red tends to be clustered
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
03:28
on the east sides of these cities.
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๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Those financial design decisions became a self-fulfilling prophecy:
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:36
no loans turned into low property tax base
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๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณผ์„ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜์ง€์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
and that bled into worse schools and a less well-prepared workforce,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:44
and -- lo and behold -- lower incomes.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
03:46
It means that you can't qualify for a loan.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ 
03:49
Just a vicious downward spiral.
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์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:51
And that's just the case with lending.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
We've made similarly sinister design decisions on any number of issues,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
from water infrastructure
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์ˆ˜์ž์› ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:59
to where we decide to place grocery stores versus liquor stores,
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ํŒ๋งค์  ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:03
or even for whom and how we design and fund technology products.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:09
Collectively, this list of harms
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์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํํ•ด๋“ค์€
04:13
is the artifact of our more primitive selves.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
I don't think this is how we'd want to be remembered,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ›„์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
but this is basically what we've been doing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„
04:22
to eastside communities for the last century.
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๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ €์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
The good news is, it doesn't have to be this way.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:29
We got ourselves into this eastside dilemma
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋™๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:31
through bad design,
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04:33
and so we can get out of it with good design.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And I believe the first principle of good design is actually really simple:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์›์น™์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
we have to start with the commitment to design for the benefit of everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์ง์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:43
So, remember the campfire metaphor.
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๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
04:46
If we want to benefit everyone, maybe we just sit in a horseshoe,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ง๊ตฝ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์•‰์œผ๋ฉด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
so nobody gets the smoke in their face.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:52
I've got to make a note to the gentrifiers,
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ๋‘๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
because the point of this image is not to say
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์š”์ ์€ ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
04:56
you get to roll into eastside communities and just move people out of the way,
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๋ญ‰๋šฑ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
because you don't.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:02
But the point is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ ์€
05:04
if you start with this first principle of benefiting everyone,
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›์น™์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:07
then elegant solutions may become more obvious than you assume.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ถœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
What are the elegant solutions to close this gap
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ† ์™€ ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ†  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
05:15
between Palo Alto and East Palo Alto in Silicon Valley?
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๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:19
I've got to like the odds of starting with EPA [East Palo Alto].
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์ „ ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ† ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
It's in the middle of Silicon Valley, the epicenter of innovation
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๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ† ๋Š” ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ
05:26
and wealth creation.
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
If we can solve this problem anywhere, it ought to be here.
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๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And if we can solve the problems for EPA,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ถ€ ํŒ”๋กœ ์•Œํ† ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:33
we could apply those solutions to other eastside communities.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
If you think about it, it's actually a massive investment opportunity
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์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
and an opportunity to drive policy change and philanthropy.
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์ž์„ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
But at the core, it's this fundamental design principle,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์›์น™์ด๊ณ 
05:50
this choice of whether we're going to decide to take care of everyone.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
And it's a choice we can make, loved ones.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒ์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
05:59
We've got the capital.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
We've got technology on our side,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ,
06:03
and it keeps getting better.
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๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:04
We've got some of the best entrepreneurs in the world in this building
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ œ์ผ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์ด
06:08
and in these communities right now.
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:11
But the fundamental question is: What are we designing for?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ "๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?"์ฃ .
06:14
More haves and have-nots? More disparity?
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๊ฐ€์ง„์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋” ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด?
06:17
Or parity,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์œ„ํ•ด?
06:19
the choice to come together.
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์„ ํƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ขํ˜€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Because the reality is, this is not the industrial era.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:27
We don't live in the era of legal segregation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ œ๋„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
So the punchline is, there is no wrong side of the tracks.
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์š”์ ์€ ์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์œ„์น˜๋ž€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And all I'm saying is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:38
we should design our economy and our communities with that in mind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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