Why the "wrong side of the tracks" is usually the east side of cities | Stephen DeBerry

179,045 views ・ 2018-09-12

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00:12
I came to talk about first principles
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and communities that I love --
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especially East Palo Alto, California,
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which is full of amazing people.
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It's also a community that's oddly separated
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by the 101 freeway that runs through Silicon Valley.
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On the west side of the freeway in Palo Alto are the "haves,"
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on just about any dimension you can think of:
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education, income, access to water.
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On the east side of the freeway are the "have-nots."
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And even if you don't know East Palo Alto,
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you might know the story of eastside disparity,
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whether it's the separation of the railroad tracks in East Pittsburgh
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or the Grosse Pointe Gate in East Detroit
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or East St. Louis, East Oakland, East Philly.
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Why is it that communities on the social, economic and environmental margin
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tend to be on the east sides of places?
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Turns out,
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it's the wind.
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If you look at the Earth from the North Pole,
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you'd see that it rotates counterclockwise.
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The impact of this
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is that the winds in the northern and the southern hemispheres
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blow in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth --
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to the east.
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A way to think about this is:
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imagine you're sitting around a campfire.
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You've got to seat 10 people, you've got to keep everyone warm.
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The question is: Who sits with the smoky wind blowing in their face?
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And the answer is:
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people with less power.
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This campfire dynamic is what's playing out in cities,
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not just in the US, but all around the world:
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East London; the east side of Paris is this way;
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East Jerusalem.
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Even down the street from where we're sitting right now,
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the marginalized community is East Vancouver.
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I'm not the only one to notice this.
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I nerded on this hard, for years.
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And I finally found a group of economic historians in the UK
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who modeled industrial-era smokestack dispersion.
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And they came to the same conclusion mathematically
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that I'd come to as an anthropologist,
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which is: wind and pollution are driving marginalized communities to the east.
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The dominant logic of the industrial era
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is about disparity.
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It's about haves and have-nots, and that's become part of our culture.
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That's why you know exactly what I'm talking about
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if I tell you someone's from the "wrong side of the tracks."
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That phrase comes from the direction that wind would blow dirty train smoke --
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to the east, usually.
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I'm not saying every single community in the east is on the margin,
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or every community on the margin is in the east,
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but I'm trying to make a bigger point about disparity by design.
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So if you find yourself talking about any cardinal direction
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of a freeway, a river, some train tracks,
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you're talking about an eastside community.
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Now, the wind is obviously a natural phenomenon.
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But the human design decisions that we make to separate ourselves
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is not natural.
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Consider the fact that every eastside community in the United States
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was built during the era of legal segregation.
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We clearly weren't even trying to design for the benefit of everyone,
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so we ended up dealing with issues like redlining.
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This is where the government literally created maps
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to tell bankers where they shouldn't lend.
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These are some of those actual maps.
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And you'll notice how the red tends to be clustered
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on the east sides of these cities.
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Those financial design decisions became a self-fulfilling prophecy:
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no loans turned into low property tax base
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and that bled into worse schools and a less well-prepared workforce,
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and -- lo and behold -- lower incomes.
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It means that you can't qualify for a loan.
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Just a vicious downward spiral.
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And that's just the case with lending.
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We've made similarly sinister design decisions on any number of issues,
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from water infrastructure
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to where we decide to place grocery stores versus liquor stores,
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or even for whom and how we design and fund technology products.
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Collectively, this list of harms
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is the artifact of our more primitive selves.
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I don't think this is how we'd want to be remembered,
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but this is basically what we've been doing
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to eastside communities for the last century.
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The good news is, it doesn't have to be this way.
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We got ourselves into this eastside dilemma
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through bad design,
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and so we can get out of it with good design.
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And I believe the first principle of good design is actually really simple:
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we have to start with the commitment to design for the benefit of everyone.
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So, remember the campfire metaphor.
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If we want to benefit everyone, maybe we just sit in a horseshoe,
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so nobody gets the smoke in their face.
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I've got to make a note to the gentrifiers,
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because the point of this image is not to say
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you get to roll into eastside communities and just move people out of the way,
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because you don't.
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(Applause)
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But the point is,
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if you start with this first principle of benefiting everyone,
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then elegant solutions may become more obvious than you assume.
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What are the elegant solutions to close this gap
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between Palo Alto and East Palo Alto in Silicon Valley?
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I've got to like the odds of starting with EPA [East Palo Alto].
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It's in the middle of Silicon Valley, the epicenter of innovation
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and wealth creation.
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If we can solve this problem anywhere, it ought to be here.
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And if we can solve the problems for EPA,
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we could apply those solutions to other eastside communities.
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If you think about it, it's actually a massive investment opportunity
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and an opportunity to drive policy change and philanthropy.
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But at the core, it's this fundamental design principle,
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this choice of whether we're going to decide to take care of everyone.
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And it's a choice we can make, loved ones.
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We've got the capital.
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We've got technology on our side,
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and it keeps getting better.
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We've got some of the best entrepreneurs in the world in this building
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and in these communities right now.
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But the fundamental question is: What are we designing for?
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More haves and have-nots? More disparity?
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Or parity,
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the choice to come together.
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Because the reality is, this is not the industrial era.
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We don't live in the era of legal segregation.
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So the punchline is, there is no wrong side of the tracks.
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And all I'm saying is,
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we should design our economy and our communities with that in mind.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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