New nanotech to detect cancer early | Joshua Smith

88,450 views ใƒป 2017-03-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: hila scherba
00:16
"You have cancer."
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"ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืกืจื˜ืŸ."
00:20
Sadly, about 40 percent of us will hear those three words within our lifetime,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ืขืจืš 40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
00:25
and half will not survive.
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ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืจื“ื•.
00:28
This means that two out of five of your closest friends and relatives
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
00:32
will be diagnosed with some form of cancer,
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ื™ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
00:35
and one will die.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืžื•ืช.
00:39
Beyond the physical hardships,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื,
00:40
roughly one-third of cancer survivors here in the US
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืจื“ื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:43
will go into debt from treatment.
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ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
00:45
And they're at least two and a half times more likely to declare bankruptcy
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ
00:49
than those without cancer.
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ืžืืœื” ืœืœื ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
00:51
This disease is pervasive.
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ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
00:53
It's emotionally draining
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจื•ืงื ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช
00:55
and, for many,
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ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื”,
00:56
financially destructive.
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ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
00:59
But a cancer diagnosis doesn't have to be a death sentence.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ื—ื ืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช.
01:03
Finding cancer early,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
01:05
closer its genesis,
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
01:06
is one of the critical factors to improving treatment options,
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
01:10
reducing its emotional impact
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ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช
01:12
and minimizing financial burdens.
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ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
01:15
Most importantly,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
01:16
finding cancer early --
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื --
01:17
which is one of the primary aims of my research --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ --
01:20
greatly enhances your odds of survival.
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ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
01:23
If we just look at the case of breast cancer for example,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:26
we find that those who are diagnosed and treated at stage one
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืœืืœื” ืฉืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
01:30
have a five-year survival rate of nearly 100 percent --
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ 100 ืื—ื•ื– --
01:34
odds that decrease to just 22 percent if treated at stage four.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ื—ืชื™ื ืœืจืง 22 ืื—ื•ื– ืื ื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืืจื‘ืข.
01:39
And similar trends are found for colorectal and ovarian cancer.
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ื•ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก ื•ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช.
01:45
Now, we're all aware that an early diagnosis that is accurate
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง
01:51
is critical for survival.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช.
01:55
The problem is that many cancer diagnostic tools are invasive,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
01:59
costly,
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ื™ืงืจื™ื,
02:00
often inaccurate
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื
02:01
and they can take an agonizing amount of time to get the results back.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืกืจืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื”.
02:06
Still worse, when it comes to some forms of cancer,
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ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื”, ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
02:08
such as ovarian, liver or pancreatic cancer,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ืื• ืœื‘ืœื‘,
02:13
good screening methods simply don't exist,
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
02:16
meaning that often people wait until physical symptoms surface,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื•,
02:20
which are themselves already indicators of late-stage progression.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
02:25
Like a tornado strike in an area without an early warning system,
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ื›ืžื• ืคื’ื™ืขืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
02:29
there is no alarm to warn,
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ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืขืงื” ืฉืชืชืจื™ืข,
02:31
for the danger is already at your doorstep
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื“ืœืชื›ื
02:34
when your odds of survival are greatly reduced.
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ื›ืฉืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
02:39
Having the convenience and accessibility of regular screening options
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช
02:43
that are affordable, noninvasive and could provide results much sooner,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืœื ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:48
would provide us with a formidable weapon in the fight against cancer.
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ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืœื ื• ื ืฉืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
02:54
An early warning would allow us to get out ahead of the disease
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ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื”
02:57
instead of merely following in its relentless wake.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื”.
03:00
And this is exactly what I've been doing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
03:02
For the past three years, I've been developing technologies
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
03:05
that could ultimately aid clinicians
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงืœื™ื ืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
03:07
with rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics.
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ืขื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ.
03:10
And I've been fueled by a deep scientific curiosity,
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ื•ืชื•ื“ืœืงืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”,
03:14
and a passion to change these statistics.
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ื•ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:18
Last year however,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขื ื–ืืช,
03:20
this fight became much more personal
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช
03:23
when my wife was diagnosed with breast cancer.
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ื›ืฉืื™ืฉืชื™ ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“.
03:27
It was an experience that added a strong and unexpected emotional dimension
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืžื™ืžื“ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื—ื–ืง ื•ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™
03:31
to these efforts.
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ืœืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:35
I know firsthand how life-altering treatment can be,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
03:39
and I'm keenly aware of the emotional havoc
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™
03:42
that cancer can wreak on a family,
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ืฉืกืจื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
03:44
which in our case included our two young daughters.
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช.
03:48
Because we found it early during a routine mammogram,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืžื•ื’ืจืžื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช,
03:51
we were able to focus primarily on treatment options
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
03:55
for the localized tumor,
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ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
03:56
reaffirming to me how important an early diagnosis is.
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ืžื” ืฉื—ื™ื–ืง ืืฆืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื.
04:02
Unlike other forms of cancer,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
04:05
mammograms do offer an early-stage screening option for breast cancer.
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ืžืžื•ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“.
04:08
Still, not everyone has this done,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
04:11
or they may develop breast cancer
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ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“
04:12
before the middle age recommendation for having a mammogram.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœืžืžื•ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
04:17
So, there's still a lot of room for improvement,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ,
04:19
even for cancers that do have screening options,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื,
04:21
and, of course, considerable benefits for those that don't.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืœื.
04:25
A key challenge then for cancer researchers
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ืืชื’ืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
04:28
is to develop methods
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ื”ื•ื ืœืคืชื— ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช
04:29
that make regular screening for many types of cancers
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืกืงื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
04:33
much more accessible.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉื”.
04:35
Imagine a scenario where during your regular checkup,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
04:38
your doctor can take a simple, noninvasive urine sample,
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ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื•ืงื— ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืฉืชืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืœื ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ืช,
04:42
or other liquid biopsy,
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ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื™ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื—ืจืช,
04:44
and present you with the results before you even leave the doctor's office.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ืคื.
04:48
Such a technology could dramatically reduce the number of people
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ื›ื–ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
04:52
who slip through the net of an early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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ืฉื—ื•ืžืงื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
04:56
My research team of engineers and biochemists
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•-ื›ื™ืžืื™ื
04:59
is working on exactly this challenge.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
05:02
We're working on ways to frequently activate an early-stage cancer alarm
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืื–ืขืงืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื
05:07
by enabling regular screenings that would start when a person is healthy
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื
05:11
so that action could be taken to stop cancer the moment it emerges,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข,
05:15
and before it can progress beyond its infancy.
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ืงื•ืชื•.
05:20
The silver bullet in this case are tiny vesicles,
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื”,
05:23
little escape pods regularly shed by cells called exosomes.
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ืชืื™ ืžื™ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื.
05:28
Exosomes are important biomarkers
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ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืกืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
05:31
that provide an early-warning system for the development of cancer.
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ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
05:35
And because they're abundantly present in just about every bodily fluid,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื™,
05:38
including blood, urine and saliva,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื, ืฉืชืŸ ื•ืจื•ืง,
05:41
they're extremely attractive for noninvasive liquid biopsies.
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ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช.
05:46
There's just one problem.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช.
05:48
An automated system for rapidly sorting these important biomarkers
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:52
is not currently available.
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ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
05:55
We've created a technology that we call nano-DLD
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื ืื ื•-DLD
05:58
that is capable of precisely this:
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื–ื”:
06:01
automated exosome isolation
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ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
06:04
to aid rapid cancer diagnostics.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
06:07
Exosomes are the newest early-warning weapon, if you will,
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ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
06:11
to emerge on the liquid biopsy front.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ืช.
06:13
And they're really, really small.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืืžืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
06:15
They measure just 30 to 150 nanometers in diameter.
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ืงื•ื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืŸ 30 ืœ 150 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
06:20
This is so tiny
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื˜ืŸ
06:21
that you could fit about a million of them into a single red blood cell.
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืงื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ืชื ื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“.
06:25
That's roughly the difference between a golf ball
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืœืฃ
06:27
and a fine grain piece of sand.
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ื•ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ื–ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ.
06:30
Once thought to be little bins for unwanted cellular waste,
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ืคืขื ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื™ ืืฉืคื” ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืœืช ืชืื™ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื”,
06:34
it has been found that cells actually communicate
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ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืฉืชืื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื
06:37
by producing and absorbing these exosomes
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
06:40
which contain surface receptors,
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
06:43
proteins and other genetic material collected from their cell of origin.
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ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืžืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
06:48
When absorbed by a neighboring cell,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื™ื ืฉื›ื ื™ื,
06:51
exosomes release their contents into the receiving cell,
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ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ,
06:54
and can set in motion fundamental changes in gene expression --
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื --
06:58
some good,
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ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:59
and this is where cancer comes in,
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ื•ืคื” ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ื”,
07:01
some bad.
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ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื.
07:02
Because they are clothed in the material of the mother cell,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืขื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืชื ื”ืื,
07:06
and contain a sample of its environment,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•,
07:08
they provide a genetic snapshot of that cell's health and its origin.
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
07:15
All of these qualities make exosomes invaluable messengers
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช
07:18
that potentially allow physicians
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ืฉืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื
07:19
to eavesdrop on your health at the cellular level.
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ืœืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืชืื™ืช.
07:23
To catch cancer early, however,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืขื ื–ืืช,
07:25
you have to frequently intercept these messages
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
07:28
to determine when cancer-causing troublemakers within your body
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื
07:32
decide to start staging a coup,
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ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืจื“,
07:33
which is why regular screening is so critical
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ืœื›ืŸ ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
07:36
and why we're developing technologies to make this possible.
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ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
07:40
While the first exosome-based diagnostics emerged on the market just this year,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื”ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืจืง ื”ืฉื ื”,
07:46
they are not yet part of mainstream healthcare options.
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ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
07:51
In addition to their recent emergence,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
07:53
another factor that's limiting their widespread adoption
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ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื
07:56
is that currently, no automated exosome isolation system exists
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ื–ื” ืฉื›ืจื’ืข, ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžื•ื›ื ืช
08:00
to make regular screening economically accessible.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
08:04
The current gold standard for exosome isolation
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ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื
08:07
includes ultracentrifugation,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื™ืจื›ื•ื– ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืœื”ืคืจื“ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
08:09
a process requiring expensive laboratory equipment,
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื™ืงืจ,
08:12
a trained lab tech
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ื˜ื›ื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ
08:13
and about 30 hours of time to process a sample.
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš 30 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื“ ื“ื’ื™ืžื”.
08:18
We've come up with a different approach for achieving automated exosome isolation
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ ืžืžื•ื›ืŸ
08:23
from a sample such as urine.
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ืžื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืชืŸ.
08:25
We use a chip-based, continuous flow separation technique
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืฆ'ื™ืค
08:29
called deterministic lateral displacement.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื”ืขืชืงื” ืœื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื“ื™ื˜ืจืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
08:32
And we have done with it
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ื–ื”
08:34
what the semiconductor industry has done so successfully for the past 50 years.
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ืžื” ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื” ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ 50 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
08:38
We shrunk the dimensions of this technology
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
08:40
from the micron scale to the true nanoscale.
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ืžื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:44
So how does it work?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
08:46
In a nutshell,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ,
08:47
a set of tiny pillars separated by nanoscopic gaps
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ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื ืื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื™ื
08:51
are arranged in such a way
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ืฉืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ื•
08:52
that the system divides the fluid into streamlines,
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ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืœื–ืจืžื™ื,
08:55
with the larger cancer-related nanoparticles being separated
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ืขื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื
08:59
through a process of redirection from the smaller, healthier ones,
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ื“ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:02
which can in contrast
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“
09:04
move around the pillars in a zigzag-type motion
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ื ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช ื–ื™ื’ ื–ืื’
09:07
in the direction of fluid flow.
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ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ.
09:09
The net result is a complete separation of these two particle populations.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:15
You can visualize this separation process
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื–ื”
09:18
similar to traffic on a highway that separates into two roads,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืจื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,
09:22
with one road going into a low-clearance tunnel under a mountain,
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ื›ืฉื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื ื”ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืจ,
09:26
and the other road going around it.
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ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
09:28
Here, smaller cars can go through the tunnel
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ืคื”, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื”ืจื”
09:31
while larger trucks, carrying potentially hazardous material,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื,
09:34
are forced to take the detour route.
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ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืงืฃ.
09:37
Traffic is effectively separated by size and contents
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ
09:41
without impeding its flow.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื–ืจื™ืžื”.
09:43
And this is exactly how our system works on a much, much smaller scale.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ.
09:49
The idea here is that the separation process for screening
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืœืกื™ื ื•ืŸ
09:53
could be as simple as processing a sample of urine, blood or saliva,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืฉืชืŸ, ื“ื ืื• ืจื•ืง,
09:57
which is a near-term possibility within the next few years.
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ืฉื–ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:00
Ultimately, it could be used to isolate and detect target exosomes
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืงืกื•ื–ื•ืžื™ ืžื˜ืจื”
10:06
associated with a particular type of cancer,
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ืฉืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
10:09
sensing and reporting their presence within minutes.
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ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช.
10:12
This would make rapid diagnostics virtually painless.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœืœื ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
10:16
Broadly speaking,
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘,
10:17
the ability to separate and enrich biomarkers
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืกืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
10:20
with nanoscale precision in an automated way,
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ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื•ื›ื ืช,
10:24
opens the door to better understanding diseases such as cancer,
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ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
10:27
with applications ranging from sample preparation to diagnostics,
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ืขื ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ืžื”ื›ื ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ,
10:31
and from drug resistance monitoring to therapeutics.
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ื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชืจืคื™ื”.
10:35
Even before my wife's bout with cancer,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื™ ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
10:37
it was a dream of mine to facilitate the automation of this process --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” --
10:41
to make regular screening more accessible,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช,
10:44
similar to the way Henry Ford made the automobile accessible
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืจื™ ืคื•ืจื“ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
10:47
to the general population
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ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
10:49
through development of the assembly line.
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ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงื• ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
10:51
Automation is the key to accessibility.
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ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
10:56
And in the spirit of the Hoover dream,
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืจ,
10:57
"a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage,"
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"ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื ื™ื”,"
11:00
we're developing a technology
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
11:02
that could ultimately place an early-warning cancer detection system
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
11:06
in every home.
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ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช.
11:07
This would allow every man, woman and child
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ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ, ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ืœื“
11:09
the opportunity to be regularly tested while they're still healthy,
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ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
11:14
catching cancer when it first emerges.
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื•ืคื™ืข.
11:17
It is my hope and dream
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ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™
11:18
to help people around the world avoid the high costs --
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช --
11:22
physical, financial and emotional --
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ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช --
11:25
faced by today's cancer patients,
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ืฉื—ื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
11:27
hardships that I'm well acquainted with.
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ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื™ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
11:31
I'm also happy to report that because we caught my wife's cancer early,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืฉืžื— ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
11:35
her treatment was successful,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—,
11:37
and she is now, thankfully, cancer-free.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
11:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:47
It is an outcome that I would like to see for everyone with a cancer diagnosis.
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ื–ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
11:53
With the work that my team has already done
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ืขื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื”
11:55
on separation of nanoscale biomarkers
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ืœื”ืคืจื“ืช ืกืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™
11:57
for rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics,
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ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
12:00
I am optimistic that within the next decade,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
12:03
this type of technology will be available,
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื”,
12:06
helping protect our friends, our family and future generations.
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ื•ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
12:10
Even if we are so unlucky as to be diagnosed with cancer,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื–ืœ ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
12:14
that early-stage alarm will provide a strong beacon of hope.
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ืฉืื–ืขืงื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืชืกืคืง ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”.
12:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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