New nanotech to detect cancer early | Joshua Smith

88,314 views ใƒป 2017-03-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seon-Gyu Choi
00:16
"You have cancer."
0
16060
2600
"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:20
Sadly, about 40 percent of us will hear those three words within our lifetime,
1
20500
4440
์Šฌํ”„์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 40%๋Š” ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
and half will not survive.
2
25660
2120
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
This means that two out of five of your closest friends and relatives
3
28780
3856
์ด ๋ง์ธ์ฆ‰์Šจ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ˆ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ธ 5๋ช… ์ค‘ 2๋ช…์€
00:32
will be diagnosed with some form of cancer,
4
32660
2456
์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
00:35
and one will die.
5
35140
1480
๊ทธ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์€ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Beyond the physical hardships,
6
39100
1456
์œก์ฒด์  ์—ญ๊ฒฝ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
00:40
roughly one-third of cancer survivors here in the US
7
40580
3176
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์•”์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ธ ๋Œ€๋žต 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:43
will go into debt from treatment.
8
43780
1736
์น˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋นš๋”๋ฏธ์— ์•‰๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And they're at least two and a half times more likely to declare bankruptcy
9
45540
3736
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2.5๋ฐฐ๋‚˜
00:49
than those without cancer.
10
49300
1240
ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
This disease is pervasive.
11
51500
2376
์ด ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
It's emotionally draining
12
53900
1576
์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ง€์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:55
and, for many,
13
55500
1216
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
00:56
financially destructive.
14
56740
1400
๊ธˆ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But a cancer diagnosis doesn't have to be a death sentence.
15
59700
3560
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์„ ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Finding cancer early,
16
63740
1856
์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
01:05
closer its genesis,
17
65620
1216
์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:06
is one of the critical factors to improving treatment options,
18
66860
3616
์„ ํƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:10
reducing its emotional impact
19
70500
1976
์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
01:12
and minimizing financial burdens.
20
72500
1960
๊ธˆ์ „ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Most importantly,
21
75380
1215
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
01:16
finding cancer early --
22
76620
1256
์•”์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
which is one of the primary aims of my research --
23
77900
2896
01:20
greatly enhances your odds of survival.
24
80820
2160
์ƒ์กด ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:23
If we just look at the case of breast cancer for example,
25
83940
2736
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:26
we find that those who are diagnosed and treated at stage one
26
86700
3496
1๊ธฐ์— ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์ ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
01:30
have a five-year survival rate of nearly 100 percent --
27
90220
3760
5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100%์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
odds that decrease to just 22 percent if treated at stage four.
28
94580
4000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4๊ธฐ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 22%๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And similar trends are found for colorectal and ovarian cancer.
29
99860
3960
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์žฅ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Now, we're all aware that an early diagnosis that is accurate
30
105820
5456
์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:51
is critical for survival.
31
111300
2120
์ƒ์กด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
The problem is that many cancer diagnostic tools are invasive,
32
115420
3816
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๋ชธ์— ์นผ์„ ๋Œ€์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
01:59
costly,
33
119260
1216
๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ 
02:00
often inaccurate
34
120500
1216
๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:01
and they can take an agonizing amount of time to get the results back.
35
121740
3640
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Still worse, when it comes to some forms of cancer,
36
126340
2416
๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์•”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ
02:08
such as ovarian, liver or pancreatic cancer,
37
128780
4296
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”, ๊ฐ„์•”, ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ๋“ฑ์€
02:13
good screening methods simply don't exist,
38
133100
2680
ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
meaning that often people wait until physical symptoms surface,
39
136700
4056
์ด ๋ง์€, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:20
which are themselves already indicators of late-stage progression.
40
140780
3480
์ด๋ฏธ ๋ง๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:25
Like a tornado strike in an area without an early warning system,
41
145740
3576
์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํ† ๋„ค์ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:29
there is no alarm to warn,
42
149340
1896
์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
for the danger is already at your doorstep
43
151260
2856
๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
02:34
when your odds of survival are greatly reduced.
44
154140
3040
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Having the convenience and accessibility of regular screening options
45
159220
4256
์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ฉด
02:43
that are affordable, noninvasive and could provide results much sooner,
46
163500
5336
์ฆ‰ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†๊ณ , ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:48
would provide us with a formidable weapon in the fight against cancer.
47
168860
4440
์•”๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
An early warning would allow us to get out ahead of the disease
48
174580
3056
์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์•ž์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
instead of merely following in its relentless wake.
49
177660
2736
๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ž”ํ˜นํ•œ ํ”์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:00
And this is exactly what I've been doing.
50
180420
1976
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
For the past three years, I've been developing technologies
51
182420
3136
์ง€๋‚œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
03:05
that could ultimately aid clinicians
52
185580
1736
๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€
03:07
with rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics.
53
187340
2920
๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And I've been fueled by a deep scientific curiosity,
54
190740
3856
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ
03:14
and a passion to change these statistics.
55
194620
2520
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์— ํž˜์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Last year however,
56
198700
1200
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘๋…„์—
03:20
this fight became much more personal
57
200780
1760
์ด ์‹ธ์›€์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
when my wife was diagnosed with breast cancer.
58
203860
2320
์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:27
It was an experience that added a strong and unexpected emotional dimension
59
207380
4416
์ €์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋”ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
to these efforts.
60
211820
1200
03:35
I know firsthand how life-altering treatment can be,
61
215060
3280
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ผ๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
and I'm keenly aware of the emotional havoc
62
219340
2656
์•”์ด ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
that cancer can wreak on a family,
63
222020
2456
03:44
which in our case included our two young daughters.
64
224500
2400
์ €์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‘ ๋”ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:48
Because we found it early during a routine mammogram,
65
228220
3136
์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์˜ ์ดฌ์˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:51
we were able to focus primarily on treatment options
66
231380
3696
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์ข…์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ์  ์ฒ˜์น˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:55
for the localized tumor,
67
235100
1536
03:56
reaffirming to me how important an early diagnosis is.
68
236660
4400
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋” ํฐ ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Unlike other forms of cancer,
69
242780
1480
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•”๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:05
mammograms do offer an early-stage screening option for breast cancer.
70
245220
3656
์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Still, not everyone has this done,
71
248900
2216
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
04:11
or they may develop breast cancer
72
251140
1586
์œ ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์˜์ˆ ์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„ ์ด์ „์— ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:12
before the middle age recommendation for having a mammogram.
73
252750
3120
04:17
So, there's still a lot of room for improvement,
74
257380
2256
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
04:19
even for cancers that do have screening options,
75
259660
2256
๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:21
and, of course, considerable benefits for those that don't.
76
261940
2840
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•”์—๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
A key challenge then for cancer researchers
77
265500
2736
์•” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
04:28
is to develop methods
78
268260
1296
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„
04:29
that make regular screening for many types of cancers
79
269580
3536
๋” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
much more accessible.
80
273140
1240
04:35
Imagine a scenario where during your regular checkup,
81
275740
3056
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
04:38
your doctor can take a simple, noninvasive urine sample,
82
278820
3776
๋‹ด๋‹น ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
๋น„์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ก์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
04:42
or other liquid biopsy,
83
282620
1240
04:44
and present you with the results before you even leave the doctor's office.
84
284540
3524
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:48
Such a technology could dramatically reduce the number of people
85
288620
3536
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ง์ด ๋†“์น˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ
04:52
who slip through the net of an early-stage cancer diagnosis.
86
292180
3240
ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
My research team of engineers and biochemists
87
296660
2816
์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์™€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€
04:59
is working on exactly this challenge.
88
299500
2040
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
We're working on ways to frequently activate an early-stage cancer alarm
89
302140
5136
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:07
by enabling regular screenings that would start when a person is healthy
90
307300
4336
์•” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
so that action could be taken to stop cancer the moment it emerges,
91
311660
4296
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•”์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
05:15
and before it can progress beyond its infancy.
92
315980
2680
๋” ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
The silver bullet in this case are tiny vesicles,
93
320460
3016
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์ฑ…์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์†Œ๋‚ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
little escape pods regularly shed by cells called exosomes.
94
323500
4440
์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์†Œํฌ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:28
Exosomes are important biomarkers
95
328500
2736
์—‘์†Œ์ข€์€ ์•”์˜ ์ง„์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:31
that provide an early-warning system for the development of cancer.
96
331260
3280
์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
And because they're abundantly present in just about every bodily fluid,
97
335540
3416
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฒด์•ก์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:38
including blood, urine and saliva,
98
338980
2496
ํ”ผ, ์†Œ๋ณ€, ํƒ€์•ก๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„
05:41
they're extremely attractive for noninvasive liquid biopsies.
99
341500
4200
๋น„์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
There's just one problem.
100
346860
1576
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
An automated system for rapidly sorting these important biomarkers
101
348460
4296
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
05:52
is not currently available.
102
352780
1600
ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
We've created a technology that we call nano-DLD
103
355500
3296
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ DLD๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
05:58
that is capable of precisely this:
104
358820
2120
๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
automated exosome isolation
105
361740
2696
์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:04
to aid rapid cancer diagnostics.
106
364460
2480
๋น ๋ฅธ ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ฃ .
06:07
Exosomes are the newest early-warning weapon, if you will,
107
367860
3536
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์€ ์•ก์ƒ ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
06:11
to emerge on the liquid biopsy front.
108
371420
2056
๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And they're really, really small.
109
373500
2296
์—‘์†Œ์ข€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
They measure just 30 to 150 nanometers in diameter.
110
375820
3520
์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 30์—์„œ 150๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
This is so tiny
111
380100
1296
์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์•„์„œ
06:21
that you could fit about a million of them into a single red blood cell.
112
381420
3640
์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์„ธํฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
That's roughly the difference between a golf ball
113
385620
2336
๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
06:27
and a fine grain piece of sand.
114
387980
1720
๊ณจํ”„๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Once thought to be little bins for unwanted cellular waste,
115
390740
3696
ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:34
it has been found that cells actually communicate
116
394460
2976
์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
by producing and absorbing these exosomes
117
397460
3136
06:40
which contain surface receptors,
118
400620
2376
์—‘์†Œ์ข€์—๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€
06:43
proteins and other genetic material collected from their cell of origin.
119
403020
4000
๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์œ ์ „๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
When absorbed by a neighboring cell,
120
408340
2656
์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธํฌ์— ํก์ˆ˜๋  ๋•Œ
06:51
exosomes release their contents into the receiving cell,
121
411020
3816
์—‘์†Œ์ข€์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
06:54
and can set in motion fundamental changes in gene expression --
122
414860
3216
์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
some good,
123
418100
1216
์ข‹์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:59
and this is where cancer comes in,
124
419340
1736
์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—”
07:01
some bad.
125
421100
1576
์•”์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Because they are clothed in the material of the mother cell,
126
422700
3776
์—‘์†Œ์ข€์ด ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:06
and contain a sample of its environment,
127
426500
1936
๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
07:08
they provide a genetic snapshot of that cell's health and its origin.
128
428460
5080
ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ทผ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
All of these qualities make exosomes invaluable messengers
129
435020
3136
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:18
that potentially allow physicians
130
438180
1616
์ด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜๋“ค์ด
07:19
to eavesdrop on your health at the cellular level.
131
439820
2920
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์„ธํฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
To catch cancer early, however,
132
443900
1656
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•”์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
07:25
you have to frequently intercept these messages
133
445580
2936
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฑ„์„œ
07:28
to determine when cancer-causing troublemakers within your body
134
448540
3496
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชธ์† ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ์ง€
07:32
decide to start staging a coup,
135
452060
1816
์ง„๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
which is why regular screening is so critical
136
453900
3016
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ณ 
07:36
and why we're developing technologies to make this possible.
137
456940
2840
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
While the first exosome-based diagnostics emerged on the market just this year,
138
460940
5656
์˜ฌํ•ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ
07:46
they are not yet part of mainstream healthcare options.
139
466620
3280
์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง„ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
In addition to their recent emergence,
140
471140
1856
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์  ์™ธ์—๋„
07:53
another factor that's limiting their widespread adoption
141
473020
3456
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
07:56
is that currently, no automated exosome isolation system exists
142
476500
3936
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
to make regular screening economically accessible.
143
480460
3200
08:04
The current gold standard for exosome isolation
144
484620
2736
ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์€
08:07
includes ultracentrifugation,
145
487380
1936
์ดˆ์›์‹ฌ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:09
a process requiring expensive laboratory equipment,
146
489340
3256
์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ๋น„์™€
08:12
a trained lab tech
147
492620
1256
์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›
08:13
and about 30 hours of time to process a sample.
148
493900
3040
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 30์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
We've come up with a different approach for achieving automated exosome isolation
149
498420
4656
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ณ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š”
08:23
from a sample such as urine.
150
503100
1440
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
We use a chip-based, continuous flow separation technique
151
505380
4256
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „์ž์นฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์œ ์ฒด ํ๋ฆ„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ
08:29
called deterministic lateral displacement.
152
509660
2976
์ธก๋ฐฉ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Ÿ‰ ํŒ์ •(DLD) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And we have done with it
153
512660
1376
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:34
what the semiconductor industry has done so successfully for the past 50 years.
154
514060
4456
๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
08:38
We shrunk the dimensions of this technology
155
518540
2056
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ
08:40
from the micron scale to the true nanoscale.
156
520620
2640
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ•์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
So how does it work?
157
524540
1456
์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
08:46
In a nutshell,
158
526020
1256
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
08:47
a set of tiny pillars separated by nanoscopic gaps
159
527300
3976
๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๋“ค์ด
08:51
are arranged in such a way
160
531300
1256
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:52
that the system divides the fluid into streamlines,
161
532580
3056
์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋“ฏ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
with the larger cancer-related nanoparticles being separated
162
535660
3376
์•”๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋” ํฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€
08:59
through a process of redirection from the smaller, healthier ones,
163
539060
3896
์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
which can in contrast
164
542980
1536
์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
09:04
move around the pillars in a zigzag-type motion
165
544540
2536
๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ทธ์žฌ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ
09:07
in the direction of fluid flow.
166
547100
1560
์œ ์ฒด ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
The net result is a complete separation of these two particle populations.
167
549900
4000
์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
You can visualize this separation process
168
555260
3696
์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๋ฉด
09:18
similar to traffic on a highway that separates into two roads,
169
558980
3856
๋‘ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
with one road going into a low-clearance tunnel under a mountain,
170
562860
3456
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ๋†’์ด ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„์ด๊ณ 
09:26
and the other road going around it.
171
566340
2056
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:28
Here, smaller cars can go through the tunnel
172
568420
2776
์†Œํ˜•์ฐจ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:31
while larger trucks, carrying potentially hazardous material,
173
571220
3296
์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‹ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์€
09:34
are forced to take the detour route.
174
574540
1760
๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Traffic is effectively separated by size and contents
175
577420
4096
๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
without impeding its flow.
176
581540
2016
ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:43
And this is exactly how our system works on a much, much smaller scale.
177
583580
4280
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
The idea here is that the separation process for screening
178
589420
3856
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์ด
09:53
could be as simple as processing a sample of urine, blood or saliva,
179
593300
4056
์†Œ๋ณ€, ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํ˜น์€ ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:57
which is a near-term possibility within the next few years.
180
597380
3296
๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Ultimately, it could be used to isolate and detect target exosomes
181
600700
5296
๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ
10:06
associated with a particular type of cancer,
182
606020
3216
ํŠน์ • ์•”๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ
10:09
sensing and reporting their presence within minutes.
183
609260
2440
๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
This would make rapid diagnostics virtually painless.
184
612420
3200
์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์—†๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Broadly speaking,
185
616540
1256
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
10:17
the ability to separate and enrich biomarkers
186
617820
2656
์ƒ์ฒด์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:20
with nanoscale precision in an automated way,
187
620500
2720
๋‚˜๋…ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:24
opens the door to better understanding diseases such as cancer,
188
624140
3456
์•”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
with applications ranging from sample preparation to diagnostics,
189
627620
3976
๊ทธ ์‘์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„
์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ค€๋น„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€
10:31
and from drug resistance monitoring to therapeutics.
190
631620
2480
์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Even before my wife's bout with cancer,
191
635260
2016
์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•”๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฌํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:37
it was a dream of mine to facilitate the automation of this process --
192
637300
3480
์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„
10:41
to make regular screening more accessible,
193
641660
2936
์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๊ฟˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
similar to the way Henry Ford made the automobile accessible
194
644620
2896
์ด๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:47
to the general population
195
647540
1576
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
through development of the assembly line.
196
649140
2256
10:51
Automation is the key to accessibility.
197
651420
2760
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๋™ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
And in the spirit of the Hoover dream,
198
656100
1856
ํ›„๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟจ๋˜ ์ •์‹ ์ธ
10:57
"a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage,"
199
657980
2896
"๋ชจ๋“  ๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๊ณ ์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:00
we're developing a technology
200
660900
1416
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์—
11:02
that could ultimately place an early-warning cancer detection system
201
662340
3816
์•” ์ง„๋‹จ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
11:06
in every home.
202
666180
1200
๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
This would allow every man, woman and child
203
667820
2056
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋…€๋…ธ์†Œ ๋ชจ๋‘
11:09
the opportunity to be regularly tested while they're still healthy,
204
669900
4136
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
11:14
catching cancer when it first emerges.
205
674060
1880
๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์•”์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
It is my hope and dream
206
677220
1496
์ œ ํฌ๋ง์ด์ž ๊ฟˆ์€
11:18
to help people around the world avoid the high costs --
207
678740
3696
์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:22
physical, financial and emotional --
208
682460
2536
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ๊ธˆ์ „์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์‹ผ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
faced by today's cancer patients,
209
685020
1720
11:27
hardships that I'm well acquainted with.
210
687420
2320
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:31
I'm also happy to report that because we caught my wife's cancer early,
211
691220
4376
๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ์‹์€ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์•”์„ ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
11:35
her treatment was successful,
212
695620
1656
์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:37
and she is now, thankfully, cancer-free.
213
697300
2256
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์™„์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
(Applause)
214
699580
2200
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:47
It is an outcome that I would like to see for everyone with a cancer diagnosis.
215
707980
4400
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
With the work that my team has already done
216
713100
2056
์ €์™€ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ
11:55
on separation of nanoscale biomarkers
217
715180
2736
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•”์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ƒ์ฒด์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
11:57
for rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics,
218
717940
2936
12:00
I am optimistic that within the next decade,
219
720900
2536
์ €๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
12:03
this type of technology will be available,
220
723460
2576
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
12:06
helping protect our friends, our family and future generations.
221
726060
3880
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋‚™๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Even if we are so unlucky as to be diagnosed with cancer,
222
730500
3896
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
12:14
that early-stage alarm will provide a strong beacon of hope.
223
734420
2880
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:18
Thank you.
224
738100
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
(Applause)
225
739340
5789
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7