How to teach kids to talk about taboo topics | Liz Kleinrock

145,713 views ใƒป 2019-03-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Michal Shargil Ben Sira
00:12
So, a few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื
00:14
I was beginning a new unit on race with my fourth-graders.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ื™ืชื” ื“' ืฉืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื–ืข.
ื•ืชืžื™ื“, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
00:18
And whenever we start a new unit,
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00:20
I like to begin by having all the students list everything they know about it,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืš,
00:23
and then we also list questions we have.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืฉืืœื•ืช.
00:26
And I had the type of moment that every teacher has nightmares about.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•.
00:31
One of my students had just asked the question,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืืœ,
"ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื?"
00:34
"Why are some people racist?"
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00:36
And another student, let's call her Abby,
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ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื ืงืจื ืœื” ืื‘ื™,
ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช:
00:39
had just raised her hand and volunteered:
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00:41
"Maybe some people don't like black people because their skin is the color of poop."
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"ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืงืงื™."
00:47
Yeah, I know.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช.
00:48
So, as if on cue, my entire class exploded.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ืกืชืจ, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืจืฆื”.
00:53
Half of them immediately started laughing,
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืฆื—ื•ืง,
00:55
and the other half started yelling at Abby
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ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•,
00:57
and shouting things like,
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"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื”! ื–ื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™!"
00:59
"Oh, my God, you can't say that, that's racist!"
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01:01
So just take a second to freeze this scene in your mind.
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ืงื—ื• ืจื’ืข ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื›ื.
01:04
There's a class of nine- and ten-year-olds,
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ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉืข ื•ืขืฉืจ,
01:07
and half of them are in hysterics
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”
01:08
because they think Abby has said something wildly funny,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื™ ืืžืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื ื•ืจื,
01:12
and the other half are yelling at her for saying something offensive.
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ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื™ ืืžืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™.
01:16
And then you have Abby, sitting there completely bewildered
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ื•ืื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื‘ืชืžื”ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
01:19
because, in her mind, she doesn't understand the weight of what she said
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื”
01:22
and why everybody is reacting this way.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื›ื”.
01:25
And then you have me, the teacher,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™, ื”ืžื•ืจื”,
01:27
standing there in the corner, like, about to have a panic attack.
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ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื™ื ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”.
01:30
So as a classroom teacher,
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ื›ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ-ืฉื ื™ื”.
01:32
I have to make split-second decisions all the time.
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01:35
And I knew I needed to react, but how?
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš?
01:38
Consider your fight-or-flight instincts.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”"ื”ื™ืœื—ื-ืื•-ื‘ืจื—".
01:42
I could fight by raising my voice and reprimanding her for her words.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื–ื•ืฃ ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”.
01:47
Or flight -- just change the subject
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ืื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— -- ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื
01:50
and quickly start reaching for another subject,
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ืจ,
01:52
like anything to get my students' minds off the word "poop."
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืงืงื™".
01:57
However, as we know, the right thing to do is often not the easy thing to do.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืงืœ.
02:01
And as much as I wanted this moment to be over,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืœื•ืฃ,
02:04
and that I knew both of these options would help me escape the situation,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
02:08
I knew that this was far too important of a teachable moment to miss.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืจื’ืข ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื•.
02:13
So after standing there for what felt like an eternity,
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื ืฆื—,
02:17
I unfroze and I turned to face my class, and I said,
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ื”ืคืฉืจืชื™, ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
02:22
"Actually, Abby makes a point."
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"ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื‘ื™ ืขืœืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•."
02:26
And my students kind of looked at each other, all confused.
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™,
02:29
And I continued,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™,
02:31
"One reason why racism exists
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"ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช
02:33
is because people with light skin have looked at people with dark skin
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"ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื”
02:37
and said that their skin was ugly.
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"ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจ.
02:39
And even use this reason as an excuse to dehumanize them.
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"ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืžื”ื ืฆืœื ืื ื•ืฉ.
02:44
And the reason why we're learning about race and racism in the first place
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"ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื–ืข ื•ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”
02:47
is to educate ourselves to know better.
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"ืœื”ืชื—ื ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:50
And to understand why comments like this are hurtful,
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"ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช,
02:53
and to make sure that people with dark skin
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"ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื” ื™ื–ื›ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช."
02:55
are always treated with respect and kindness."
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02:59
Now, this was a truly terrifying teachable moment.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื’ืข ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช.
03:03
But as we moved forward in the conversation,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื”,
03:05
I noticed that both Abby and the rest of the kids
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื’ื ืื‘ื™ ื•ื’ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”.
03:08
were still willing to engage.
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03:09
And as I watched the conversation really marinate with my students,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”,
03:13
I began to wonder how many of my students have assumptions just like Abby.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช-ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™.
03:19
And what happens when those assumptions go unnoticed and unaddressed,
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ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ,
03:22
as they so often do?
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš?
03:25
But first, I think it's important to take a step back
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืข
03:27
and even consider what makes a topic taboo.
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœื˜ืื‘ื•.
03:30
I don't remember receiving an official list of things
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
03:32
you're not supposed to talk about.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
03:34
But I do remember hearing, over and over, growing up:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™:
03:38
there are two things you do not talk about at family get-togethers.
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"ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื,
03:41
And those two things are religion and politics.
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"ื•ื”ื ื“ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”."
03:46
And I always thought this was very curious
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“
03:49
because religion and politics often are such huge influencing factors
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ื›ื™ ื“ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
03:53
over so many of our identities and beliefs.
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ืขืœ ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:56
But what makes a topic taboo
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื ื•ืฉื ืœื˜ืื‘ื•
03:59
is that feeling of discomfort that arises when these things come up in conversation.
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ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”.
04:04
But some people are extremely fluent in the language of equity,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
04:09
while other people fear being PC-shamed
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
04:12
or that their ignorance will show as soon as they open their mouths.
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ืื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื ืชื™ื—ืฉืฃ ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืคื”.
04:15
But I believe that the first step towards holding conversations
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ
04:19
about things like equity
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04:20
is to begin by building a common language.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
04:23
And that actually starts with destigmatizing topics
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืกืจืช ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื•ืช ืžื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืื‘ื•.
04:25
that are typically deemed taboo.
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04:28
Now, conversations around race, for example,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื’ื–ืข, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืคื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช
04:31
have their own specific language
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04:33
and students need to be fluent in this language
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ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”
04:35
in order to have these conversations.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”.
04:38
Now, schools are often the only place
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“"ื› ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
04:41
where students can feel free and comfortable
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื— ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:43
to ask questions and make mistakes.
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04:45
But, unfortunately, not all students feel that sense of security.
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ืืš ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”.
04:50
Now, I knew that day in front of my fourth-graders
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืœ ื›ื™ืชื” ื“' ืฉืœื™
04:53
that how I chose to respond could actually have life-long implications
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ืฉืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
04:57
not only for Abby, but for the rest of the students in my class.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชืชื™.
05:01
If I had brushed her words aside,
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ืื ืื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”,
05:05
the rest of the class could actually infer that this type of comment is acceptable.
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ื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืชืกื™ืง ืžื›ืš ืฉื–ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
05:09
But if I had yelled at Abby
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืฆืขืง ืขืœ ืื‘ื™
05:12
and embarrassed her in front of all of her friends,
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ื•ืื‘ื™ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”,
05:15
that feeling of shame associated with one of her first conversations on race
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ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื–ืข,
05:19
could actually prevent her from ever engaging on that topic again.
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ืชืžื ืข ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขืกื•ืง ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
05:23
Now, teaching kids about equity in schools is not teaching them what to think.
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ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
05:30
It is about giving them the tools and strategies and language
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ืืœื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคื”
05:33
and opportunities to practice how to think.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”.
05:36
For example, think about how we teach kids how to read.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื.
05:40
We don't start by giving them books.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื™ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื.
05:41
We start by breaking down words into letters and sounds
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ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžืœื™ื ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื
05:44
and we encourage them to practice their fluency by reading every single day,
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ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืฉืคื”,
05:49
with a partner or with their friends.
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ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:52
And we give them lots of comprehension questions
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ื•ืื ื• ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื”
05:55
to make sure that they're understanding what they're reading.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื.
05:58
And I believe that teaching kids about equity
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
06:00
should be approached in the exact same way.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš.
06:04
I like to start by giving my students a survey every year,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืกืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™
06:07
about different issues around equity and inclusion.
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœื”.
06:11
And this is a sample survey from one of my kids,
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืงืจ, ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืืฆืœื™,
06:13
and as you can see, there's some humor in here.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืคื” ืงืฆืช ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ.
06:16
For under the question, "What is race?"
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ื›ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืืœื”, "ืžื”ื• ื’ื–ืข?" (ื’ื: ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ)
06:18
she has written, "When two or more cars, people and animals
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื”, "ื›ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช
06:21
run to see who is fastest and who wins."
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"ืจืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื™ ื™ื ืฆื—."
06:25
However, if you look at her question, "What is racism?"
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช "ืžื”ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช?",
06:28
it says, "When somebody says or calls someone dark-skinned a mean name."
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื, "ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืื• ืžื›ื ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื”ื”-ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื ืื™."
06:32
So, she's young, but she's showing that she's beginning to understand.
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ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
06:36
And when we act
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”,
06:37
like our students aren't capable of having these conversations,
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06:41
we actually do them such a disservice.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช-ื“ื•ื‘.
06:46
Now, I also know that these types of conversations
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”
06:50
can seem really, really intimidating with our students,
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ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ื™ื ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•,
06:53
especially with young learners.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
06:55
But I have taught first through fifth grades,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื' ืขื“ ื”',
06:57
and I can tell you, for example,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
06:59
that I'm not going to walk into a first-grade classroom
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ืฉืœื ืื›ื ืก ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื'
07:02
and start talking about things like mass incarceration.
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ื•ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืืกืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื.
07:05
But even a six-year-old first-grader can understand the difference
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ืชื” ื' ื‘ืŸ 6 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
07:10
between what is fair -- people getting what they need.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ --
"ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื."
07:15
We identified a lot of these things in class together.
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ืื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
07:19
And the difference between fair and equal --
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ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื”ื•ื’ืŸ" ื•"ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™" --
07:22
when everybody gets the same thing,
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"ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ."
07:24
especially goody bags at birthday parties.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ "ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืขื” ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื-ื”ื•ืœื“ืช."
07:27
Now, first-graders can also understand the difference
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื' ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
07:30
between a punishment and a consequence.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืขื•ื ืฉ" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ืชื•ืฆืื”".
07:34
And all of these things are foundational concepts
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“
07:36
that anyone needs to understand
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•
07:38
before having a conversation
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืžืืกืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
07:39
about mass incarceration in the United States.
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07:42
Some people might think that kindergarteners or first-graders
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื'
07:45
are too young to have conversations around racism,
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ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช,
07:48
but also tell you that young kids
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
07:50
understand that there are many different components
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
07:53
that make up our identities
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07:54
and how people are similar and different,
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ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืื• ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
07:56
and what it means to have power when other people don't.
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื™ื.
ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
08:01
When we have these conversations with students at a young age,
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ื–ื” ืžืกืœืง ื—ืœืง ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•
08:04
it actually takes away some of that taboo feeling
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08:06
when those topics come up at a later age.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:09
I also know that teaching about these things in schools
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœืœืžื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก
08:12
can feel like navigating a minefield.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื“ื”-ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื.
08:15
For example, what happens if parents or families
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
08:18
aren't on board with having these conversations in schools?
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ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก?
08:22
But to these people, I can say:
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ:
08:23
these are some examples of things that students have said to me
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™
08:27
and brought to my attention.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื™.
08:29
For example, I had a student come in and whisper to me,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื•ืœื—ืฉ,
08:33
"I've heard all these people use the term LGBTQ,
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"ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืœื”ื˜ื‘"ืงื™ื,
08:36
but I don't know what it means and I'm too embarrassed to admit it."
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"ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื ื‘ื•ืš ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš."
08:40
I had a student come in over a weekend and come up to me and say,
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™,
08:44
"You know, I just watched this movie about Australia,
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"ืจืื™ืชื™ ืกืจื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
08:47
and it made me wonder if they have racism there, too."
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"ื•ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื ื’ื ืฉื ื™ืฉ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช."
08:51
And I always want my students to be comfortable having these conversations
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
08:55
because when they're comfortable talking about it and asking questions,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:59
they also build comfort in bringing in their own lives and experiences
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ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ื’ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื
09:02
in how they relate to these big topics.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:05
Also, some teachers might be kind of nervous
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”
09:08
if a student brings up a topic or asks a question
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ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ืขืœื” ื ื•ืฉื ืื• ื™ืฉืืœ ืฉืืœื”
09:11
and they don't know the answer to it.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”.
09:13
But if a student ever brings something to my attention
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืคื ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
09:16
and I don't know the answer,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
09:18
I will always admit it and own it
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืืงื— ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
09:20
because I'm not going to pretend to be an expert in something
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ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืกืžื›ื•ืช.
09:23
that I don't have experience in or I'm not an authority on.
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09:26
That same year, I had a student come in
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืืœ ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื”ื˜ื‘"ืง.
09:28
and ask a question about the LGBTQ community.
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09:31
And I just didn't know enough to give them an appropriate answer.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”.
09:35
So instead, I encouraged that student
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชื”
09:37
to reach out and ask that question to a representative of a nonprofit
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09:40
who had come to speak to our class about that very same issue.
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
09:44
When we admit to our students that we don't have all the answers,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
09:47
not only does it humanize us to them,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื• ื ืจืื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื,
09:50
it also shows them that adults have a long way to go, too,
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ืืœื ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื”ื ืฉื’ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“,
ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
09:53
when it comes to learning about issues of equity.
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09:56
Now, a little while back, I wrote a lesson about consent.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื”.
10:01
And, to some people, this was very exciting
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืฉื• ืžื–ื”,
10:03
because I took this topic that seemed very taboo and scary
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ื›ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ืจืื” ื˜ืื‘ื• ื•ืžืคื—ื™ื“
10:06
and I broke it down into a way that was accessible for young learners.
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
10:10
However, to other people,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
10:12
the idea of consent is so strongly tied to sex,
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืœืกืงืก,
10:15
and sex is often considered a taboo subject,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืกืงืก ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ืื‘ื•,
10:18
that it made them very uncomfortable.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
10:20
But my students are third-graders,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื’',
10:22
so we're not talking about sex in class.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืกืงืก.
10:25
Rather, I wanted them to understand
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ืืœื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•
10:27
that everybody has different physical boundaries
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื• ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื—.
10:29
that make them feel comfortable.
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10:31
And the social and emotional intelligence it takes
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ื•ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช
10:34
to read somebody's words and tone and body language
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื, ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
10:37
are skills that often need to be explicitly taught,
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ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช,
10:39
the same way we teach things like reading and math.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืงืจื™ืื” ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
10:42
And this lesson is not reserved for students of one single demographic.
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ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืคืœื— ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื.
10:47
Things like questioning and making observations
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกืคืง, ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช
10:49
and critical thinking
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10:50
are things that any student of any race or ethnicity
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ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื’ื–ืข ืื• ืžื•ืฆื ืืชื ื™,
10:53
or background or language or income or zip code should be learning in schools.
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ืžื›ืœ ืจืงืข, ืฉืคื”, ืจืžืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก.
10:59
Also, deliberate avoidance of these conversations
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืชื—ืžืงื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”
11:03
speaks volumes to our students
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ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:05
because kids notice when their teachers, when their textbooks
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืžืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื
11:10
leave out the voices and experiences of people like women or people of color.
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ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื.
11:15
Silence speaks volumes.
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ื–ืืช ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืจื•ืขืžืช.
11:18
I recently asked my class of third-graders
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื’' ืฉืœื™
11:21
what they would say to adults who think they're too young
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ืžื” ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™
11:23
to learn about issues of equity.
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ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
11:26
And while this is a small sample of my 25 students,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ืืช ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืืœื” ืจืง 25 ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
11:31
all of them agreed
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•
11:32
that not only are they capable of having these conversations,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”,
11:35
but they view it, the right to learn it, as a right and not as a privilege.
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ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช-ื™ืชืจ.
11:41
And, in their words:
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื:
11:43
"We're big enough to know about these things
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"ืื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:46
because these problems are happening where we live.
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"ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
11:48
And we have the right to talk about them
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"ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ
11:51
because it will be our life in the future."
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"ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“."
11:54
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
11:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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