Rob Hopkins: Transition to a world without oil

175,802 views ใƒป 2009-11-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yonatan Ben-Knaan ืžื‘ืงืจ: Uri Yaffe
00:18
As a culture, we tell ourselves lots of stories
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ื›ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:21
about the future,
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“,
00:23
and where we might move forward from this point.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
00:25
Some of those stories are that
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื
00:27
somebody is just going to sort everything out for us.
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
00:30
Other stories are that everything is on the verge of unraveling.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
00:34
But I want to tell you a different story here today.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:36
Like all stories, it has a beginning.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
00:39
My work, for a long time, has been involved in education,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
00:42
in teaching people practical skills
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ื‘ืœืœืžื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช
00:44
for sustainability,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงึทื™ึผึธืžื•ึผืช,
00:46
teaching people how to take responsibility
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ื‘ืœืœืžื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
00:48
for growing some of their own food,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
00:50
how to build buildings using local materials,
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ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
00:52
how to generate their own energy, and so on.
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ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
00:55
I lived in Ireland, built the first straw-bale houses in Ireland,
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ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ื‘ื ื™ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืจื•ืจื•ืช-ื”ืงืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“,
00:59
and some cob buildings and all this kind of thing.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืงื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”
01:02
But all my work for many years was focused
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช
01:05
around the idea that sustainability
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
01:07
means basically looking at
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
01:09
the globalized economic growth model,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
01:12
and moderating what comes in at one end,
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ืœืžืชืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืงืฆื” ืื—ื“,
01:14
and moderating the outputs at the other end.
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ื•ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™.
01:17
And then I came into contact with a way of looking at things
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืืชื™ ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช
01:20
which actually changed that profoundly.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื–ืืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช.
01:22
And in order to introduce you to that,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”,
01:24
I've got something here that I'm going to unveil,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ,
01:26
which is one of the great marvels of the modern age.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
01:29
And it's something so astounding and so astonishing
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืžื
01:31
that I think maybe as I remove this cloth
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“
01:34
a suitable gasp of amazement might be appropriate.
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ืื ื—ืช ืชื“ื”ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช ืชืชืื™ื.
01:37
If you could help me with that it would be fantastic.
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื.
01:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:45
This is a liter of oil.
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ื–ื” ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜.
01:48
This bottle of oil,
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
01:51
distilled over a hundred million years of geological time,
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ื–ื•ืงืง ืžืขืœ ืœืžืื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
01:54
ancient sunlight,
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ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ืขืชื™ืง,
01:56
contains the energy equivalent of about five weeks
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ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
01:58
hard human manual labor --
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื -
02:01
equivalent to about 35 strong people
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ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื›-35 ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื
02:05
coming round and working for you.
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ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืš.
02:08
We can turn it into a dazzling array of materials,
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืขืจืš ืžืกื—ืจืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
02:12
medicine, modern clothing,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
02:14
laptops, a whole range of different things.
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:18
It gives us an energy return that's unimaginable, historically.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
02:23
We've based the design of our settlements,
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ื‘ื™ืกืกื ื• ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:25
our business models, our transport plans,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:27
even the idea of economic growth, some would argue,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื•,
02:30
on the assumption that we will have this in perpetuity.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืฆื—.
02:34
Yet, when we take a step back,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”
02:37
and look over the span of history,
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืจืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
02:39
at what we might call the petroleum interval,
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืคื˜,
02:42
it's a short period in history
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ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
02:44
where we've discovered this extraordinary material,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
02:47
and then based a whole way of life around it.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืกืกื ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
02:50
But as we straddle the top of this energy mountain, at this stage,
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ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ืง ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
02:54
we move from a time where our economic success,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื–ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:57
our sense of individual prowess and well-being
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื•
03:00
is directly linked to how much of this we consume,
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ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื›ืžื” ืžื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื,
03:04
to a time when actually our degree of oil dependency
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ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ืคื˜
03:07
is our degree of vulnerability.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:09
And it's increasingly clear that we
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
03:11
aren't going to be able to rely on the fact that
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
03:13
we're going to have this at our disposal forever.
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ืฆื—.
03:16
For every four barrels of oil that we consume,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื
03:18
we only discover one.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืจืง ืื—ืช.
03:20
And that gap continues to widen.
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ื•ื”ืคืขืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
03:22
There is also the fact that the amount of energy
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:24
that we get back from the oil that we discover is falling.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฆื•ื ื—ืช.
03:27
In the 1930s we got 100 units of energy back
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ื‘1930 ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” 100 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:30
for every one that we put in to extract it.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื”.
03:33
Completely unprecedented, historically.
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
03:35
Already that's fallen to about 11.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื ื— ืœื›-11.
03:37
And that's why, now,
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
03:39
the new breakthroughs, the new frontiers
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ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
03:41
in terms of oil extraction are scrambling about in Alberta,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืคื˜, ืžื–ื“ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ืืœื‘ืจื˜ื”
03:44
or at the bottom of the oceans.
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ืื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
03:46
There are 98 oil-producing nations in the world.
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ื™ืฉ 98 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืงื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:49
But of those, 65 have already passed their peak.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื•, 65 ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
03:52
The moment when the world on average passes this peak,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื”...
03:55
people wonder when that's going to happen.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
03:57
And there is an emerging case
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ
03:58
that maybe that was what happened last July
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
04:00
when the oil prices were so high.
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ื›ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
04:02
But are we to assume that the same brilliance
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื—, ืฉืื•ืชื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื”
04:04
and creativity and adaptability
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ื•ื™ืฆืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืชื’ืœืชื ื•ืช,
04:06
that got us up to the top of that energy mountain in the first place
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”,
04:09
is somehow mysteriously going to evaporate
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืชืชื ื“ืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
04:12
when we have to design a creative way back down the other side?
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™?
04:16
No. But the thinking that we have to come up with
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ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช
04:19
has to be based on a realistic assessment
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช
04:22
of where we are.
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
04:24
There is also the issue of climate change,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™
04:26
is the other thing that underpins this transition approach.
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ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
04:28
But the thing that I notice, as I talk to climate scientists,
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ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
04:31
is the increasingly terrified look they have in their eyes,
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืื™ืžื” ื”ืžืชืขืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื,
04:34
as the data that's coming in,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื–ืจื•ื,
04:36
which is far ahead of what the IPCC are talking about.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”-IPCC ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื•.
04:40
So the IPCC said
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ืื– ื”-IPCC ืืžืจื•
04:42
that we might see significant breakup
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื
04:44
of the arctic ice in 2100, in their worst case scenario.
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ื‘ืงืจื— ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ ื‘-2100, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข.
04:47
Actually, if current trends continue,
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืชืžืฉื™ืš,
04:50
it could all be gone in five or 10 years' time.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืขืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš 5 ืื• 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
04:52
If just three percent of the carbon locked up in the arctic permafrost
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ืื ืจืง 3 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจืžื”-ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช
04:56
is released as the world warms,
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ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ืžื,
04:58
it would offset all the savings that we need to make,
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข
05:00
in carbon, over the next 40 years to avoid runaway climate change.
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ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš 40 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
05:03
We have no choice other than deep and urgent decarbonization.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื“ื”-ืงืจื‘ื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืœื”.
05:08
But I'm always very interested to think about
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
05:10
what might the stories be
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
05:12
that the generations further down the slope from us
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ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
05:15
are going to tell about us.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•,
05:17
"The generation that lived at the top of the mountain,
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"ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื”ืจ,
05:20
that partied so hard, and so abused its inheritance."
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ืฉื—ื’ื’ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง ื•ืฉื›ื” ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•".
05:25
And one of the ways I like to do that
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
05:27
is to look back at the stories people used to tell
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืกืคืจ
05:29
before we had cheap oil, before we had fossil fuels,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื ืคื˜ ื–ื•ืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
05:32
and people relied on their own muscle, animal muscle energy,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืชืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
05:35
or a little bit of wind, little bit of water energy.
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ืื• ืขืœ ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ื—, ืžืขื˜ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื.
05:38
We had stories like "The Seven-League Boots":
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืžื’ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืœื™ื’ื•ืช":
05:41
the giant who had these boots, where, once you put them on,
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ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืฉืžืช ืื•ืชื ืขืœื™ืš
05:43
with every stride you could cover seven leagues, or 21 miles,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืกื™ืขื” ื™ื›ืœืช ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืœื™ื’ื•ืช ืื• 34 ืง"ืž,
05:47
a kind of travel completely unimaginable
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก
05:49
to people without that kind of energy at their disposal.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื.
05:52
Stories like The Magic Porridge Pot,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืกืช ื”ืงืกืžื™ื,
05:55
where you had a pot where if you knew the magic words,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืกื™ืจ ืฉืื ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืกืžื™ื
05:57
this pot would just make as much food as you liked,
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ื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืื•ื•ืช ื ืคืฉืš,
06:00
without you having to do any work,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
06:02
provided you could remember the other magic word to stop it making porridge.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืกื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืกื”.
06:05
Otherwise you'd flood your entire town with warm porridge.
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ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืชืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš ืขื ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื—ืžื”.
06:09
There is the story of "The Elves and the Shoemaker."
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ "ื”ื’ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื ื“ืœืจื™ื".
06:12
The people who make shoes go to sleep, wake up in the morning,
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ื”ืกื ื“ืœืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
06:14
and all the shoes are magically made for them.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืกื•ื, ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
06:16
It's something that was unimaginable to people then.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืื–.
06:19
Now we have the seven-league boots
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื’ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืœื™ื’ื•ืช
06:22
in the form of Ryanair and Easyjet.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืกื” ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื™ื’'ื˜ ื•ืจื™ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ืจ.
06:25
We have the magic porridge pot
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืกื™ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืกืช ื”ืงืกืžื™ื
06:27
in the form of Walmart and Tesco.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžืจืงื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜ ื•ื˜ืกืงื•.
06:29
And we have the elves in the form of China.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื™ืŸ.
06:32
But we don't appreciate what an astonishing
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
06:36
thing that has been.
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ื ืขืฉื”.
06:38
And what are the stories that we tell ourselves now,
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ืžื”ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:40
as we look forward about where we're going to go.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:43
And I would argue that there are four. There is the idea of business as usual,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
06:46
that the future will be like the present, just more of it.
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ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืจืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื•.
06:49
But as we've seen over the last year, I think that's an idea
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
06:51
that is increasingly coming into question.
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ืฉืชื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื ืงื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:53
And in terms of climate change,
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ืžื™,
06:55
is something that is not actually feasible.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™.
06:59
There is the idea of hitting the wall,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืจ,
07:01
that actually somehow everything is so fragile
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™
07:04
that it might just all unravel and collapse.
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ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื ื•ืœืงืจื•ืก.
07:06
This is a popular story in some places.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
07:09
The third story is the idea that technology can solve everything,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ,
07:12
that technology can somehow get us through this completely.
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ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
07:16
And it's an idea that I think is very prevalent at these TED Talks,
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘-TEDtalks ื”ืืœื•,
07:20
the idea that we can invent our way out of a profound
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื›ืฉื”ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืชื•ืš
07:23
economic and energy crisis,
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ืขืžื•ืง,
07:25
that a move to a knowledge economy
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ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข
07:27
can somehow neatly sidestep those energy constraints,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงย ืžืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•,
07:30
the idea that we'll discover some fabulous new source of energy
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื’ืœื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืคืœื
07:33
that will mean we can sweep all concerns
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ืื’ื•ืช
07:35
about energy security to one side,
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
07:38
the idea that we can step off neatly
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืง
07:40
onto a completely renewable world.
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ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืจ-ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ.
07:42
But the world isn't Second Life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืืชืจ "Second Life".
07:44
We can't create new land and new energy systems at the click of a mouse.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืง ืขืœ ืขื›ื‘ืจ.
07:48
And as we sit, exchanging free ideas with each other,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
07:51
there are still people mining coal
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืจื™ื ืคื—ื
07:53
in order to power the servers, extracting the minerals
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ื›ื— ืœืฉืจืชื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื
07:55
to make all of those things.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:57
The breakfast that we eat as we sit down
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ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
07:59
to check our email in the morning
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ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
08:01
is still transported at great distances,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืขืช ืžืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
08:03
usually at the expense of the local, more resilient
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช
08:05
food systems that would have supplied that in the past,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
08:08
which we've so effectively devalued and dismantled.
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืคื™ืจืงื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ืคื™ื—ืชื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืŸ.
08:12
We can be astonishingly inventive and creative.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™-ืชื•ืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ืžื.
08:15
But we also live in a world with very real constraints and demands.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
08:19
Energy and technology are not the same thing.
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:22
What I'm involved with is the transition response.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ื–ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
08:24
And this is really about looking the challenges
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื
08:27
of peak oil and climate change square in the face,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
08:29
and responding with a creativity and an adaptability
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกืชื’ืœื ื•ืช
08:32
and an imagination that we really need.
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
08:35
It's something which has spread incredibly fast.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
08:38
And it is something which has several characteristics.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืคื™ื ื™ื.
08:40
It's viral. It seems to spread under the radar very, very quickly.
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ื–ื” ื•ื™ืจืืœื™. ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืื“ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ.
08:45
It's open source. It's something which everybody who's involved with it
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ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—. ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ื•
08:49
develops and passes on as they work with it.
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ืžืคืชื— ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืœืื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื–ื”.
08:53
It's self-organizing. There is no great central organization
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ื–ื” ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
08:56
that pushes this; people just pick up an idea
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ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”; ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขืœื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
08:58
and they run with it, and they implement it where they are.
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ื•ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื•ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
09:01
It's solutions-focused. It's very much looking at what people can do
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
09:04
where they are, to respond to this.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื”.
09:07
It's sensitive to place and to scale.
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ื–ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
09:09
Transitional is completely different.
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"ืžืขื‘ืจ" ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
09:11
Transition groups in Chile, transition groups in the U.S., transition groups here,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ,
09:15
what they're doing looks very different in every place that you go to.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืชืœื›ื•.
09:18
It learns very much from its mistakes.
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ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
09:20
And it feels historic. It tries to create a sense
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™. ื–ื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
09:23
that this is a historic opportunity
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
09:25
to do something really extraordinary.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
09:27
And it's a process which is really joyful.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ื ื”.
09:29
People have a huge amount of fun doing this,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฃ ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
09:31
reconnecting with other people as they do it.
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ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
09:34
One of the things that underpins it is this idea of resilience.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
09:37
And I think, in many ways, the idea of resilience
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช
09:40
is a more useful concept than the idea of sustainability.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืžืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
09:44
The idea of resilience comes from the study of ecology.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
09:46
And it's really about how systems,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
09:49
settlements, withstand shock from the outside.
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ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื–ืขื–ื•ืข ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
09:52
When they encounter shock from the outside
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ื–ืขื–ื•ืข ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
09:54
that they don't just unravel and fall to pieces.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืคื–ืจื™ื ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื.
09:56
And I think it's a more useful concept than sustainability, as I said.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืžืงื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื”.
10:00
When our supermarkets have only two or three days' worth of food in them
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ื›ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžืจืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืง ืœื™ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
10:04
at any one time, often sustainability tends to focus on
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“
10:07
the energy efficiency of the freezers
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ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื
10:09
and on the packaging that the lettuces are wrapped up in.
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ื•ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืกื” ืขื˜ื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ืŸ.
10:12
Looking through the lens of resilience,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ืขื“ืฉืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช,
10:14
we really question how we've let ourselves get into a situation
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ืื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืจืฉื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘
10:18
that's so vulnerable.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื’ื™ืข.
10:20
Resilience runs much deeper:
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ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ:
10:22
it's about building modularity into what we do,
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ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
10:24
building surge breakers into how we organize the basic things that support us.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•.
10:29
This is a photograph of the Bristol and District
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ืขื–ืจ
10:31
Market Gardeners Association, in 1897.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1897.
10:35
This is at a time when the city of Bristol,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืœ,
10:37
which is quite close to here,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืืŸ,
10:39
was surrounded by commercial market gardens,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื,
10:41
which provided a significant amount of the food
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ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืคืงื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
10:44
that was consumed in the town, and created a lot of employment for people, as well.
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ืฉื ืฆืจื›ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื’ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:48
There was a degree of resilience, if you like, at that time,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”
10:51
which we can now only look back on with envy.
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืงื ืื”.
10:55
So how does this transition idea work?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
10:57
So basically, you have a group of people who are excited by the idea.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื™ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
11:00
They pick up some of the tools that we've developed.
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ื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•.
11:03
They start to run an awareness-raising program
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจืžืช-ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
11:05
looking at how this might actually work in the town.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
11:08
They show films, they give talks, and so on.
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ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ื”ื ืžืจืฆื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.
11:10
It's a process which is playful and creative
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ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื”ื ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
11:13
and informative.
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ื•ืื ื™ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
11:15
Then they start to form working groups, looking at different aspects of this,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
11:18
and then from that, there emerge a whole lot of projects
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ื•ืื– ืžื–ื”, ืžื’ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื
11:21
which then the transition project itself
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•
11:23
starts to support and enable.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ.
11:28
So it started out with some work I was involved in in Ireland,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“,
11:30
where I was teaching, and has since spread.
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ื›ืฉืœื™ืžื“ืชื™, ื•ืžืื– ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜.
11:32
There are now over 200 formal transition projects.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-200 ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื.
11:35
And there are thousands of others who are at what we call the mulling stage.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื•ืช.
11:39
They are mulling whether they're going to take it further.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื ื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื–ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
11:41
And actually a lot of them are doing huge amounts of stuff.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:44
But what do they actually do? You know, it's a kind of nice idea,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื“.
11:46
but what do they actually do on the ground?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—?
11:48
Well, I think it's really important to make the point that actually
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื
11:52
you know, this isn't something which is going to do everything on its own.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
11:55
We need international legislation from Copenhagen and so on.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
11:59
We need national responses. We need local government responses.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
12:02
But all of those things are going to be much easier
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœื™ื
12:05
if we have communities that are vibrant and coming up with ideas
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ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
12:08
and leading from the front, making unelectable policies electable,
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ื•ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืžื”ื—ื–ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ืจ,
12:11
over the next 5 to 10 years.
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:13
Some of the things that emerge from it are local food projects,
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ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื–ื” ื”ื ืžื–ืžื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
12:16
like community-supported agriculture schemes,
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ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
12:18
urban food production, creating local food directories, and so on.
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.
12:22
A lot of places now are starting to set up their own energy companies,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื”ื,
12:25
community-owned energy companies,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช- ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช,
12:27
where the community can invest money into itself,
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ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื”,
12:29
to start putting in place
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžึทืฆื‘
12:31
the kind of renewable energy infrastructure that we need.
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ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจืช-ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
12:33
A lot of places are working with their local schools.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืชื™-ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
12:36
Newent in the Forest of Dean: big polytunnel they built for the school;
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ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” Newent ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื– Forest of Dean, ื‘ื ื• ื—ืžืžื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
12:38
the kids are learning how to grow food.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืš ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ.
12:40
Promoting recycling, things like garden-share,
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ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ื ื”-ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช,
12:43
that matches up people who don't have a garden
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ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ื ื”
12:45
who would like to grow food, with people who have gardens they aren't using anymore.
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:48
Planting productive trees throughout urban spaces.
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ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™.
12:51
And also starting to play around with the idea of
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ
12:53
alternative currencies.
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ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื™.
12:55
This is Lewes in Sussex,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” Lewes ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– Sussex,
12:57
who have recently launched the Lewes Pound,
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ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”"ืœื•ืื™ืก-ืคืื•ื ื“",
13:00
a currency that you can only spend within the town,
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ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ,
13:02
as a way of starting to cycle money within the local economy.
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
13:05
You take it anywhere else, it's not worth anything.
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ืื ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื•ื.
13:07
But actually within the town you start to create these economic
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
13:10
cycles much more effectively.
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ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:13
Another thing that they do is what we call an energy descent plan,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
13:15
which is basically to develop a plan B for the town.
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ืฉื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื–ื” ืœืคืชื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
13:18
Most of our local authorities, when they sit down to plan
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ืŸ
13:21
for the next five, 10, 15, 20 years of a community,
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ืืช ื”-5, 10, 15, 20 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
13:24
still start by assuming that there will be more energy,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
13:27
more cars, more housing,
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ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ื,
13:29
more jobs, more growth, and so on.
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ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ืขื•ื“ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
13:31
What does it look like if that's not the case? And how can we embrace that
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื”? ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”
13:34
and actually come up with something that was actually more likely
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ
13:36
to sustain everybody?
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ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•?
13:38
As a friend of mine says, "Life is a series of things you're not quite ready for."
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ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื".
13:43
And that's certainly been my experience with transition.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
13:45
From three years ago, it just being an idea,
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ืžืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
13:47
this has become something that has virally swept around the world.
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
13:51
We're getting a lot of interest from government. Ed Miliband,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื‘ื ื“,
13:53
the energy minister of this country, was invited to come to our recent conference
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ืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
13:57
as a keynote listener.
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ื›ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
13:59
Which he did --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ืื–ื™ืŸ...
14:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:02
(Applause) --
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:05
and has since become a great advocate of the whole idea.
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ื•ืžืื– ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
14:09
There are now two local authorities in this country
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
14:12
who have declared themselves transitional local authorities,
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ืฉื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื›ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
14:14
Leicestershire and Somerset. And in Stroud,
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Leicestershire ื•- Somerset.ื•ื‘- Stroud,
14:16
the transition group there, in effect, wrote the local government's food plan.
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™.
14:21
And the head of the council said,
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ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืžืจ
14:23
"If we didn't have Transition Stroud, we would have to invent
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"ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘-Stroud, ื”ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
14:25
all of that community infrastructure for the first time."
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•"
14:29
As we see the spread of it, we see national hubs emerging.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
14:32
In Scotland, the Scottish government's climate change fund
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ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
14:35
has funded Transition Scotland
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ืžืกื‘ืกื“ืช ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“
14:37
as a national organization supporting the spread of this.
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ื›ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
14:40
And we see it all over the place as well now.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
14:43
But the key to transition is thinking not that we have to change everything now,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
14:46
but that things are already inevitably changing,
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ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข,
14:49
and what we need to do is to work creatively with that,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™,
14:52
based on asking the right questions.
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ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
14:55
I think I'd like to just return at the end
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ
14:57
to the idea of stories.
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
14:59
Because I think stories are vital here.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
15:01
And actually the stories that we tell ourselves,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
15:03
we have a huge dearth of stories about how to move forward creatively from here.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื ื•ืข ืžื›ืืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
15:08
And one of the key things that transition does
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื”
15:10
is to pull those stories out of what people are doing.
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ื–ื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
15:12
Stories about the community that's produced
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื”
15:15
its own 21 pound note, for example,
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ืฉื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 21 ืคืื•ื ื“, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
15:18
the school that's turned its car park into a food garden,
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ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื’ื™ื ืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช,
15:21
the community that's founded its own energy company.
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
15:24
And for me, one of the great stories recently
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
15:26
was the Obamas digging up the south lawn of the White House
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื—ืคืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ืฉืื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ
15:29
to create a vegetable garden. Because the last time that was done,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื™ื ืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื”,
15:31
when Eleanor Roosevelt did it,
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ืฉืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื”,
15:33
it led to the creation of 20 million vegetable gardens across the United States.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืจืง ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
15:38
So the question I'd like to leave you with, really,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื›ื, ื‘ืืžืช,
15:40
is -- for all aspects of the things that your community needs
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ื”ื™ื -- ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
15:44
in order to thrive,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื’ืฉื’,
15:46
how can it be done in such a way
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
15:48
that drastically reduces its carbon emissions,
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ื”ืžืฆืžืฆื ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
15:51
while also building resilience?
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
15:53
Personally, I feel enormously grateful
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจ ืชื•ื“ื”
15:55
to have lived through the age of cheap oil.
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื–ื•ืœ.
15:58
I've been astonishingly lucky, we've been astonishingly lucky.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
16:02
But let us honor what it has bought us,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ืงื ื” ืœื ื•,
16:04
and move forward from this point.
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ื•ื ื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
16:06
Because if we cling to it, and continue to assume
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ื›ื™ ืื ื ืฆืžื“ ืืœื™ื” ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืขืจ
16:08
that it can underpin our choices,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
16:11
the future that it presents to us is one which is really unmanageable.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžืฆืคื” ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ.
16:14
And by loving and leaving all that oil has done for us,
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ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ืœืง ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•,
16:17
and that the Oil Age has done for us,
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ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืง ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•,
16:19
we are able to then begin the creation
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช
16:21
of a world which is more resilient,
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ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:24
more nourishing,
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ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:26
and in which, we find ourselves fitter, more skilled
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:29
and more connected to each other.
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ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
16:31
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
16:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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