Rob Hopkins: Transition to a world without oil

175,802 views ใƒป 2009-11-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seokjun Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jun Ha Park
00:18
As a culture, we tell ourselves lots of stories
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:21
about the future,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:23
and where we might move forward from this point.
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Some of those stories are that
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์ด๋“ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
00:27
somebody is just going to sort everything out for us.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:30
Other stories are that everything is on the verge of unraveling.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ํ’€๋ฆด๊ฒƒ์ด๋”” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
But I want to tell you a different story here today.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Like all stories, it has a beginning.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ธฐ์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
My work, for a long time, has been involved in education,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
in teaching people practical skills
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:44
for sustainability,
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์‹ค์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฉฐ,
00:46
teaching people how to take responsibility
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:48
for growing some of their own food,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
how to build buildings using local materials,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€,
00:52
how to generate their own energy, and so on.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
00:55
I lived in Ireland, built the first straw-bale houses in Ireland,
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ฐ€์ง‘์ด๋‚˜,
00:59
and some cob buildings and all this kind of thing.
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ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
But all my work for many years was focused
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:05
around the idea that sustainability
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
01:07
means basically looking at
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—
01:09
the globalized economic growth model,
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
and moderating what comes in at one end,
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ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์—์„  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ ,
01:14
and moderating the outputs at the other end.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And then I came into contact with a way of looking at things
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ
01:20
which actually changed that profoundly.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
And in order to introduce you to that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•ž์„œ,
01:24
I've got something here that I'm going to unveil,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
01:26
which is one of the great marvels of the modern age.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And it's something so astounding and so astonishing
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ—๊ฒŠ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
01:31
that I think maybe as I remove this cloth
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
a suitable gasp of amazement might be appropriate.
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๋†€๋ผ์›€์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์ ˆํ• ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
01:37
If you could help me with that it would be fantastic.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:45
This is a liter of oil.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„์œ  1๋ฆฌํ„ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
This bottle of oil,
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์ด ํ•œ๋ณ‘์˜ ์„์œ 
01:51
distilled over a hundred million years of geological time,
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์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ต๋…„์ด์ƒ ์ •์ œ๋˜์–ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
01:54
ancient sunlight,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
contains the energy equivalent of about five weeks
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ 5์ฃผ๋™์•ˆ
01:58
hard human manual labor --
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ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
equivalent to about 35 strong people
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ํž˜์ข‹์€ 35๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
02:05
coming round and working for you.
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์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
We can turn it into a dazzling array of materials,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
medicine, modern clothing,
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์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ, ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋“ค,
02:14
laptops, a whole range of different things.
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๋žฉํ†ฑ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํญ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
02:18
It gives us an energy return that's unimaginable, historically.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
We've based the design of our settlements,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ •์ฐฉ(ๅฎš็€)์˜ ๋ฐ‘๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๊ณ ,
02:25
our business models, our transport plans,
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด๊ณ„,
02:27
even the idea of economic growth, some would argue,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
02:30
on the assumption that we will have this in perpetuity.
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์˜์›ํžˆ ์“ธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Yet, when we take a step back,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
02:37
and look over the span of history,
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์†Œ์œ„ ์„์œ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:39
at what we might call the petroleum interval,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:42
it's a short period in history
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:44
where we've discovered this extraordinary material,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์˜จ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š”
02:47
and then based a whole way of life around it.
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๊ธธ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
But as we straddle the top of this energy mountain, at this stage,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•‰์•„์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
we move from a time where our economic success,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฒˆ์˜,
02:57
our sense of individual prowess and well-being
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นจ๋‹ณ์Œ, ์ž˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
03:00
is directly linked to how much of this we consume,
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์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:04
to a time when actually our degree of oil dependency
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์˜ค์ผ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋˜ํ•œ
03:07
is our degree of vulnerability.
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์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And it's increasingly clear that we
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์ ์ฐจ ๋ช…ํ™•์— ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:11
aren't going to be able to rely on the fact that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:13
we're going to have this at our disposal forever.
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์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
For every four barrels of oil that we consume,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 4๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ• ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:18
we only discover one.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 1๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด ๋ฐ–์— ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
And that gap continues to widen.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
There is also the fact that the amount of energy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:24
that we get back from the oil that we discover is falling.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์–‘์ด ์ ์  ์ค„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
In the 1930s we got 100 units of energy back
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1930๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 1๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์—์„œ 100์œ ๋‹›์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
03:30
for every one that we put in to extract it.
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์ถ”์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:33
Completely unprecedented, historically.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” 1๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 11์œ ๋‹›์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:35
Already that's fallen to about 11.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ „๋ก€์—†๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:37
And that's why, now,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:39
the new breakthroughs, the new frontiers
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์•จ๋ฒ„ํƒ€(์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค)๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์–‘ ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
03:41
in terms of oil extraction are scrambling about in Alberta,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ง€๋“ค์„
03:44
or at the bottom of the oceans.
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์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ์• ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
There are 98 oil-producing nations in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” 98๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
But of those, 65 have already passed their peak.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ 65๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ ˆ์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
The moment when the world on average passes this peak,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์ด ์ ˆ์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š”
03:55
people wonder when that's going to happen.
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
And there is an emerging case
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘๋…„ 7์›”์ฏค
03:58
that maybe that was what happened last July
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์„์œ ๊ฐ’์ด ํญ๋“ฑํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
04:00
when the oil prices were so high.
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๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋˜ํ•œ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
But are we to assume that the same brilliance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„
04:04
and creativity and adaptability
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜
04:06
that got us up to the top of that energy mountain in the first place
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์žฌ์น˜์™€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด
04:09
is somehow mysteriously going to evaporate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ• ๋•Œ
04:12
when we have to design a creative way back down the other side?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊นจ๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:16
No. But the thinking that we have to come up with
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:19
has to be based on a realistic assessment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
04:22
of where we are.
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์„ ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
There is also the issue of climate change,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
is the other thing that underpins this transition approach.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
But the thing that I notice, as I talk to climate scientists,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:31
is the increasingly terrified look they have in their eyes,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋ชจ์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ,
04:34
as the data that's coming in,
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์ด๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
which is far ahead of what the IPCC are talking about.
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IPCC๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
04:40
So the IPCC said
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IPCC์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
04:42
that we might see significant breakup
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„
04:44
of the arctic ice in 2100, in their worst case scenario.
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2100๋…„๊ฒฝ ๋ถ๊ทน ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Actually, if current trends continue,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:50
it could all be gone in five or 10 years' time.
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5๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 10๋…„์ด๋‚ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
If just three percent of the carbon locked up in the arctic permafrost
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์˜๊ตฌ ํ†ตํ† ์ธต์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ 3ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€
04:56
is released as the world warms,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๋ ค๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:58
it would offset all the savings that we need to make,
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์ฐจํ›„ 40๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
05:00
in carbon, over the next 40 years to avoid runaway climate change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋ฌดํšจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
We have no choice other than deep and urgent decarbonization.
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์‹ฌ๋„์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
But I'm always very interested to think about
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ €๋Š” ํ›„๋Œ€์— ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ
05:10
what might the stories be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ์š”.
05:12
that the generations further down the slope from us
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด
05:15
are going to tell about us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
"The generation that lived at the top of the mountain,
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"์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์€
05:20
that partied so hard, and so abused its inheritance."
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋‹ค ์‚ด ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค ๋ง์ณค๋ฐ."
05:25
And one of the ways I like to do that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:27
is to look back at the stories people used to tell
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์ด์ œ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
before we had cheap oil, before we had fossil fuels,
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์‹ผ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ์ „์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—
05:32
and people relied on their own muscle, animal muscle energy,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทผ์œก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:35
or a little bit of wind, little bit of water energy.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ’๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:38
We had stories like "The Seven-League Boots":
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ '7๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฐœ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ญ์ฃผ:์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋™ํ™”์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ)
05:41
the giant who had these boots, where, once you put them on,
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ด ์‹ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด
05:43
with every stride you could cover seven leagues, or 21 miles,
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ํ•œ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์— 7๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰ 21๋งˆ์ผ(์•ฝ34km)์„ ๊ฑธ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
a kind of travel completely unimaginable
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์„์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
05:49
to people without that kind of energy at their disposal.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Stories like The Magic Porridge Pot,
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๋งˆ์ˆ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:55
where you had a pot where if you knew the magic words,
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์ด ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ฉด
05:57
this pot would just make as much food as you liked,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
without you having to do any work,
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
06:02
provided you could remember the other magic word to stop it making porridge.
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ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Otherwise you'd flood your entire town with warm porridge.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:09
There is the story of "The Elves and the Shoemaker."
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'์š”์ •๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋‘๊ณต' ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
The people who make shoes go to sleep, wake up in the morning,
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๊ตฌ๋‘์žฅ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ณ  ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
06:14
and all the shoes are magically made for them.
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์š”์ •๋“ค์ด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋†“๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
It's something that was unimaginable to people then.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Now we have the seven-league boots
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '7๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฐœ'์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
in the form of Ryanair and Easyjet.
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Ryanair ๋‚˜ Easyjet ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . (์—ญ์ฃผ:์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ €๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ)
06:25
We have the magic porridge pot
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๋งˆ์ˆ  ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
in the form of Walmart and Tesco.
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์›”๋งˆํŠธ๋‚˜ ํ…Œ์Šค์ฝ”๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆํŠธ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:29
And we have the elves in the form of China.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ •๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
But we don't appreciate what an astonishing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:36
thing that has been.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And what are the stories that we tell ourselves now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋„
06:40
as we look forward about where we're going to go.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And I would argue that there are four. There is the idea of business as usual,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”. ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” '๋Š˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ผ' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
06:46
that the future will be like the present, just more of it.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:49
But as we've seen over the last year, I think that's an idea
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ๋ณผ๋•Œ, ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
06:51
that is increasingly coming into question.
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์ ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And in terms of climate change,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:55
is something that is not actually feasible.
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ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
There is the idea of hitting the wall,
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Hitting the wall ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ (์—ญ์ฃผ:ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ)
07:01
that actually somehow everything is so fragile
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์‹ค์€ ์–ด์ฉ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ
07:04
that it might just all unravel and collapse.
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ•๊ดดํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:06
This is a popular story in some places.
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์–ด๋–ค๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ฃ .
07:09
The third story is the idea that technology can solve everything,
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
that technology can somehow get us through this completely.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ด ๋‚œ๊ด€์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทน๋ณต์‹œ์ผœ์ค„๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
And it's an idea that I think is very prevalent at these TED Talks,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TED์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:20
the idea that we can invent our way out of a profound
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ
07:23
economic and energy crisis,
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๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
that a move to a knowledge economy
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์ง€์‹๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด
07:27
can somehow neatly sidestep those energy constraints,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:30
the idea that we'll discover some fabulous new source of energy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด
07:33
that will mean we can sweep all concerns
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„
07:35
about energy security to one side,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
the idea that we can step off neatly
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
07:40
onto a completely renewable world.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:42
But the world isn't Second Life.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ '์„ธ์ปจ๋“œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„'์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ญ์ฃผ:์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ธ๊ณ„. ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„)
07:44
We can't create new land and new energy systems at the click of a mouse.
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํด๋ฆญ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And as we sit, exchanging free ideas with each other,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•‰์•„์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
07:51
there are still people mining coal
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์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์ „์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:53
in order to power the servers, extracting the minerals
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์„ํƒ„์„ ์บ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
07:55
to make all of those things.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด‘์„์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:57
The breakfast that we eat as we sit down
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ์•„์นจ ํŽธํžˆ ์•‰์•„
07:59
to check our email in the morning
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋จน๋Š”
08:01
is still transported at great distances,
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๊ทธ ์‹์‚ฌ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ ๋ผ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
usually at the expense of the local, more resilient
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆํ•˜ํ–ˆ๋˜
08:05
food systems that would have supplied that in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ข€ ๋” ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณต๊ธ‰
08:08
which we've so effectively devalued and dismantled.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
We can be astonishingly inventive and creative.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šธ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
But we also live in a world with very real constraints and demands.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์š”์ ์ธ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Energy and technology are not the same thing.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
What I'm involved with is the transition response.
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์ €๋Š” Transition Response์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And this is really about looking the challenges
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„์œ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€
08:27
of peak oil and climate change square in the face,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋„์ „์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
and responding with a creativity and an adaptability
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์— ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
and an imagination that we really need.
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
It's something which has spread incredibly fast.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
And it is something which has several characteristics.
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์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
It's viral. It seems to spread under the radar very, very quickly.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
It's open source. It's something which everybody who's involved with it
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:49
develops and passes on as they work with it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
It's self-organizing. There is no great central organization
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ™์€
08:56
that pushes this; people just pick up an idea
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๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ
08:58
and they run with it, and they implement it where they are.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ถ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It's solutions-focused. It's very much looking at what people can do
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
09:04
where they are, to respond to this.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
It's sensitive to place and to scale.
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์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Transitional is completely different.
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Transition groups in Chile, transition groups in the U.S., transition groups here,
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์น ๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์˜ Transition ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š”
09:15
what they're doing looks very different in every place that you go to.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
It learns very much from its mistakes.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
And it feels historic. It tries to create a sense
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋“ค ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€
09:23
that this is a historic opportunity
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์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š”
09:25
to do something really extraordinary.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And it's a process which is really joyful.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณผ์ •์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
People have a huge amount of fun doing this,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
09:31
reconnecting with other people as they do it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
One of the things that underpins it is this idea of resilience.
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Transition์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And I think, in many ways, the idea of resilience
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ ์—์„œ
09:40
is a more useful concept than the idea of sustainability.
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์ง€์†์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
The idea of resilience comes from the study of ecology.
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
And it's really about how systems,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
09:49
settlements, withstand shock from the outside.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ •์ฐฉ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
When they encounter shock from the outside
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
09:54
that they don't just unravel and fall to pieces.
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์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And I think it's a more useful concept than sustainability, as I said.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
When our supermarkets have only two or three days' worth of food in them
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์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ๊ฒจ์šฐ 2~3์ผ์น˜๋งŒํผ์˜ ์Œ์‹๋งŒ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:04
at any one time, often sustainability tends to focus on
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์ง€์†์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:07
the energy efficiency of the freezers
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ
10:09
and on the packaging that the lettuces are wrapped up in.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ถ”๋ฅผ ํฌ์žฅํ•ด์„œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š๋ƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Looking through the lens of resilience,
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์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:14
we really question how we've let ourselves get into a situation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
10:18
that's so vulnerable.
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๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ• ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Resilience runs much deeper:
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์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:22
it's about building modularity into what we do,
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์ด๊ฑฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
10:24
building surge breakers into how we organize the basic things that support us.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
This is a photograph of the Bristol and District
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1897๋…„์— ์ฐํžŒ
10:31
Market Gardeners Association, in 1897.
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Bristol and District ์‹œ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
This is at a time when the city of Bristol,
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๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ†จ์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ(์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ)์™€
10:37
which is quite close to here,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:39
was surrounded by commercial market gardens,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ
10:41
which provided a significant amount of the food
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์ƒ์—… ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
that was consumed in the town, and created a lot of employment for people, as well.
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์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
There was a degree of resilience, if you like, at that time,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
10:51
which we can now only look back on with envy.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์งˆํˆฌ์„ž์ธ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
So how does this transition idea work?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ด Transition์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:57
So basically, you have a group of people who are excited by the idea.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์—ด๊ด‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
They pick up some of the tools that we've developed.
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์ด๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
They start to run an awareness-raising program
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉฐ,
11:05
looking at how this might actually work in the town.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
They show films, they give talks, and so on.
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์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:10
It's a process which is playful and creative
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
and informative.
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๊ต์œก์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
11:15
Then they start to form working groups, looking at different aspects of this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›Œํ‚น๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
and then from that, there emerge a whole lot of projects
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ Transition ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ
11:21
which then the transition project itself
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๋– ๋ฐ›์น˜๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
11:23
starts to support and enable.
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
So it started out with some work I was involved in in Ireland,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ผ๊ณผ
11:30
where I was teaching, and has since spread.
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๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
There are now over 200 formal transition projects.
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์ด์ œ 200์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ Transition ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
And there are thousands of others who are at what we call the mulling stage.
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์†Œ์œ„ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ™๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์†ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
They are mulling whether they're going to take it further.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
And actually a lot of them are doing huge amounts of stuff.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
But what do they actually do? You know, it's a kind of nice idea,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
but what do they actually do on the ground?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
11:48
Well, I think it's really important to make the point that actually
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๋„ค, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง‘๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
11:52
you know, this isn't something which is going to do everything on its own.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
We need international legislation from Copenhagen and so on.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ธฐํ›„ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ• ์žฌ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
We need national responses. We need local government responses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
But all of those things are going to be much easier
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
if we have communities that are vibrant and coming up with ideas
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๋‹จ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์— ์ ๊ทน ๋™์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:08
and leading from the front, making unelectable policies electable,
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์„ ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ, ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์ด
12:11
over the next 5 to 10 years.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 5~10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œํ•˜์—์š”.
12:13
Some of the things that emerge from it are local food projects,
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์ด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
like community-supported agriculture schemes,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋†์—… ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜
12:18
urban food production, creating local food directories, and so on.
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๋„์‹œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์ง€์—ญ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
12:22
A lot of places now are starting to set up their own energy companies,
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—…,
12:25
community-owned energy companies,
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์ฆ‰, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
12:27
where the community can invest money into itself,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„
12:29
to start putting in place
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๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
the kind of renewable energy infrastructure that we need.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
A lot of places are working with their local schools.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Newent in the Forest of Dean: big polytunnel they built for the school;
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Newent and the Forest of Dean ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์—์„ 
12:38
the kids are learning how to grow food.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Promoting recycling, things like garden-share,
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์›๊ณต์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
12:43
that matches up people who don't have a garden
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์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์›์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:45
who would like to grow food, with people who have gardens they aren't using anymore.
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์ •์›์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
Planting productive trees throughout urban spaces.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ณผ์ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
12:51
And also starting to play around with the idea of
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๋Œ€์•ˆ ํ™”ํ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋˜ํ•œ
12:53
alternative currencies.
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ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
This is Lewes in Sussex,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
12:57
who have recently launched the Lewes Pound,
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Lewes Sussex๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
13:00
a currency that you can only spend within the town,
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ํ™”ํ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์“ธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:02
as a way of starting to cycle money within the local economy.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•˜์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
You take it anywhere else, it's not worth anything.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋””์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ๋“ค ์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
But actually within the town you start to create these economic
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:10
cycles much more effectively.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
Another thing that they do is what we call an energy descent plan,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ธ์Šต ๊ณ„ํš ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
13:15
which is basically to develop a plan B for the town.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Most of our local authorities, when they sit down to plan
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹น๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ 5๋…„ 10๋…„
13:21
for the next five, 10, 15, 20 years of a community,
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15๋…„ 20๋…„ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ• ๋•Œ
13:24
still start by assuming that there will be more energy,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€,
13:27
more cars, more housing,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘,
13:29
more jobs, more growth, and so on.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
What does it look like if that's not the case? And how can we embrace that
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋“ค์„
13:34
and actually come up with something that was actually more likely
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๋งž๋”ฑ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
13:36
to sustain everybody?
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:38
As a friend of mine says, "Life is a series of things you're not quite ready for."
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
And that's certainly been my experience with transition.
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3๋…„์ „์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:45
From three years ago, it just being an idea,
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Transition๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ๋ณผ๋•Œ
13:47
this has become something that has virally swept around the world.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํœฉ์“ฐ๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
We're getting a lot of interest from government. Ed Miliband,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์  ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
the energy minister of this country, was invited to come to our recent conference
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์˜๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์ธ ์—๋“œ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—
13:57
as a keynote listener.
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์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Which he did --
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
14:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:02
(Applause) --
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:05
and has since become a great advocate of the whole idea.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํฐ ์ง€์ง€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
There are now two local authorities in this country
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์ด์ œ ์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ
14:12
who have declared themselves transitional local authorities,
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Transition ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
14:14
Leicestershire and Somerset. And in Stroud,
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์ƒค์ด์–ด์™€ ์†Œ๋จธ์…‹ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์—์„œ
14:16
the transition group there, in effect, wrote the local government's food plan.
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Transition ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
And the head of the council said,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์˜ํšŒ์žฅ๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
14:23
"If we didn't have Transition Stroud, we would have to invent
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ Transition ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:25
all of that community infrastructure for the first time."
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ž๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
14:29
As we see the spread of it, we see national hubs emerging.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
In Scotland, the Scottish government's climate change fund
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ด
14:35
has funded Transition Scotland
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Transition ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์— ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
as a national organization supporting the spread of this.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:40
And we see it all over the place as well now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
But the key to transition is thinking not that we have to change everything now,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:46
but that things are already inevitably changing,
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
14:49
and what we need to do is to work creatively with that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:52
based on asking the right questions.
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
I think I'd like to just return at the end
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์„
14:57
to the idea of stories.
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๊ณฑ์”น์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Because I think stories are vital here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
And actually the stories that we tell ourselves,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ค‘์—์„œ
15:03
we have a huge dearth of stories about how to move forward creatively from here.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
And one of the key things that transition does
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Transition์ด ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
15:10
is to pull those stories out of what people are doing.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
Stories about the community that's produced
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ 21ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ง€ํ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
15:15
its own 21 pound note, for example,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜,
15:18
the school that's turned its car park into a food garden,
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์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์„ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ •์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค,
15:21
the community that's founded its own energy company.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
And for me, one of the great stories recently
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
15:26
was the Obamas digging up the south lawn of the White House
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋ฏธ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ๋ฅผ ํŒŒํ•ด์ณ
15:29
to create a vegetable garden. Because the last time that was done,
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์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์–ด ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ๋ฒจํŠธ๊ฐ€
15:31
when Eleanor Roosevelt did it,
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์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ ๋ณด๋ฉด
15:33
it led to the creation of 20 million vegetable gardens across the United States.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด 2์ฒœ๋งŒ์—ฌ ์•ผ์ฑ„์ •์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
So the question I'd like to leave you with, really,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
is -- for all aspects of the things that your community needs
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
15:44
in order to thrive,
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์ฆ‰, ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
15:46
how can it be done in such a way
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
15:48
that drastically reduces its carbon emissions,
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๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
15:51
while also building resilience?
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:53
Personally, I feel enormously grateful
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์„์œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
15:55
to have lived through the age of cheap oil.
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์‚ด์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
I've been astonishingly lucky, we've been astonishingly lucky.
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์ „ ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์–ด์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
But let us honor what it has bought us,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
16:04
and move forward from this point.
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
Because if we cling to it, and continue to assume
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์„์œ ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
16:08
that it can underpin our choices,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ค„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด,
16:11
the future that it presents to us is one which is really unmanageable.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”์•„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํ†ต์ œํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
And by loving and leaving all that oil has done for us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์˜จ๊ฒƒ์„
16:17
and that the Oil Age has done for us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„์œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์˜จ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:19
we are able to then begin the creation
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๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:21
of a world which is more resilient,
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์ข€ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„,
16:24
more nourishing,
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์ข€ ๋” ํ’์œ ๋กญ๊ณ ,
16:26
and in which, we find ourselves fitter, more skilled
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ, ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ 
16:29
and more connected to each other.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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