How whistle-blowers shape history | Kelly Richmond Pope

106,111 views ใƒป 2018-11-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: maor madmon
00:13
How many of us have ever seen something,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืืชื ื• ืจืื• ืื™ ืคืขื ืžืฉื”ื•
00:16
thought that we should report it, but decided not to?
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช?
00:21
And not that I need to see a show of hands,
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ื•ืœื ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
00:23
but I'm sure this has happened to someone in this room before.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
00:26
In fact, when this question was asked to a group of employees,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื,
00:29
46 percent of them responded by saying that they had seen something
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46 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืจืื• ืžืฉื”ื•
00:32
and decided not to report it.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•.
00:34
So if you raised your hand, or quietly raised your hand,
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ืื– ืื ื”ืจืžืชื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ื–ืืช ื‘ืกืชืจ,
00:37
don't feel bad, you're not alone.
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ืืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืจืข, ืืชื ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
00:40
This message of if you see something to say something
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื– ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
00:43
is really all around us.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืžืฆื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
00:45
Even when driving down the highway, you see billboards like this,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
00:49
encouraging us to report crime without revealing ourselves.
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ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื›ื.
00:52
But I still feel like a lot of us are really uncomfortable
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื—
00:55
coming forward in the name of the truth.
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ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืžืช.
00:57
I'm an accounting professor, and I do fraud research.
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ืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื”ื•ื ืื”.
01:00
And in my class, I encourage my students to come forward with information
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
01:04
if they see it.
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ืื ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
01:05
Or in other words, encouraging my students to become whistle-blowers.
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ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืฉื ื™ื.
01:09
But if I'm being completely honest with myself,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื ื” ืขื ืขืฆืžื™,
01:12
I am really conflicted with this message that I'm sending to my students.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
01:15
And here's why.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:18
Whistle-blowers are under attack.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ืžืชืงืคื”.
01:21
Headline after headline shows us this.
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ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
01:25
Many people choose not to become whistle-blowers
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืœืฉื ื™ื
01:28
due to the fear of retaliation.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื ืงืžื”.
01:30
From demotions to death threats,
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ืžื”ืจืขืช ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช,
01:34
to job loss --
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ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืคืจื ืกื” -
01:36
perpetual job loss.
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืคืจื ืกื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™.
01:38
Choosing to become a whistle-blower is an uphill battle.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืœืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืื‘ืง ืชืžื™ื“ื™.
01:41
Their loyalty becomes into question.
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ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื‘ื—ื ืช.
01:44
Their motives, their trustworthiness.
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ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:47
So how can I, as a professor who really cares about her students
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื™, ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
01:51
encourage them to become whistle-blowers,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืœืฉื ื™ื
01:53
when I know how the world truly feels about them?
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื?
01:56
So, one day I was getting ready for my annual whistle-blower lecture
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ืื–, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืžืœืฉื ื™ื
01:59
with my students.
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ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ืคื•ืจื‘ืก",
02:01
And I was working on an article for "Forbes,"
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ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” "ื•ื•ืœืก-ืคืืจื’ื• ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื.
02:03
entitled "Wells Fargo and Millennial Whistle-blowing.
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02:05
What Do We Tell Them?"
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื?"
ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื”,
02:07
And as I was working on this piece and reading about the case,
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02:10
I became outraged.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืขืฆื‘ื ืชื™.
02:11
And what made me angry was when I came to the fact and realized
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชื™ ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
02:15
that the employees that tried to whistle-blow
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ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช
02:18
were actually fired.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ืจื•.
02:20
And it really made me think
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
02:21
about the message that I was sharing with my students.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
02:24
And it made me think: What if my students had been Wells Fargo employees?
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืžื” ืื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืœืก-ืคืืจื’ื•?
02:29
On the one hand, if they whistle-blew, they would have gotten fired.
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื˜ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:33
But on the other hand,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
02:34
if they didn't report the frauds that they knew,
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ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื•,
02:37
the way current regulation is written,
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ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:39
employees are held responsible
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื
02:42
if they knew something and didn't report it.
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœื™ื•.
02:44
So criminal prosecution is a real option.
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ืื– ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืช.
02:47
What's a person supposed to do with those type of odds?
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ืžื” ืื“ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื•?
02:50
I of all people know the valuable contributions
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
02:54
that whistle-blowers make.
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ืฉืžืœืฉื ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื.
02:56
In fact, most frauds are discovered by them.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื.
02:59
Forty two percent of frauds are discovered by a whistle-blower
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42 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืฉื ื™ื
03:02
in comparison to other methods,
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:04
like measurement review and external audit.
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื•"ื— ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืกืงื™ืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
03:07
And when you think about some of the more classic
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืงืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื”
03:09
or historical fraud cases,
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ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
03:11
it always is around a whistle-blower.
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ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืœืฉืŸ.
03:14
Think Watergate -- discovered by a whistle-blower.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื•ื•ื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ - ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืฉืŸ.
03:16
Think Enron -- discovered by a whistle-blower.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื ืจื•ืŸ - ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืฉืŸ.
03:19
And who can forget about Bernard Madoff, discovered by a whistle-blower?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ืžื™ื™ื“ื•ืฃ, ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืฉืŸ?
03:24
It takes a tremendous amount of courage to come forward in the name of the truth.
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžืฅ ืœืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืžืช.
03:28
But when we think about the term whistle-blower,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืžืœืฉืŸ,
03:31
we often think of some very descriptive words:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช:
03:35
rat,
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ื—ืคืจืคืจืช,
03:37
snake,
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ื ื—ืฉ,
03:39
traitor,
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ื‘ื•ื’ื“,
03:40
tattletale, weasel.
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ืฉื˜ื™ื ืงืจ, ืกืžื•ืจ.
03:43
And those are the nice words, the ones I can say from the stage.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื•ืช. ืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
03:46
And so when I'm not in class,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
03:48
I go around the country and I interview white-collar felons,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืจืื™ื™ื ืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ,
03:51
whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื”.
03:53
Because really I'm trying to understand what makes them tick
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื
03:56
and to bring those experiences back into the classroom.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื›ื™ืชื”.
03:59
But it's my interviews with whistle-blowers that really stick with me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื™ืชื™.
04:03
And they stick with me,
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ื•ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื™ืชื™,
04:04
because they make me question my own courage.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ืฉืœื™ ืขืฆืžื™.
04:07
When given the opportunity, would I actually speak up?
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ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื™ื–ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ?
04:11
And so, this is a couple stories that I want to share with you.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืชื›ื.
04:14
This is Mary.
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ื–ืืช ืžืจื™.
04:15
Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower from the University of North Carolina
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ืžืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืœืฉื ื™ืช ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”
04:18
at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.
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ื‘ืฆ'ืืคืœ ื”ื™ืœ, ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช.
04:22
And Mary was a learning specialist at the university,
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ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”
04:25
and she worked with students, primarily student athletes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืชืœื˜ื™ื,
04:28
And what she noticed, when she was working with students,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืœื‘, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื,
04:31
is they were turning in term papers
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
04:34
that seemed well beyond their reading levels.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืจืžืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื”ื.
04:37
She started to ask a couple of questions
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช
04:39
and she found out that there was a database
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื’ืจ
04:41
where the student athletes could retrieve papers and turn them in.
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ืžืžื ื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืืชืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื.
04:44
And then she found out that some of her colleagues
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
04:47
were funneling students into fake classes, just to keep them eligible to play.
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ืจืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื—ืง.
04:53
Now, when Mary found this out, she was outraged.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืžืจื™ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขืกื”,
04:56
And so what she tried to do was go to her direct supervisor.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืคืงื— ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื”.
04:59
But they didn't do anything.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:01
And then Mary tried to go to some internal university administrators.
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ื•ืื– ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
05:04
And they didn't do anything.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืœื ืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:06
So, what happens when nobody listens?
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ืื–, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืš?
05:08
You blog.
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ืืชื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’.
05:10
So Mary decided to develop a blog.
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ืื– ืžืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืœื•ื’.
05:12
Her blog went viral within 24 hours,
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ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื” ื”ืคืš ืœื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
05:14
and she was contacted by a reporter.
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ื•ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.
05:17
Now, when she was contacted by this reporter,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื”,
05:19
her identity was known.
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ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”.
05:21
She was exposed.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื”.
05:22
And when she was exposed, she received a demotion,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:26
death threats, over collegiate sports.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจืžืช ืงื•ืœื’'.
05:30
Mary didn't do anything wrong. She didn't participate in the fraud.
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ืžืจื™ ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืงื—ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื”.
05:34
She really thought that she was giving voice
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืงื•ืœ
05:36
to students that were voiceless.
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ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ืงื•ืœ.
05:38
But her loyalty was questioned.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืขืžื“ื” ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
05:41
Her trustworthiness and her motives.
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ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”.
05:45
Now, whistle-blowing doesn't always have to end
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
05:48
in demotions or death threats.
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ืœื”ืจืขืช ืชื ืื™ื ืื• ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช.
05:50
Actually, in 2002, this was the cover of "Time" magazine,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘-2002, ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ,
05:54
where we were actually honoring three brave whistle-blowers
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ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืงื™ืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื
05:57
for their decision to come forward in the name of the truth.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืœืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืžืช.
06:00
And when you look at the research,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ,
06:02
22 percent of whistle-blowers actually report retaliation.
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ืจืง 22 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžืœืฉื ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื ืงืžื”.
06:06
So there is a huge population of people that report and are not retaliated against
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืชื ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื
06:11
and that gives me hope.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
06:14
So this is Kathe.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงืช'ื™.
06:15
Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk from the city of Dixon.
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ืงืช'ื™ ืกื•ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืงื™ื“ืช ืขื™ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ.
06:20
And one day, Kathe was doing her job, just like she always did,
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืงืช'ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืชื”,
06:24
and she stumbled upon a pretty interesting case.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืžืงืจื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:27
See, Kathe was at the end of the month,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืงืช'ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
06:29
and she was doing her treasures report for the city,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
06:32
and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell, gave her a list of accounts and said,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™, ืจื™ื˜ื” ืงืจื ื“ื•ื•ืœ, ื ืชื ื” ืœื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจื”,
06:36
"Kathe, call the bank and get these specific accounts."
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"ืงืช'ื™, ืชืชืงืฉืจื™ ืœื‘ื ืง ื•ืชืฉื™ื’ื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”".
06:39
And Kathe did her job.
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ื•ืงืช'ื™ ืžืœืื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื”.
06:41
But this particular day,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”,
06:42
Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy.
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ืจื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ื•ืงืช'ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืกื•ืงื”.
06:45
She picks up the phone, she calls the bank and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืœื‘ื ืง ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืชืฉืœื—ื• ืœื™ ื‘ืคืงืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช".
06:50
And when she gets the fax, she sees that there is an account
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืคืงืก ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
06:53
that has some withdrawals and deposits in it
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงืฆืช ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช
06:55
that she did not know about.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
06:57
It was an account controlled only by Rita.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื˜ื”.
07:00
So Kathe looked at the information, she reported it to her direct supervisor,
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ืื– ืงืช'ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื”,
07:04
which was then-mayor Burke,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื– ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืง,
07:06
and this led into a huge investigation, a six-month investigation.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
07:11
Come to find out, Kathe's boss, Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืงืช'ื™, ืจื™ื˜ื” ืงืจื ื“ื•ื•ืœ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ื.
07:16
Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars over a 20-year period,
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ืจื™ื˜ื” ื’ื ื‘ื” 53 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 20 ืฉื ื”,
07:21
and Kathe just happened to stumble upon it.
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ื•ืงืช'ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืืช ื–ื”.
07:25
Kathe is a hero.
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ืงืช'ื™ ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื”.
07:28
And actually, I had the opportunity
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
07:29
of interviewing Kathe for my documentary, "All the Queen's Horses."
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ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงืช'ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœื™, "ื›ืœ ืกื•ืกื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื”".
07:33
And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.
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ื•ืงืช'ื™ ืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉื” ืคืจืกื•ื.
07:35
In fact, she really didn't want to talk to me for a really long time,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื“ ืืจื•ื›ื”,
07:39
but through strategic stalking, she ended up doing the interview.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ.
07:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื” ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช, ืœื ืคืจืกื•ื.
07:43
But she was seeking fairness, not fame.
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07:45
And if it wasn't for Kathe,
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ื•ืœืœื ืงืช'ื™,
07:47
who's to say this fraud would have ever been discovered?
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืื™ ืคืขื?
07:51
So, remember that "Forbes" article I was talking about,
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ืื–, ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ืช "ืคื•ืจื‘ืก" ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”,
07:53
that I was working on before my lecture?
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ืื•ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™?
07:55
Well, I posted it and something really fantastic happened.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืงืจื”.
07:59
I started receiving emails from whistle-blowers all over the world.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืžืœืฉื ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:04
And as I was receiving these emails and responding back to them,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื”ื,
08:07
there was a common theme in the message that I received,
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ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™,
08:10
and this is what it was:
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”:
08:11
they all said this, "I blew the whistle, people really hate me now.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืืช ื–ื”: "ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื ืื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:15
I got fired, but guess what?
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ืคื•ื˜ืจืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื”?
08:18
I would do it all over again if I could."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ".
08:21
And so as I kept reading this message, all these messages,
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
08:24
I wanted to think, what could I share with my students?
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™?
08:27
And so, I pulled it all together and this is what I learned.
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ื•ื›ืš, ืืกืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™.
08:31
It's important for us to cultivate hope.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื˜ืคื— ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
08:34
Whistle-blowers are hopeful.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืœืื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
08:36
Despite popular belief,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช,
08:37
they're not all disgruntled employees that have a beef with the company.
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ืื ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืจืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
08:42
Their hopefulness really is what drives them to come forward.
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ.
08:46
We also have to cultivate commitment.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:48
Whistle-blowers are committed.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื.
08:50
And it's that passion to their organization
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ื•ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
08:53
that makes them want to come forward.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ.
08:55
Whistle-blowers are humble.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื.
08:57
Again, they're not seeking fame, but they are seeking fairness.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืคืจืกื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ืŸ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช.
09:01
And we need to continue to cultivate bravery.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื˜ืคื— ืื•ืžืฅ.
09:04
Whistle-blowers are brave.
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ืžืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื.
09:05
Often, they underestimated
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ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ื ืœื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
09:09
the impact whistle-blowing had on their family,
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
09:12
but what they continue to comment on is how hard it is to withhold the truth.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
09:17
With that, I want to leave you with one additional name:
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ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ื–ื•, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ:
09:20
Peter Buxtun.
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ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ื•ืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:23
Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old employee for the US Public Health Service.
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ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ื•ืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 27 ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
09:29
And he was hired to interview people
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
09:33
that had sexually transmitted diseases.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืŸ.
09:35
And through the course of his work,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•,
09:37
he noticed a clinical study that was going on within the organization.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
09:41
And it was a study that was looking at the progression of untreated syphilis.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ืขื’ื‘ืช ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช.
09:45
And so, there were 600 African American males
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื• 600 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
09:48
that were in this study.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”.
09:49
They were enticed into the study
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ื”ื ืคื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ
09:51
through being given free medical exams, burial insurance.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
09:55
And so, what happened through the course of this study,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ,
09:59
is penicillin was discovered to help treat syphilis.
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ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืคื ื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื’ื‘ืช.
10:04
And what Peter noticed was,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืคื™ื˜ืจ ืฉื ืœื‘ ื–ื”,
10:06
the participants in this study were not given the penicillin
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ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ
10:10
to treat their syphilis.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื’ื‘ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
10:11
And the participants didn't know.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื–ื”.
10:13
So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report and talk to his internal supervisors,
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ืื– ื›ืžื• ืžืจื™, ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ื™ืกื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ,
10:18
but no one listened.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•.
10:20
And so Peter thought this was completely unfair
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ื•ืื– ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ
10:22
and he tried to report again,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ื•ื•ื—,
10:24
and finally talked to a reporter -- very similar to Mary.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ - ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžืจื™.
10:28
And in 1972, this was the front page of the "New York Times":
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ื•ื‘1972, ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”"ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก":
10:32
"Syphilis Victims in US Study Went Untreated for 40 Years."
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"ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื’ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 40 ืฉื ื™ื".
10:37
This is known to us today as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
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ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืขื’ื‘ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืกืงื’ื™.
10:42
And Peter was the whistle-blower.
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ื•ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืฉืŸ.
10:44
What happened to the 600 men, you may wonder, the 600 original men?
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืื•ืชื 600 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื? ืื•ืชื 600 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื?
10:48
Twenty eight men died from syphilis.
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28 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ืžืขื’ื‘ืช.
10:51
One hundred died from syphilis complications,
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ืžืื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืžืชื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื’ื‘ืช,
10:54
forty wives were infected
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40 ื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื•
10:56
and 10 children were born with congenital syphilis.
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ื•ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืขื ืขื’ื‘ืช ืžื•ืœื“ืช.
10:59
Who's to say what these numbers would be
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื
11:01
if it wasn't for the brave, courageous act of Peter?
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ืืœืžืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ?
11:05
We're all connected to Peter, actually.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ื˜ืจ, ื‘ืขืฆื.
11:08
If you know anybody that's in a clinical trial,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™,
11:10
the reason why we have informed consent today
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ื•ื
11:14
is because of Peter's courageous act.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ.
11:17
So let me ask you a question.
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืฉืืœื”.
11:18
That original question, a variation of the original question.
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ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.
11:21
How many of us have ever used the term
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’
11:24
snitch, rat
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ืฉื˜ื™ื ืงืจ, ื—ืคืจืคืจืช,
11:27
tattletale,
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ืžืœืฉืŸ,
11:29
snake,
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ื ื—ืฉ,
11:31
weasel,
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ืกืžื•ืจ,
11:32
leak?
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ืžื“ืœื™ืฃ?
11:34
Anybody?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื•?
11:39
Before you get the urge to do that again,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ื ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืฉื ื™ืช,
11:42
I want you to think a little bit.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืงืฆืช.
11:44
It might be the Mary, the Peter, the Kathes of the world.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื”ืžืจื™, ื”ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื•ื”ืงืช'ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:49
You might be the person that could shape history,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
11:52
or they could be the person that shapes yours.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื.
11:55
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”,
11:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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