How whistle-blowers shape history | Kelly Richmond Pope

Prevoditelj: Nikolina Daka Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

How many of us have ever seen something,

Koliko nas je ikad vidjelo nešto,

thought that we should report it, but decided not to?

pomislilo da to treba prijaviti, ali odlučilo suprotno?

And not that I need to see a show of hands,

Ne trebate podizati ruke,

but I'm sure this has happened to someone in this room before.

ali sigurna sam da se to već dogodilo nekom u ovoj prostoriji.

In fact, when this question was asked to a group of employees,

Ustvari, kada je ovo pitanje postavljeno grupi zaposlenika,

46 percent of them responded by saying that they had seen something

46% njih je izjavilo da su vidjeli nešto

and decided not to report it.

i odlučili ne prijaviti to.

So if you raised your hand, or quietly raised your hand,

Tako da ako ste podigli ruku, ili tiho podigli ruku,

don't feel bad, you're not alone.

nemojte se loše osjećati, niste sami.

This message of if you see something to say something

Ova poruka da ako vidite nešto recite nešto

is really all around us.

je stvarno oko nas.

Even when driving down the highway, you see billboards like this,

Čak i kad se vozim autocestom, vidite ovakve oglase,

encouraging us to report crime without revealing ourselves.

ohrabrujući nas da prijavimo zločine bez da sami sebe razotkrijemo.

But I still feel like a lot of us are really uncomfortable

Ali i dalje mislim da se puno nas ne osjeća ugodno

coming forward in the name of the truth.

istupiti u ime istine.

I'm an accounting professor, and I do fraud research.

Ja sam profesorica računovodstva i istražujem prevare.

And in my class, I encourage my students to come forward with information

Na predavanjima ohrabrujem svoje studente da iznesu informacije

if they see it.

ako je potrebno.

Or in other words, encouraging my students to become whistle-blowers.

Drugim riječima, ohrabrujem svoje studente da budu zviždači.

But if I'm being completely honest with myself,

Ali ako sam sasvim iskrena sama sa sobom,

I am really conflicted with this message that I'm sending to my students.

stvarno sam u sukobu sa ovom porukom koju šaljem svojim studentima.

And here's why.

Evo i zašto.

Whistle-blowers are under attack.

Zviždači su pod napadom.

Headline after headline shows us this.

Naslov nakon naslova nam to pokazuje.

Many people choose not to become whistle-blowers

Puno ljudi bira ne postati zviždači

due to the fear of retaliation.

zbog straha od osvete.

From demotions to death threats,

Od nazadovanja u karijeri do prijetnji smrću,

to job loss --

do gubitka posla --

perpetual job loss.

stalnog gubitka posla.

Choosing to become a whistle-blower is an uphill battle.

Odabir da postanete zviždač je teška bitka.

Their loyalty becomes into question.

Njihova odanost postane upitna.

Their motives, their trustworthiness.

Njihovi motivi, njihova povjerljivost.

So how can I, as a professor who really cares about her students

Kako mogu ja, kao profesorica, koja brine o svojim studentima

encourage them to become whistle-blowers,

ih poticati da budu zviždači

when I know how the world truly feels about them?

kad znam kako se svijet odnosi prema takvima?

So, one day I was getting ready for my annual whistle-blower lecture

Tako, jednog dana spremala sam moje godišnje izlaganje o zviždačima

with my students.

sa svojim studentima.

And I was working on an article for "Forbes,"

I radila sam na članku za "Forbes"

entitled "Wells Fargo and Millennial Whistle-blowing.

nazvanom "Wells Fargo i zviždanje milenijalaca.

What Do We Tell Them?"

Što da im kažemo?"

And as I was working on this piece and reading about the case,

I dok sam radila na tom članku i čitala o tom slučaju,

I became outraged.

strašno sam se naljutila.

And what made me angry was when I came to the fact and realized

I što me naljutilo je to što sam shvatila

that the employees that tried to whistle-blow

da su zaposlenici, koji su pokušali zviždati,

were actually fired.

su otpušteni.

And it really made me think

I zapitala sam se

about the message that I was sharing with my students.

o poruci koju sam slala svojim studentima.

And it made me think: What if my students had been Wells Fargo employees?

I zamislila sam se: Što da su moji studenti bili zaposlenici Wella Fargo-a?

On the one hand, if they whistle-blew, they would have gotten fired.

S jedne strane, da su zviždali, bili bi otpušteni.

But on the other hand,

S druge strane,

if they didn't report the frauds that they knew,

da nisu prijavili prevare o kojima su znali,

the way current regulation is written,

način na koji je propisano je da su

employees are held responsible

zaposlenici krivi

if they knew something and didn't report it.

ako su znali nešto, a nisu to prijavili.

So criminal prosecution is a real option.

Kazneni progon je stvarna opcija.

What's a person supposed to do with those type of odds?

Što bi osoba trebala napraviti sa takvim izgledima?

I of all people know the valuable contributions

Ja od svih ljudi znam vrijedne doprinose

that whistle-blowers make.

koje zviždači daju.

In fact, most frauds are discovered by them.

Većina prevara je i otkrivena zbog njih.

Forty two percent of frauds are discovered by a whistle-blower

42% prevara je otkriveno zbog zviždača

in comparison to other methods,

u usporedbi sa drugim metodama,

like measurement review and external audit.

kao provjere mjera i vanjske revizije.

And when you think about some of the more classic

I kad pomislite na neke klasične

or historical fraud cases,

povijesne prevare,

it always is around a whistle-blower.

uvijek se vrte oko zviždača.

Think Watergate -- discovered by a whistle-blower.

Watergate-- otkriven zbog zviždača.

Think Enron -- discovered by a whistle-blower.

Enron- otkriven zbog zviždača.

And who can forget about Bernard Madoff, discovered by a whistle-blower?

I tko može zaboraviti Bernarda Madoffa koji je otkriven zbog zviždača?

It takes a tremendous amount of courage to come forward in the name of the truth.

Treba ogomna količina hrabrosti istupiti u ime istine.

But when we think about the term whistle-blower,

Ali kada pomislimo na izraz zviždač,

we often think of some very descriptive words:

često pomislimo o vrlo slikovitim rječima:

rat,

štakor,

snake,

zmija,

traitor,

izdajica,

tattletale, weasel.

tužibaba, cinkaroš.

And those are the nice words, the ones I can say from the stage.

I to su one lijepe rječi, one koje mogu reći na pozornici.

And so when I'm not in class,

I kad nisam na predavanjima,

I go around the country and I interview white-collar felons,

idem oko države i provodim intervjue sa uredskim prestupnicima,

whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.

zviždačima i žrtvama prevara.

Because really I'm trying to understand what makes them tick

Stvarno pokušavam shvatiti što ih motivira

and to bring those experiences back into the classroom.

i vratiti ta iskustva nazad u učionicu.

But it's my interviews with whistle-blowers that really stick with me.

Ali intervjui sa zviždačima su ono što je stvarno ostavilo utisak na mene.

And they stick with me,

Ostave utisak na mene,

because they make me question my own courage.

jer me natjeraju da se zapitam u vlastitu hrabrost.

When given the opportunity, would I actually speak up?

Kada bih imala tu priliku, jel bi ja progovorila?

And so, this is a couple stories that I want to share with you.

Ovo je par priča koje želim podjeliti sa vama.

This is Mary.

Ovo je Mary.

Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower from the University of North Carolina

Mary Willingham je zviždačica sveučilišta Sjeverne Karoline

at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.

u Chapel Hillu, slučaj akadamske prevare.

And Mary was a learning specialist at the university,

I Mary je bila stručnjak za učenje na sveučilištu,

and she worked with students, primarily student athletes.

i radila je sa studentima, najviše sa studentima sportašima.

And what she noticed, when she was working with students,

I primjetila je da

is they were turning in term papers

oni predaju seminare

that seemed well beyond their reading levels.

koji su duboko ispod njihovih nivoa čitanja i pisanja.

She started to ask a couple of questions

Pa ih je počela ispitivati

and she found out that there was a database

i otkrila je da postoji baza podataka

where the student athletes could retrieve papers and turn them in.

gdje studenti sportaši mogu dobiti seminare i predati ih.

And then she found out that some of her colleagues

I onda je otkrila da su neki od njenih kolega

were funneling students into fake classes, just to keep them eligible to play.

gurali studente u lažne kolegije, samo da bi bili kvalificirani igrati.

Now, when Mary found this out, she was outraged.

Kad je Mary ovo otkrila, bila je bijesna.

And so what she tried to do was go to her direct supervisor.

I onda je probala otići svom nadležnom.

But they didn't do anything.

Ali oni nisu reagirali.

And then Mary tried to go to some internal university administrators.

I onda je Mary probala otići nekim od sveučilišnih administratora.

And they didn't do anything.

I oni nisu reagirali.

So, what happens when nobody listens?

I što se dogodi kad nitko ne sluša?

You blog.

Objavite to na blogu.

So Mary decided to develop a blog.

Tako je Mary odlučila napraviti blog.

Her blog went viral within 24 hours,

Njen blog je postao viralan unutar prva 24 sata,

and she was contacted by a reporter.

i kontaktirao ju je novinar.

Now, when she was contacted by this reporter,

Kad ju je kontaktirao taj novinar,

her identity was known.

otkirven joj je identitet.

She was exposed.

Bila je izložena.

And when she was exposed, she received a demotion,

I kad je bila izložena, profesionalno je nazadovala,

death threats, over collegiate sports.

primala je prijetnje smrću, zbog akademskih sportova.

Mary didn't do anything wrong. She didn't participate in the fraud.

Mary nije napravila ništa krivo. Nije sudjelovala u prevari.

She really thought that she was giving voice

Mislila je da daje glas

to students that were voiceless.

studentima koji ga nisu imali.

But her loyalty was questioned.

Ali njena odanost je postala upitna.

Her trustworthiness and her motives.

Njena vjerodostojnost i njeni motivi.

Now, whistle-blowing doesn't always have to end

Otkrivanje ovakih stvari ne mora završiti

in demotions or death threats.

profesionalnim nazadovanjem ili prijetnjama smrću.

Actually, in 2002, this was the cover of "Time" magazine,

U 2002., naslovnica "Time" časopisa

where we were actually honoring three brave whistle-blowers

je odavala počast tri hrabra zviždača

for their decision to come forward in the name of the truth.

zbog njihovih odluka da istupe u ime istine.

And when you look at the research,

I kada pogledate istraživanja,

22 percent of whistle-blowers actually report retaliation.

22% zviždača prijave osvetu.

So there is a huge population of people that report and are not retaliated against

Dakle postoji ogromna populacija ljudi koji prijave i nitko im se ne osveti

and that gives me hope.

i to mi daje nadu.

So this is Kathe.

Ovo je Kathe.

Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk from the city of Dixon.

Kathe Swanson je umirovljena gradska službenica iz Dixona.

And one day, Kathe was doing her job, just like she always did,

Jednog dana, Kathe je obavljala svoj posao, kao i svakog,

and she stumbled upon a pretty interesting case.

i naišla je na jedan poprilično zanimljiv slučaj.

See, Kathe was at the end of the month,

Kathe je bila na kraju mjeseca

and she was doing her treasures report for the city,

i obrađivala je izvještaje gradskih blagajnika

and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell, gave her a list of accounts and said,

i inače, njena šefica, Rita Crundwell joj da popis računa i kaže:

"Kathe, call the bank and get these specific accounts."

"Kathe, zovi banku i uzmi ove račune."

And Kathe did her job.

I Kathe je odradila svoj posao.

But this particular day,

Ali ovog dana,

Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy.

Rita je bila izvan grada, a Kathe prezaposlena.

She picks up the phone, she calls the bank and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."

Uzela je telefon, nazvala banku i tražila da joj pošalju sve račune.

And when she gets the fax, she sees that there is an account

I kada su stigli vidjela je da ima jedan račun

that has some withdrawals and deposits in it

koji ima isplate i uplate

that she did not know about.

o kojima ona nije ništa znala.

It was an account controlled only by Rita.

To je bio račun kojeg je samo Rita kontrolirala.

So Kathe looked at the information, she reported it to her direct supervisor,

I Kathe je pogledala informacije, i prijavila svom nadležnom,

which was then-mayor Burke,

tadašnjem gradonačelniku Burkeu,

and this led into a huge investigation, a six-month investigation.

i to je dovelo do ogromne, šetomjesečne istrage.

Come to find out, Kathe's boss, Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.

Ispostavilo se da je Rita Crundwell pronevjerila novac.

Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars over a 20-year period,

Rita je pronevjerila 53 milijuna dolara preko 20 godina

and Kathe just happened to stumble upon it.

i Kathe je sasvim slučajno naletjela na to.

Kathe is a hero.

Kathe je junakinja.

And actually, I had the opportunity

I ustvari, imala sam priliku

of interviewing Kathe for my documentary, "All the Queen's Horses."

intervijuirati Kathe za moj dokumentarac "All the Queen's Horses".

And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.

Kathe nije tražila slavu.

In fact, she really didn't want to talk to me for a really long time,

Ustvari, nije htjela pričati sa mnom jako dugo,

but through strategic stalking, she ended up doing the interview.

ali kroz strateško uhođenje, na kraju je odradila intervju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But she was seeking fairness, not fame.

Ali tražila je pravdu, ne slavu.

And if it wasn't for Kathe,

I da nije bilo Kathe

who's to say this fraud would have ever been discovered?

tko kaže da bi se ova prevara ikada otkrila?

So, remember that "Forbes" article I was talking about,

Sjetite se onog "Forbes" članka o kojem sam pričala,

that I was working on before my lecture?

na kojem sam radila prije predavanja?

Well, I posted it and something really fantastic happened.

Objavila sam ga i nešto zaista čudesno se dogodilo.

I started receiving emails from whistle-blowers all over the world.

Počela sam primati mailove od zviždača po cijelom svijetu.

And as I was receiving these emails and responding back to them,

I primala sam te mailove i odgovarala na njih

there was a common theme in the message that I received,

i postojala je zajednička tema u porukama koje sam dobila,

and this is what it was:

i to je bilo:

they all said this, "I blew the whistle, people really hate me now.

Svi su rekli ovo:" Iznio sam istinu, ljudi me sad jako mrze.

I got fired, but guess what?

Dobio sam otkaz, ali znate šta?

I would do it all over again if I could."

Ponovio big sve da mogu."

And so as I kept reading this message, all these messages,

I dok sam čitala ovu poruku, i sve poruke,

I wanted to think, what could I share with my students?

mislila sam, što mogu podjeliti sa svojim studentima?

And so, I pulled it all together and this is what I learned.

Iz svega toga sam ovo naučila.

It's important for us to cultivate hope.

Važno je uzgajati nadu.

Whistle-blowers are hopeful.

Zviždači su puni nade.

Despite popular belief,

Protivno popularnom vjerovanju,

they're not all disgruntled employees that have a beef with the company.

nisu svi bijesni zaposlenici koji su ljuti na tvrtku.

Their hopefulness really is what drives them to come forward.

Njihova nada je ono što ih tjera da istupe.

We also have to cultivate commitment.

Trebamo uzgajati i predanost.

Whistle-blowers are committed.

Zviždači su predani.

And it's that passion to their organization

I ta strast

that makes them want to come forward.

je ono što ih tjera da istupe.

Whistle-blowers are humble.

Zviždači su skromni.

Again, they're not seeking fame, but they are seeking fairness.

Ponavljam, ne traže slavu, traže poštenje.

And we need to continue to cultivate bravery.

I trebamo nastaviti uzgajati hrabrost.

Whistle-blowers are brave.

Zviždači su hrabri.

Often, they underestimated

Često podcjenjuju

the impact whistle-blowing had on their family,

utjecaj cinkanja na njihove obitelji,

but what they continue to comment on is how hard it is to withhold the truth.

ali nastavljaju komentirati kako je teško zadržati istinu.

With that, I want to leave you with one additional name:

Želim vas ostaviti sa još jednim imenom:

Peter Buxtun.

Peter Buxtun.

Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old employee for the US Public Health Service.

Peter Buxtun je bio 27-godišnji zaposlenik Državnog Zdravstva SAD-a.

And he was hired to interview people

Zaposlen je da intervjuira ljude

that had sexually transmitted diseases.

koji imaju seksualno prenosive bolesti.

And through the course of his work,

I kroz njegov rad,

he noticed a clinical study that was going on within the organization.

primjetio je kliničko istraživanje koje je organizacija provodila.

And it was a study that was looking at the progression of untreated syphilis.

To je bilo istraživanje koje je proučavalo napredovanje neliječenog sifilisa.

And so, there were 600 African American males

I tako, 600 muškaraca, Afro-Amerikanaca je sudjelovalo

that were in this study.

u ovom istraživanju.

They were enticed into the study

Oni su bili namamljeni

through being given free medical exams, burial insurance.

kroz besplatne preglede, plaćen pogreb.

And so, what happened through the course of this study,

Ono što se dogodilo tijekom ovog istraživanja,

is penicillin was discovered to help treat syphilis.

je da je penicilin otkriven kao lijek koji pomaže protiv sifilisa.

And what Peter noticed was,

I Peter je otkrio

the participants in this study were not given the penicillin

da sudionici ovog istraživanja nisu dobili penicilin

to treat their syphilis.

da im liječi sifilis.

And the participants didn't know.

A sudionici to nisu znali.

So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report and talk to his internal supervisors,

Slično kao Mary, Peter je to probao prijaviti i pričati sa svojim nadležnima,

but no one listened.

ali nitko ga nije saslušao.

And so Peter thought this was completely unfair

Peter je mislio da to nije uopće pošteno

and he tried to report again,

i probao je prijaviti to opet,

and finally talked to a reporter -- very similar to Mary.

i napokon razgovarao sa novinarom -- slično kao Mary.

And in 1972, this was the front page of the "New York Times":

I 1972. ovo je dospjelo na naslovnicu "New York Timesa":

"Syphilis Victims in US Study Went Untreated for 40 Years."

"Žrtve sifilisa u Američkom istraživanju nisu primile liječenje 40 godina."

This is known to us today as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.

Ovo je danas nama poznato kao Tuskegee ekperiment sifilisa.

And Peter was the whistle-blower.

I Peter je bio zviždač.

What happened to the 600 men, you may wonder, the 600 original men?

Što se dogodilo 600 muškaraca, možda se pitate, tih 600 muškaraca?

Twenty eight men died from syphilis.

28 muškaraca je umrlo od sifilisa.

One hundred died from syphilis complications,

Stotinu ljudi je umrlo od komplikacija sifilisa,

forty wives were infected

40 žena je bilo zaraženo

and 10 children were born with congenital syphilis.

i 10 djece rođeno sa urođenim sifilisom.

Who's to say what these numbers would be

Tko bi mogao reći koliki bi ti brojevi bili

if it wasn't for the brave, courageous act of Peter?

da nije bilo hrabrog Petera?

We're all connected to Peter, actually.

Svi smo povezani sa Peterom, ustvari.

If you know anybody that's in a clinical trial,

Ako znate ikog tko je u kliničkom istraživanju,

the reason why we have informed consent today

razlog zbog kojeg imamo izjavu suglasnosti

is because of Peter's courageous act.

je zbog tog Peterovo hrabrog čina.

So let me ask you a question.

Dopustite mi da vam postavim pitanje.

That original question, a variation of the original question.

To pitanje, varijaciju tog pitanja.

How many of us have ever used the term

Koliko nas je koristilo izraz

snitch, rat

cinkaroš, štakor,

tattletale,

tužibaba,

snake,

zmija,

weasel,

lasica

leak?

izdajica?

Anybody?

Itko?

Before you get the urge to do that again,

Prije nego dobijete poriv da to ponovite,

I want you to think a little bit.

želim da se malo zamislite.

It might be the Mary, the Peter, the Kathes of the world.

Možda su to Mary, Peter ili Kathe.

You might be the person that could shape history,

Možda ste vi osoba koja će oblikovati povijest

or they could be the person that shapes yours.

ili oni mogu biti osoba koja oblikuje vašu.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)