Rev. Tom Honey: How could God have allowed the tsunami?

38,182 views ใƒป 2007-05-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
I am a vicar in the Church of England.
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ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืงื ื™ืช.
00:27
I've been a priest in the Church for 20 years.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ 20 ืฉื ื”.
00:33
For most of that time, I've been struggling and grappling
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื˜ืชื™
00:37
with questions about the nature of God. Who is God?
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ืขื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื?
00:43
And I'm very aware that when you say the word "God,"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืข ืžืื“ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
00:48
many people will turn off immediately.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืชื ืชืงื• ืžื™ื“ื™ืช.
00:51
And most people, both within and outside the organized church,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”,
00:56
still have a picture of a celestial controller,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืฉืžื™ืžื™,
01:02
a rule maker, a policeman in the sky who orders everything,
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ืžื—ื•ืงืง, ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ,
01:08
and causes everything to happen.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื›ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:10
He will protect his own people,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•,
01:14
and answer the prayers of the faithful.
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ื•ื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื.
01:18
And in the worship of my church,
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ื‘ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™,
01:20
the most frequently used adjective about God is "almighty."
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ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื "ื›ืœ-ื™ื›ื•ืœ".
01:26
But I have a problem with that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
01:29
I have become more and more uncomfortable
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ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื ื•ื—
01:32
with this perception of God over the years.
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ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:36
Do we really believe that God is the kind of male boss that we've been presenting
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืก ื’ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื
01:45
in our worship and in our liturgies over all these years?
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ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•?
01:49
Of course, there have been thinkers
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ื’ื™ื
01:51
who have suggested different ways of looking at God.
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
01:57
Exploring the feminine, nurturing side of divinity.
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉื™, ื”ืžื˜ืคื— ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช.
02:02
Suggesting that God expresses Himself or Herself through powerlessness,
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืฉื”,
02:09
rather than power.
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ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
02:13
Acknowledging that God is unknown and unknowable by definition.
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ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”.
02:18
Finding deep resonances with other religions and philosophies
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ืฉืžืฆืื• ื”ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:25
and ways of looking at life as part of what is a universal and global search for meaning.
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ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
02:33
These ideas are well known in liberal academic circles,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื,
02:38
but clergy like myself have been reluctant to air them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื›ืžื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืื•ืชื,
02:44
for fear of creating tension and division in our church communities,
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ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืชื— ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:50
for fear of upsetting the simple faith of more traditional believers.
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ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:57
I have chosen not to rock the boat.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ืœื–ืขื–ืข.
03:04
Then, on December 26th last year, just two months ago,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘26 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
03:08
that underwater earthquake triggered the tsunami.
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ืื•ืชื” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ืจืจื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™.
03:13
And two weeks later, Sunday morning, 9th of January,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ,
03:18
I found myself standing in front of my congregation --
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™-
03:21
intelligent, well meaning, mostly thoughtful Christian people --
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ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช -
03:27
and I needed to express, on their behalf, our feelings and our questions.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื˜ื, ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื ื•.
03:35
I had my own personal responses, but I also have a public role,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
03:42
and something needed to be said.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•.
03:44
And this is what I said.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™.
03:50
Shortly after the tsunami I read a newspaper article
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ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ
03:53
written by the Archbishop of Canterbury -- fine title --
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื ื˜ืจื‘ืจื™- ืชื•ืืจ ื ืื”-
03:56
about the tragedy in Southern Asia.
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ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
04:02
The essence of what he said was this:
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ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
04:05
the people most affected by the devastation and loss of life
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ืจืก ื•ืžืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
04:10
do not want intellectual theories about how God let this happen.
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ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
04:16
He wrote, "If some religious genius did come up with an explanation
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ "ืื ื’ืื•ืŸ ื“ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืกื‘ืจ
04:22
of exactly why all these deaths made sense,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
04:28
would we feel happier, or safer, or more confident in God?"
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ื”ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื—ื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื?"
04:35
If the man in the photograph that appeared in the newspapers,
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ืื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื,
04:38
holding the hand of his dead child was standing in front of us now,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœื ื• ื›ืขืช,
04:44
there are no words that we could say to him.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื•.
04:48
A verbal response would not be appropriate.
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช.
04:51
The only appropriate response would be a compassionate silence
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืžืœืืช ื—ืžืœื”
04:58
and some kind of practical help.
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ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
05:00
It isn't a time for explanation, or preaching, or theology;
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื˜ืคื•ืช ืื• ืชืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
05:06
it's a time for tears.
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ื–ื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ืžืขื•ืช.
05:10
This is true. And yet here we are, my church in Oxford,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
05:16
semi-detached from events that happened a long way away,
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืœื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื›ืืŸ,
05:21
but with our faith bruised.
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ืืš ืืžื•ื ืชื ื• ื—ื‘ื•ืœื”.
05:24
And we want an explanation from God.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
05:27
We demand an explanation from God.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
05:33
Some have concluded that we can only believe in a God who shares our pain.
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื• ืฉื”ืกื™ืงื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืื‘ื ื•.
05:37
In some way, God must feel the anguish, and grief,
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืฆื•ืจื”, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ
05:43
and physical pain that we feel.
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ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื.
05:45
In some way the eternal God must be able to enter into the souls of human beings
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจื”, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœืžื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ
05:54
and experience the torment within.
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ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
05:58
And if this is true, it must also be that God knows the joy and exaltation
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ื•ืื ื–ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ืื– ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช
06:04
of the human spirit, as well.
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ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
06:10
We want a God who can weep with those who weep,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื,
06:13
and rejoice with those who rejoice.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืขื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
06:17
This seems to me both a deeply moving and a convincing re-statement
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืœื‘ ื•ืžืฉื›ื ืข
06:23
of Christian belief about God.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
06:25
For hundreds of years, the prevailing orthodoxy, the accepted truth,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช, ื”ืืžืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช
06:31
was that God the Father, the Creator, is unchanging
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื‘, ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ, ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”
06:35
and therefore by definition cannot feel pain or sadness.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืื• ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช.
06:41
Now the unchanging God feels a bit cold and indifferent to me.
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ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืจ ื•ืื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืชื™.
06:45
And the devastating events of the 20th century
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ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20
06:51
have forced people to question the cold, unfeeling God.
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ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืจ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉ.
06:54
The slaughter of millions in the trenches and in the death camps
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ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื“ื”
07:00
have caused people to ask, "Where is God in all this?
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืื™ืคื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
07:04
Who is God in all this?"
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ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
07:07
And the answer was, "God is in this with us,
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ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื”, "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืื™ืชื ื•,
07:13
or God doesn't deserve our allegiance anymore."
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ืื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•"
07:18
If God is a bystander, observing but not involved,
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ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืคื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“, ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืืš ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘,
07:23
then God may well exist, but we don't want to know about Him.
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ืื– ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•.
07:27
Many Jews and Christians now feel like this, I know.
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ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื›ื” ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
07:32
And I am among them.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื.
07:35
So we have a suffering God --
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืœ ืกื•ื‘ืœ.
07:37
a God who is intimately connected with this world and with every living soul.
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ืืœ ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื ืฉืžื” ื—ื™ื”.
07:43
I very much relate to this idea of God.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
07:47
But it isn't enough. I need to ask some more questions,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง. ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
07:52
and I hope they are questions that you will want to ask, as well,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ,
07:55
some of you.
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ื—ืœืงื›ื.
07:58
Over the last few weeks I have been struck by the number of times
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื
08:02
that words in our worship have felt a bit inappropriate, a bit dodgy.
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ืฉืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืžืชื—ืžืงื•ืช ืžืขื˜.
08:06
We have a pram service on Tuesday mornings for mums and their pre-school children.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:12
And last week we sang with the children one of their favorite songs,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืจื ื• ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
08:16
"The Wise Man Built His House Upon the Rock."
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"ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื›ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืกืœืข".
08:19
Perhaps some of you know it. Some of the words go like this:
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืงื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ืืœื• ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื:
08:22
"The foolish man built his house upon the sand /
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"ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœ/
08:25
And the floods came up / And the house on the sand went crash."
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื•/ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜."
08:31
Then in the same week, at a funeral,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื”,
08:36
we sang the familiar hymn "We Plow the Fields and Scatter,"
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ืฉืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข "ืื ื• ื—ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื".
08:41
a very English hymn.
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ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืื“.
08:43
In the second verse comes the line, "The wind and waves obey Him."
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” "ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื•".
08:48
Do they? I don't feel we can sing that song again in church,
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ื”ืืžื ื? ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
08:55
after what's happened.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
08:58
So the first big question is about control.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
09:01
Does God have a plan for each of us? Is God in control?
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ื”ืื ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”?
09:06
Does God order each moment? Does the wind and the waves obey Him?
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ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข? ื”ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื•?
09:13
From time to time,
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ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื,
09:15
one hears Christians telling the story of how God organized things for them,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื“ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื,
09:20
so that everything worked out all right --
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
09:22
some difficulty overcome, some illness cured, some trouble averted,
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ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืกืจ, ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื ืจืคืื”, ืฆืจื” ืฉื ืžื ืขื”,
09:27
a parking space found at a crucial time.
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ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™.
09:31
I can remember someone saying this to me,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ื–ืืช ืคืขื,
09:35
with her eyes shining with enthusiasm at this wonderful confirmation of her faith
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ืขื ื‘ืจืง ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ืชื”
09:41
and the goodness of God.
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ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
09:46
But if God can or will do these things --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•-
09:49
intervene to change the flow of events --
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ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื”ืœื›ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื-
09:52
then surely he could have stopped the tsunami.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™.
09:55
Do we have a local God who can do little things like parking spaces,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื™ื”,
10:00
but not big things like 500 mile-per-hour waves?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช 800 ืงืž"ืฉ?
10:04
That's just not acceptable to intelligent Christians,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
10:09
and we must acknowledge it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš.
10:11
Either God is responsible for the tsunami,
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ืื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™,
10:14
or God is not in control.
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ืื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
10:18
After the tragedy, survival stories began to emerge.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืฅ.
10:21
You probably heard some of them:
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื—ืœืงื.
10:23
the man who surfed the wave,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื’ืœืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœ.
10:25
the teenage girl who recognized the danger
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ื”ื ืขืจื” ืฉื–ื™ื”ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”
10:28
because she had just been learning about tsunamis at school.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœืžื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆื•ื ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
10:31
Then there was the congregation who had left their usual church building on the shore
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ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
10:36
to hold a service in the hills.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื˜ืงืก ื‘ื”ืจื™ื.
10:38
The preacher delivered an extra long sermon,
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ื”ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ื ืชืŸ ื“ืจืฉื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
10:42
so that they were still out of harm's way when the wave struck.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื’ืœ ืคื’ืข.
10:46
Afterwards someone said that God must have been looking after them.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:54
So the next question is about partiality.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ืคื”.
10:57
Can we earn God's favor by worshipping Him or believing in Him?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขื“ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืื• ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื•?
11:02
Does God demand loyalty, like any medieval tyrant?
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ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื ืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขืจื™ืฅ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื?
11:06
A God who looks after His own, so that Christians are OK,
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื•, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
11:13
while everyone else perishes?
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ื?
11:15
A cosmic us and them, and a God who is guilty of the worst kind of favoritism?
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ื" ืงื•ืกืžื™, ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืืฉื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื?
11:25
That would be appalling,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืจื™ื“,
11:27
and that would be the point at which I would hand in my membership.
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื–ื“ื›ื” ืขืœ ื“ืžื™-ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™.
11:32
Such a God would be morally inferior to the highest ideals of humanity.
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
11:40
So who is God, if not the great puppet-master or the tribal protector?
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ืื– ืžื™ื”ื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ืœื ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ื, ืื• ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™?
11:47
Perhaps God allows or permits terrible things to happen,
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจืฉื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงืจื•,
11:51
so that heroism and compassion can be shown.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืžืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช.
11:55
Perhaps God is testing us: testing our charity, or our faith.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•: ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื• ืืžื•ื ืชื ื•.
12:00
Perhaps there is a great, cosmic plan that allows for horrible suffering
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืกื‘ืœ ืื™ื•ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
12:04
so that everything will work out OK in the end.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ืกืชื“ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
12:07
Perhaps, but these ideas are all just variations on God controlling everything,
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ืื•ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ.
12:16
the supreme commander toying with expendable units in a great campaign.
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ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
12:23
We are still left with a God who can do the tsunami and allow Auschwitz.
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ืื ื• ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ.
12:31
In his great novel, "The Brothers Karamazov," Dostoevsky gives these words to Ivan,
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ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืœื• "ื”ืื—ื™ื ืงืจืžื–ื•ื‘", ื“ื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
12:38
addressed to his naive and devout younger brother, Alyosha:
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ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื”ืชืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ื•ืง, ืืœื™ื•ืฉื”:
12:44
"If the sufferings of children go to make up the sum of sufferings
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"ืื ืกื‘ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืกืš ื”ืกื‘ืœ
12:47
which is necessary for the purchase of truth,
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ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืืžืช,
12:50
then I say beforehand that the entire truth is not worth such a price.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื”ืืžืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
12:58
We cannot afford to pay so much for admission.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืืœื• ื“ืžื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื”.
13:02
It is not God that I do not accept.
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ.
13:05
I merely, most respectfully, return Him the ticket."
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ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก".
13:13
Or perhaps God set the whole universe going at the beginning
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ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืข ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•
13:17
and then relinquished control forever,
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ื•ืื– ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืฆื—,
13:20
so that natural processes could occur, and evolution run its course.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจื—ืฉื•, ื•ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืชืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
13:25
This seems more acceptable,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช,
13:27
but it still leaves God with the ultimate moral responsibility.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
13:35
Is God a cold, unfeeling spectator?
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ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืคื” ืงืจ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช?
13:39
Or a powerless lover, watching with infinite compassion
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ืื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ื—ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ืžืœื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช
13:44
things God is unable to control or change?
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืชื?
13:48
Is God intimately involved in our suffering,
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ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
13:52
so that He feels it in His own being?
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื•?
13:58
If we believe something like this, we must let go of the puppet-master completely,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
14:04
take our leave of the almighty controller, abandon traditional models.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื”ื›ืœ-ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
14:09
We must think again about God.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
14:13
Maybe God doesn't do things at all.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
14:18
Maybe God isn't an agent like all of us are agents.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
14:23
Early religious thought conceived God as a sort of superhuman person,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืชืคืฉื” ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื“ื-ืขืœ,
14:28
doing things all over the place.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
14:30
Beating up the Egyptians, drowning them in the Red Sea, wasting cities, getting angry.
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ืžื›ืกื— ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื›ืœื” ืขืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืขืก.
14:37
The people knew their God by His mighty acts.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
14:41
But what if God doesn't act? What if God doesn't do things at all?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ? ืžื” ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
14:48
What if God is in things?
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ืžื” ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
14:52
The loving soul of the universe.
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ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
14:55
An in-dwelling compassionate presence, underpinning and sustaining all things.
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ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื.
15:03
What if God is in things?
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ืžื” ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
15:07
In the infinitely complex network of relationships and connections that make up life.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ื›ื” ืขื“ ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
15:13
In the natural cycle of life and death,
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ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืช,
15:17
the creation and destruction that must happen continuously.
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ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืจืก ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ.
15:23
In the process of evolution.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
15:25
In the incredible intricacy and magnificence of the natural world.
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ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
15:31
In the collective unconscious, the soul of the human race.
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ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
15:35
In you, in me, mind and body and spirit.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™; ื ืคืฉ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืจื•ื—.
15:42
In the tsunami, in the victims. In the depth of things.
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ื‘ืฆื•ื ืžื™, ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ืžืงื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:47
In presence and in absence. In simplicity and complexity.
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ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ. ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
15:52
In change and development and growth.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.
15:57
How does this in-ness, this innerness, this interiority of God work?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชื•ื›-ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื?
16:02
It's hard to conceive, and begs more questions.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
16:06
Is God just another name for the universe,
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ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืœื™ืงื•ื,
16:09
with no independent existence at all?
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ืœืœื ืงื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
16:11
I don't know.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข
16:13
To what extent can we ascribe personality to God?
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ืคื™ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื?
16:20
I don't know.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
16:22
In the end, we have to say, "I don't know."
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ "ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข".
16:26
If we knew, God would not be God.
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ืœื• ื™ื“ืขื ื•, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
16:29
To have faith in this God
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ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”
16:31
would be more like trusting an essential benevolence in the universe,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
16:37
and less like believing a system of doctrinal statements.
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”.
16:41
Isn't it ironic that Christians who claim to believe
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ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
16:45
in an infinite, unknowable being
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ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
16:47
then tie God down in closed systems and rigid doctrines?
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ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช?
16:54
How could one practice such a faith?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื•?
16:59
By seeking the God within. By cultivating my own inwardness.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื—ืคืฉ ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•. ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
17:07
In silence, in meditation, in my inner space, in the me that remains
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจ
17:15
when I gently put aside my passing emotions and ideas and preoccupations.
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื“ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช.
17:24
In awareness of the inner conversation.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.
17:27
And how would we live such a faith? How would I live such a faith?
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื•? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื—ื™ื” ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื•?
17:33
By seeking intimate connection with your inwardness.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
17:38
The kind of relationships when deep speaks to deep.
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืขื•ืžืง ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืขื•ืžืง.
17:42
If God is in all people, then there is a meeting place
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ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉ
17:46
where my relationship with you becomes a three-way encounter.
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ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื™ืชืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ.
17:51
There is an Indian greeting, which I'm sure some of you know:
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื—ืœืงื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื:
17:57
"Namaste," accompanied by a respectful bow,
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"ื ืžืกื˜ื”", ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,
18:01
which, roughly translated means,
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื”ื™ื
18:05
"That which is of God in me greets that which of God is in you."
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"ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืš".
18:10
Namaste.
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ื ืžืกื˜ื”.
18:15
And how would one deepen such a faith?
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื•?
18:18
By seeking the inwardness which is in all things.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื.
18:21
In music and poetry, in the natural world of beauty
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื”, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
18:26
and in the small ordinary things of life,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
18:29
there is a deep, indwelling presence that makes them extraordinary.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
18:34
It needs a profound attentiveness and a patient waiting,
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ื ื“ืจืฉ ืงืฉื‘ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืžืชื ื” ืกื‘ืœื ื™ืช.
18:41
a contemplative attitude and a generosity and openness
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื”ืจื”ืจืช, ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืœื‘ ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช
18:46
to those whose experience is different from my own.
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ืœืืœื• ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœื™.
18:51
When I stood up to speak to my people about God and the tsunami,
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ื›ืฉืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™,
18:54
I had no answers to offer them.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื.
18:58
No neat packages of faith, with Bible references to prove them.
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ืฉื•ื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช, ืขื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืชื "ืš ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”.
19:03
Only doubts and questioning and uncertainty.
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ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
19:08
I had some suggestions to make --
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืฆืขื•ืช-
19:11
possible new ways of thinking about God.
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
19:14
Ways that might allow us to go on, down a new and uncharted road.
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš, ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ืžื ืช.
19:20
But in the end, the only thing I could say for sure was, "I don't know,"
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” "ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข",
19:28
and that just might be the most profoundly religious statement of all.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื.
19:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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