How an old loop of railroads is changing the face of a city | Ryan Gravel

Prevoditelj: Igor Pureta Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

This picture

Ova slika

is from my metro card

je s moje kartice za metro

when I spent a year abroad in Paris in college in the mid-'90s.

tijekom godine studiranja u Parizu sredinom 90-ih.

My friend says I look like a French anarchist --

Prijatelj kaže da izgledam kao francuski anarhist --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But this is still what I see

No to je još uvijek ono što

when I look in the mirror in the morning.

vidim svako jutro u ogledalu.

Within a month of living in Paris, I'd lost 15 pounds

U mjesec dana života u Parizu, izgubio sam osam kilograma

and I was in the best shape of my life

i bio sam u najboljoj formi u životu

because I was eating fresh food

jer sam jeo svježu hranu

and I was walking wherever I went.

i hodao sam gdje god sam išao.

Having grown up in suburban Atlanta,

Odrastajući u predgrađu Atlante,

a region built largely by highways and automobiles

regiji izgrađenoj većinom autocestama i za automobile

and with a reputation as a poster child for sprawl,

s reputacijom primjera za rast,

Paris fundamentally changed the way I understood

Pariz je temeljno promijenio način na koji shvaćam

the construction of the world around me,

gradnju svijeta oko sebe.

and I got obsessed with the role of infrastructure --

Postao sam opsjednut ulogom infrastrukture --

that it's not just the way to move people from point A to point B,

to nije samo način da se ljudi kreću od točke A do točke B,

it's not just the way to convey water or sewage or energy,

nije samo način da se sprovede voda, kanalizacija ili energija,

but it's the foundation for our economy.

nego je temelj naše ekonomije.

It's the foundation for our social life and for our culture,

Temelj našeg društvenog života i naše kulture,

and it really matters to the way that we live.

i stvarno je važna za način na koji živimo.

When I came home, I was instantly frustrated,

Kada sam se vratio kući, bio sam trenutačno frustriran,

stuck in traffic as I crossed the top end of our perimeter highway.

zapevši u prometu dok sam vozio autocestom.

Not only was I not moving a muscle,

Ne samo da nisam micao niti jedan mišić,

I had no social interaction

nego nisam imao ni društvo

with the hundreds of thousands of people that were hurtling past me,

među stotinama tisuća ljudi koji su prolazili pored mene,

like me, with their eyes faced forward and their music blaring.

poput mene, s očima prema naprijed i glazbom koja trešti.

I wondered if this was an inevitable outcome,

Pitao sam se je li ovo neizbježan ishod,

or could we do something about it.

ili možemo napraviti nešto u vezi toga.

Was it possible to transform this condition in Atlanta

Je li moguće pretvoriti ovo stanje u Atlanti

into the kind of place that I wanted to live in?

u mjesto u kojemu stvarno želim živjeti?

I went back to grad school in architecture and city planning,

Vratio sam se na fakultet arhitekture i urbanog planiranja,

developed this interest in infrastructure,

razvio interes za infrastrukturu

and in 1999 came up with an idea

i 1999. osmislio ideju

for my thesis project:

za moj završni rad:

the adaptation of an obsolete loop of old railroad circling downtown

prilagodba zastarjele željezničke petlje koja kruži centrom

as a new infrastructure for urban revitalization.

kao nove infrastrukture za urbanu revitalizaciju.

It was just an idea.

Bila je to samo ideja.

I never thought we would actually build it.

Nikad nisam mislio da ćemo ju stvarno i izgraditi.

But I went to work at an architecture firm,

No išao sam na posao u arhitektonsko poduzeće

and eventually talked to my coworkers about it,

i razgovarao s kolegama o toj ideji.

and they loved the idea.

Svidjela im se.

And as we started talking to more people about it,

Počeli smo razgovarati o njoj s više ljudi

more people wanted to hear about it.

i sve više ljudi je htjelo čuti za nju.

In the summer of 2001,

U ljeto 2001.

we connected with Cathy Woolard,

povezali smo se s Cathy Woolard,

who was soon elected city council president.

koja je ubrzo izabrana za predsjednicu gradskog vijeća.

And we built a citywide vision around this idea:

Izgradili smo viziju cijelog grada oko moje ideje:

the Atlanta BeltLine, a 22-mile loop

Atlanta BeltLine, petlja od 35 kilometara

of transit and trails and transformation.

prijelaza, staza i preobrazbi.

I was doing two and three meetings a week for two and a half years,

Imao sam dva do tri sastanka tjedno tijekom dvije i pol godine,

and so was Cathy and her staff and a handful of volunteers.

jednako kao i Cathy, njeno osoblje i nekolicina volontera.

Together, we built this amazing movement of people and ideas.

Zajedno smo izgradili čudesan pokret ljudi i ideja.

It included community advocates who were used to fighting against things,

Uključili smo zagovornike zajednice koji su se obično borili protiv promjena,

but found the Atlanta BeltLine as something that they could fight for;

no vidjeli su Atlanta BeltLine kao nešto za što se mogu boriti;

developers who saw the opportunity

Razvijatelji su uvidjeli priliku kako

to take advantage of a lot of new growth in the city;

iskoristiti puno nove gradnje u gradu;

and dozens of nonprofit partners who saw their mission

deseci neprofitnih partnera koji su vidjeli svoju misiju

at least partly accomplished by the shared vision.

barem djelomično ispunjenu zajedničkom vizijom.

Now, usually these groups of people aren't at the same table

Obično ove grupe ljudi nisu za istim stolom

wanting the same outcome.

za kojim žele isti ishod.

But there we were, and it was kind of weird,

No bili smo tamo, i bilo je pomalo čudno

but it was really, really powerful.

no bilo je vrlo, vrlo moćno.

The people of Atlanta fell in love with a vision

Ljudi Atlante su se zaljubili u viziju

that was better than what they saw through their car windshields,

koja je bila bolja od onoga što su vidjeli kroz vjetrobrane,

and the people of Atlanta made it happen,

i ljudi Atlante su ideju napravili mogućom

and I guarantee you we would not be building it otherwise.

i garantiram da ju inače ne bismo niti sagradili.

From the beginning, our coalition was diverse.

Naša koalicija je bila raznolika od početka.

People of all stripes were part of our story.

Ljudi svih oznaka su bili dio naše priče.

People on the lower end of the economic spectrum loved it, too.

Ljudima na dnu ekonomskog spektra se također svidjela ideja.

They were just afraid they weren't going to be able to be there

Samo ih je bio strah da neće smjeti biti tamo

when it got built, that they'd be priced out.

kada se i izgradi, da će biti izgurani.

And we've all heard that kind of story before, right?

Svi smo čuli te priče već, zar ne?

But we promised that the Atlanta BeltLine would be different,

No obećali smo da će Atlanta BeltLine biti drugačija,

and people took ownership of the idea,

i ljudi su ideju uzeli pod svoje

and they made it better than anything we ever imagined

i napravili ju boljom nego što smo uopće mogli zamisliti

in the beginning,

na početku

including significant subsidies for housing,

uključujući subvencije za kuće,

new parks, art, an arboretum -- a list that continues to grow.

nove parkove, umjetnost, arboretum -- popis koji nastavlja rasti.

And we put in place

Dogovorili smo se

the organizations and agencies that were required to make it happen.

s organizacijama i agencijama koje su bile nužne da se ovo dogodi.

And importantly, it is.

Najvažnije, događa se.

Now we're in the early stages of implementation, and it's working.

U ranim smo fazama implementacije i funkcionira.

The first mainline section of trail was opened in 2012,

Prvi dio staza je otvoren 2012.

and it's already generated over three billion dollars

i već je generirao preko tri milijarde dolara

of private-sector investment.

ulaganja privatnog sektora.

But it's not only changing the physical form of the city,

No ne mijenja se samo fizički izgled grada,

it's changing the way we think about the city,

već i način na koji razmišljamo o gradu,

and what our expectations are for living there.

i naša očekivanja od života tamo.

About a month ago,

Prije mjesec dana,

I had to take my kids with me to the grocery store

morao sam povesti svoje klince u trgovinu sa mnom

and they were complaining about it,

i njima to nije bilo po volji,

because they didn't want to get in the car.

jer nisu htjeli ići autom.

They were saying, "Dad, if we have to go,

Rekli su: "Tata, ako već moramo ići,

can we at least ride our bikes?"

možemo li barem biciklima?"

And I said, "Of course we can.

Rekao sam: "Naravno da možemo.

That's what people in Atlanta do.

To rade ljudi u Atlanti.

We ride our bikes to the grocery store."

Voze bicikl do trgovine."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you, yeah.

Hvala vam, da.

Now, they don't know how ridiculous that is,

Oni ne znaju koliko je to suludo,

but I do.

no ja znam.

And I also understand that their expectations for Atlanta

Također razumijem da su njihova očekivanja od Atlante

are really powerful.

vrlo moćna.

This kind of transformation is exactly like sprawl

Ovaj način preobrazbe je upravo kao širenje

in the last century,

u prošlom stoljeću,

the movement where our investment in highways and automobiles

pokret u kojemu je naše ulaganje u autoceste i aute

fundamentally changed American life.

temeljno promijenilo američki život.

That wasn't some grand conspiracy.

To nije bila neka velika urota.

There were conspiracies within it, of course.

Bilo je urota unutar toga, naravno.

But it was a cultural momentum.

No bio je kulturni momentum.

It was millions of people making millions of decisions

Milijuni ljudi su donosili milijune odluka

over an extended period of time,

kroz duže vremensko razdoblje,

that fundamentally changed not only the way that we build cities,

koje su temeljno promijenile ne samo način na koji gradimo gradove,

but it changed our expectations

nego i naša očekivanja

for our lives.

za naše živote.

These changes were the foundations for urban sprawl.

Ove promjene su temelji urbanog širenja.

We didn't call it sprawl at that time.

Nismo to tada tako zvali.

We called it the future.

Zvali smo to budućnošću.

And it was.

I bila je.

And we got all the highways and strip malls and cul-de-sacs we wanted.

Dobili smo sve autoceste i trgovačke centre i slijepe ulice koje smo htjeli.

It was a radical transformation,

Bila je to radikalna transformacija,

but it was built by a cultural momentum.

no izgrađena je kulturnim momentumom.

So it's important to not separate

Važno je ne razdvajati

the physical construction of the places we live

fizičku konstrukciju mjesta u kojima živimo

from other things that are happening at that time.

od drugih stvari koje se događaju u to vrijeme.

At that time,

U to vrijeme,

in the second half of the last century,

u drugoj polovici zadnjeg stoljeća,

science was curing disease

znanost je liječila bolesti

and lifting us to the moon,

i dizala nas na mjesec,

and the sexual revolution was breaking down barriers,

seksualna revolucija je rušila barijere,

and the Civil Rights Movement began its march

pokret za civilna prava je započeo svoj marš

toward the fulfillment of our nation's promise.

prema ispunjenju obećanja naše nacije.

Television, entertainment, food, travel, business -- everything was changing,

Televizija, zabava, hrana, putovanja, posao -- sve se mijenjalo,

and both the public and private sectors were colluding

javni i privatni sektori su se spajali

to give us the lives we wanted.

kako bi nam dali život kakav želimo.

The Federal Highway Administration,

Federalna administracija autocesta,

for example, didn't exist before there were highways.

na primjer, nije postojala dok nismo imali autoceste.

Think about it.

Razmislite o tome.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Of course, today it's important to understand and acknowledge

Naravno, danas je važno priznati da

that those benefits accrued to some groups of people

su se te povlastice skupljale za neke grupe ljudi,

and not to others.

no ne i za druge.

It was not an equitable cultural momentum.

Nije bio jednak kulturni momentum.

But when we look today in wonder and disgust, maybe,

No, danas kada gledamo u čudu i odbojno, možda,

at the metropolis sprawl before us,

širenje metropola ispred nas,

we wonder if we're stuck.

pitamo se jesmo li zapeli.

Are we stuck with the legacy of that inequity?

Jesmo li zapeli u nasljeđu nejednakosti?

Are we stuck with this dystopian traffic hellscape?

Jesmo li zapeli u distopijskom prometnom paklu?

Are we stuck with rampant urban displacement,

Jesmo li zapeli s bujnim urbanim razmještanjem,

with environmental degradation?

s degradacijom prirode?

Are we stuck with social isolation

Jesmo li zapeli u društvenoj izolaciji

or political polarization?

ili političkoj polarizaciji?

Are these the inevitable and permanent outcomes?

Jesu li to neizbježni i trajni ishodi?

Or are they the result of our collective cultural decisions

Ili su rezultat naših kolektivnih društvenih odluka

that we've made for ourselves?

koje smo sami napravili?

And if they are,

Ako jesu,

can't we change them?

možemo li ih promijeniti?

What I have learned from our experience in Atlanta

Što sam naučio iz iskustva u Atlanti

is not an anomaly.

nije anomalija.

Similar stories are playing out everywhere,

Slične priče se događaju posvuda,

where people are reclaiming not only old railroads,

gdje ljudi ne preuzimaju natrag samo stare željeznice,

but also degraded urban waterways and obsolete roadways,

već i ostavljene urbane vodene puteve i stare ceste,

reinventing all of the infrastructure

ponovno stvarajući cijelu infrastrukturu

in their lives.

u svojim životima.

Whether here in New York

Bilo ovdje u New Yorku

or in Houston

ili u Houstonu

or Miami,

ili Miamiju,

Detroit, Philadelphia,

Detroitu, Philadelphiji,

Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore,

Seoulu, Hong Kongu, Singapuru,

Toronto and Paris,

Torontu i Parizu,

cities big and small all over the world are reclaiming and reinventing

veliki i mali gradovi po cijelom svijetu preuzimaju i ponovo grade

this infrastructure for themselves,

ovu infrastrukturu za sebe,

including the mother of all catalyst infrastructure projects,

uključujući majku svih katalizatorskih projekata infrastrukture,

the Los Angeles River,

rijeku u Los Angelesu,

the revitalization effort for which similarly started

čija revitalizacija je počela slično

as a grassroots movement,

kao mali pokret,

has developed into a cultural momentum,

i razvila se u kulturni momentum,

and is now in the early stages of being transformed

i sada je u ranoj fazi preobrazbe

into some kind of life-affirming infrastructure again,

u neku vrstu infrastrukture koja opet podržava život,

this one with trails and parks and fishing and boating

ovaj put s putevima, parkovima, ribolovom, brodovima,

and community revitalization,

revitalizacijom zajednice

and of course, water quality and flood control.

i naravno, kvalitetom vode i kontrolom poplava.

It's already improving the lives of people.

Već sada poboljšava život ljudima.

It's already changing the way the rest of us think about Los Angeles.

Već sada mijenja način na koji mi ostali mislimo o Los Angelesu.

This is more than just infrastructure.

Ovo je više od same infrastrukture.

We're building new lives for ourselves.

Gradimo novi život za sebe.

It's a movement that includes local food, urban agriculture,

To je pokret koji uključuje lokalnu hranu, urbanu poljoprivredu,

craft beer, the maker movement,

domaće pivo, pokret stvaratelja,

tech and design -- all of these things, early indicators of a really radical shift

tehnologija i dizajn -- sve ove stvari koje su rani pokazatelji radikalne

in the way we build cities.

promjene u načinu na koji gradimo gradove

We're taking places like this

Uzimamo ovakva mjesta

and transforming them into this.

i pretvaramo ih u ovakva mjesta.

And soon this.

I uskoro u ovakva mjesta.

And this is all exciting and good.

Ovo je sve uzbudljivo i dobro.

We're changing the world for the better.

Mijenjamo svijet na bolje.

Good for us!

Super za nas!

And it is awesome -- I mean that.

I odlično je -- stvarno to mislim.

But our history of sprawl,

No povijest našeg širenja,

and from what we can already see with these catalyst projects today,

i ono što možemo vidjeti s današnjim projektima,

we know and must remember

znamo i moramo zapamtiti

that big changes like this don't usually benefit everyone.

da velike promjene poput ove obično ne idu u korist svima.

The market forces unleashed by this cultural momentum

Tržišne snage oslobođene kulturnim momentumom

often include the seemingly unstoppable

često uključuju nezaustavljive

and inevitable cycle of rising taxes, prices and rents.

i neizbježne cikluse podizanja poreza, cijena i najama.

This is urgent.

Ovo je hitno.

If we care, we have to stand up

Ako nas je briga, moramo ustati

and speak out.

i progovoriti.

This should be a call to action,

Ovo bi morao biti poziv na akciju,

because the answer can't be to not improve communities.

jer odgovor ne može biti u tome da ne unapređujemo zajednice.

The answer can't be to not build parks and transit and grocery stores.

Odgovor ne može biti da ne gradimo parkove, prijelaze i trgovine.

The answer can't be to hold communities down

Odgovor ne može biti da zadržavamo zajednice

just to keep them affordable.

samo zato da bi bile dostupne.

But we do have to follow through and address the financial realities

No moramo nastaviti ovim putem i obratiti se financijskoj stvarnosti

that we're facing.

s kojom smo suočeni.

This is hard, and it won't happen on its own.

Ovo je teško i znam da se neće dogoditi samo od sebe.

We can do it, and I'm committed to this goal in Atlanta,

Možemo to napraviti, predan sam ovom cilju u Atlanti,

to sticking up again for people who made it possible in the first place.

ustati za ljude koji su ovo i omogućili.

We can't call it a success without them.

Ne možemo to nazvati uspjehom bez njih.

I certainly can't,

Ja sigurno ne mogu,

because the people I made commitments to all those years

jer ljudi kojima sam bio predan sve ove godine

weren't abstract populations.

nisu apstraktna populacija.

They're my friends and neighbors.

Oni su moji prijatelji i susjedi.

They're people that I love.

Ljudi koje volim.

So even though it started as my graduate thesis

Dakle, iako je počelo kao moj završni rad

and I'm working hard for 16 years with thousands of people

i to radim 16 godina s tisućama ljudi

to help make this thing come to life,

da bih pomogao da se ovo ostvari,

I know and believe that who the BeltLine is being built for

znam i vjerujem da je to za koga se gradi BeltLine

is just as important as whether it's built at all.

jednako važno kao i gradi li se uopće.

Not just in Atlanta,

Ne samo u Atlanti,

but locally and globally,

nego lokalno i globalno,

we have to understand

moramo razumjeti

this accountability to the people whose lives we are changing,

odgovornost za ljude čije živote mijenjamo

because this is us.

jer smo to mi.

We are the lives we're talking about.

Govorimo o našim životima.

These places aren't inevitable.

Ta mjesta nisu neizbježna.

The places we live aren't inevitable,

Mjesta u kojima živimo nisu neizbježna,

and if we want something different, we just need to speak up.

i ako želimo nešto drugačije, moramo se izboriti za to.

We have to ensure that change comes on our terms.

Moramo osigurati da promjena dolazi po našim uvjetima.

And to do that,

I kako bi to napravili,

we have to participate actively in the process of shaping change.

moramo sudjelovati aktivno u procesu oblikovanja promjene.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)