How an old loop of railroads is changing the face of a city | Ryan Gravel

76,323 views ・ 2016-12-22

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This picture
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is from my metro card
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when I spent a year abroad in Paris in college in the mid-'90s.
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My friend says I look like a French anarchist --
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(Laughter)
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But this is still what I see
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when I look in the mirror in the morning.
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Within a month of living in Paris, I'd lost 15 pounds
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and I was in the best shape of my life
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because I was eating fresh food
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and I was walking wherever I went.
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Having grown up in suburban Atlanta,
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a region built largely by highways and automobiles
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and with a reputation as a poster child for sprawl,
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Paris fundamentally changed the way I understood
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the construction of the world around me,
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and I got obsessed with the role of infrastructure --
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that it's not just the way to move people from point A to point B,
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it's not just the way to convey water or sewage or energy,
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but it's the foundation for our economy.
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It's the foundation for our social life and for our culture,
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and it really matters to the way that we live.
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When I came home, I was instantly frustrated,
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stuck in traffic as I crossed the top end of our perimeter highway.
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Not only was I not moving a muscle,
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I had no social interaction
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with the hundreds of thousands of people that were hurtling past me,
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like me, with their eyes faced forward and their music blaring.
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I wondered if this was an inevitable outcome,
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or could we do something about it.
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Was it possible to transform this condition in Atlanta
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into the kind of place that I wanted to live in?
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I went back to grad school in architecture and city planning,
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developed this interest in infrastructure,
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and in 1999 came up with an idea
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for my thesis project:
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the adaptation of an obsolete loop of old railroad circling downtown
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as a new infrastructure for urban revitalization.
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It was just an idea.
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I never thought we would actually build it.
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But I went to work at an architecture firm,
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and eventually talked to my coworkers about it,
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and they loved the idea.
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And as we started talking to more people about it,
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more people wanted to hear about it.
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In the summer of 2001,
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we connected with Cathy Woolard,
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who was soon elected city council president.
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And we built a citywide vision around this idea:
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the Atlanta BeltLine, a 22-mile loop
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of transit and trails and transformation.
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I was doing two and three meetings a week for two and a half years,
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and so was Cathy and her staff and a handful of volunteers.
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Together, we built this amazing movement of people and ideas.
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It included community advocates who were used to fighting against things,
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but found the Atlanta BeltLine as something that they could fight for;
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developers who saw the opportunity
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to take advantage of a lot of new growth in the city;
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and dozens of nonprofit partners who saw their mission
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at least partly accomplished by the shared vision.
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Now, usually these groups of people aren't at the same table
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wanting the same outcome.
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But there we were, and it was kind of weird,
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but it was really, really powerful.
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The people of Atlanta fell in love with a vision
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that was better than what they saw through their car windshields,
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and the people of Atlanta made it happen,
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and I guarantee you we would not be building it otherwise.
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From the beginning, our coalition was diverse.
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People of all stripes were part of our story.
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People on the lower end of the economic spectrum loved it, too.
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They were just afraid they weren't going to be able to be there
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when it got built, that they'd be priced out.
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And we've all heard that kind of story before, right?
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But we promised that the Atlanta BeltLine would be different,
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and people took ownership of the idea,
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and they made it better than anything we ever imagined
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in the beginning,
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including significant subsidies for housing,
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new parks, art, an arboretum -- a list that continues to grow.
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And we put in place
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the organizations and agencies that were required to make it happen.
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And importantly, it is.
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Now we're in the early stages of implementation, and it's working.
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The first mainline section of trail was opened in 2012,
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and it's already generated over three billion dollars
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of private-sector investment.
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But it's not only changing the physical form of the city,
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it's changing the way we think about the city,
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and what our expectations are for living there.
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About a month ago,
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I had to take my kids with me to the grocery store
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and they were complaining about it,
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because they didn't want to get in the car.
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They were saying, "Dad, if we have to go,
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can we at least ride our bikes?"
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And I said, "Of course we can.
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That's what people in Atlanta do.
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We ride our bikes to the grocery store."
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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Thank you, yeah.
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Now, they don't know how ridiculous that is,
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but I do.
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And I also understand that their expectations for Atlanta
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are really powerful.
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This kind of transformation is exactly like sprawl
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in the last century,
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the movement where our investment in highways and automobiles
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fundamentally changed American life.
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That wasn't some grand conspiracy.
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There were conspiracies within it, of course.
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But it was a cultural momentum.
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It was millions of people making millions of decisions
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over an extended period of time,
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that fundamentally changed not only the way that we build cities,
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but it changed our expectations
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for our lives.
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These changes were the foundations for urban sprawl.
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We didn't call it sprawl at that time.
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We called it the future.
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And it was.
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And we got all the highways and strip malls and cul-de-sacs we wanted.
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It was a radical transformation,
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but it was built by a cultural momentum.
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So it's important to not separate
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the physical construction of the places we live
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from other things that are happening at that time.
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At that time,
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in the second half of the last century,
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science was curing disease
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and lifting us to the moon,
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and the sexual revolution was breaking down barriers,
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and the Civil Rights Movement began its march
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toward the fulfillment of our nation's promise.
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Television, entertainment, food, travel, business -- everything was changing,
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and both the public and private sectors were colluding
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to give us the lives we wanted.
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The Federal Highway Administration,
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for example, didn't exist before there were highways.
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Think about it.
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(Laughter)
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Of course, today it's important to understand and acknowledge
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that those benefits accrued to some groups of people
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and not to others.
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It was not an equitable cultural momentum.
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But when we look today in wonder and disgust, maybe,
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at the metropolis sprawl before us,
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we wonder if we're stuck.
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Are we stuck with the legacy of that inequity?
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Are we stuck with this dystopian traffic hellscape?
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Are we stuck with rampant urban displacement,
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with environmental degradation?
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Are we stuck with social isolation
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or political polarization?
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Are these the inevitable and permanent outcomes?
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Or are they the result of our collective cultural decisions
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that we've made for ourselves?
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And if they are,
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can't we change them?
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What I have learned from our experience in Atlanta
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is not an anomaly.
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Similar stories are playing out everywhere,
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where people are reclaiming not only old railroads,
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but also degraded urban waterways and obsolete roadways,
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reinventing all of the infrastructure
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in their lives.
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Whether here in New York
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or in Houston
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or Miami,
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Detroit, Philadelphia,
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Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore,
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Toronto and Paris,
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cities big and small all over the world are reclaiming and reinventing
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this infrastructure for themselves,
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including the mother of all catalyst infrastructure projects,
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the Los Angeles River,
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the revitalization effort for which similarly started
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as a grassroots movement,
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has developed into a cultural momentum,
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and is now in the early stages of being transformed
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into some kind of life-affirming infrastructure again,
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this one with trails and parks and fishing and boating
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and community revitalization,
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and of course, water quality and flood control.
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It's already improving the lives of people.
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It's already changing the way the rest of us think about Los Angeles.
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This is more than just infrastructure.
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We're building new lives for ourselves.
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It's a movement that includes local food, urban agriculture,
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craft beer, the maker movement,
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tech and design -- all of these things, early indicators of a really radical shift
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in the way we build cities.
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We're taking places like this
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and transforming them into this.
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And soon this.
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And this is all exciting and good.
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We're changing the world for the better.
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Good for us!
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And it is awesome -- I mean that.
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But our history of sprawl,
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and from what we can already see with these catalyst projects today,
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we know and must remember
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that big changes like this don't usually benefit everyone.
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The market forces unleashed by this cultural momentum
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often include the seemingly unstoppable
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and inevitable cycle of rising taxes, prices and rents.
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This is urgent.
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If we care, we have to stand up
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and speak out.
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This should be a call to action,
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because the answer can't be to not improve communities.
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The answer can't be to not build parks and transit and grocery stores.
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The answer can't be to hold communities down
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just to keep them affordable.
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But we do have to follow through and address the financial realities
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that we're facing.
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This is hard, and it won't happen on its own.
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We can do it, and I'm committed to this goal in Atlanta,
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to sticking up again for people who made it possible in the first place.
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We can't call it a success without them.
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I certainly can't,
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because the people I made commitments to all those years
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weren't abstract populations.
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They're my friends and neighbors.
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They're people that I love.
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So even though it started as my graduate thesis
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and I'm working hard for 16 years with thousands of people
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to help make this thing come to life,
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I know and believe that who the BeltLine is being built for
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is just as important as whether it's built at all.
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Not just in Atlanta,
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but locally and globally,
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we have to understand
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this accountability to the people whose lives we are changing,
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because this is us.
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We are the lives we're talking about.
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These places aren't inevitable.
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The places we live aren't inevitable,
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and if we want something different, we just need to speak up.
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We have to ensure that change comes on our terms.
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And to do that,
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we have to participate actively in the process of shaping change.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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