The War in Ukraine Could Change Everything | Yuval Noah Harari | TED

4,688,257 views ใƒป 2022-03-02

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Malakoot Barham ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mohamed Salem
00:04
Bruno Giussani: We are at the end of day six of the war in Ukraine
0
4020
3640
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ ุฌูŠูˆุณุงู†ูŠ: ู†ุญู† ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
00:07
or, more correctly, of the Russian invasion of Ukraine,
1
7700
3560
ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฏู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
00:11
launched on February 24 by President Vladimir Putin.
2
11260
3800
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุฃู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูู„ุงุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุจูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ.
00:15
We are all shocked and saddened by the events
3
15580
3280
ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ุฐู‡ู„ู†ุง ูˆุญุฒู†ู‘ุง ุจุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุฏุงุซ ูˆู…ุง ุชุณุจุจุช ุจู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ู„ู„ุจุดุฑ.
00:18
and by the human suffering they are causing.
4
18900
2080
00:20
And as we speak, really,
5
20980
1840
ูˆููŠู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
00:22
a Russian military convoy is headed towards Kyiv,
6
22860
2560
ูŠุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ ู„ูƒูŠูŠู
00:25
other Ukrainian cities are being bombarded,
7
25460
3400
ูˆู…ุฏู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู‚ุตู
00:28
half a million Ukrainians have already fled to neighboring countries
8
28860
4840
ู‡ุฑุจ ู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„
00:33
and much more.
9
33740
1760
ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุชู‰.
00:35
It's still early days,
10
35860
1600
ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰
00:37
and it's difficult to predict how the situation will evolve
11
37500
4520
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ูƒูŠู ุณูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู
00:42
even just in the next few hours.
12
42060
3120
ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
00:45
But this is a war that should concern everyone, everywhere.
13
45220
4680
ู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชู‚ู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†.
00:49
And so today, in this TED Membership conversation,
14
49940
4240
ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุนุถุงุก TEDุŒ
00:54
we want to try to give it a broader context with our guest,
15
54180
3720
ู†ูˆุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุฃูˆุณุน ู…ุน ุถูŠูู†ุง
00:57
historian and author, Yuval Noah Harari.
16
57940
3440
ุงู„ู…ุคุฑุฎ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุชุจ ูŠูˆูุงู„ ู†ูˆุงู‡ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุฑ.
01:01
Yuval, welcome.
17
61420
1200
ูŠูˆูุงู„ ุงู‡ู„ุงู‹ ุจูƒ.
01:03
Yuval Noah Harari: Hello.
18
63060
1240
ูŠูˆูุงู„: ู…ุฑุญุจุงู‹.
01:04
Thank you for inviting me.
19
64300
1600
ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ุฏุนูˆุชูŠ.
01:05
BG: I want to start from Ukraine itself and its 42 million people
20
65940
4640
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุง ุจุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุจู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†
01:10
and its particular place between the East and the West.
21
70620
4280
ูˆู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจ.
01:15
What do we need to know about Ukraine
22
75220
1760
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุนู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
01:17
to understand this war and what's at stake?
23
77020
3280
ู„ู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆู…ุง ุชู‡ุฏุฏู‡ุŸ
01:21
YNH: The most crucial thing to know is that Ukrainians are not Russians,
24
81140
4120
ูŠูˆูู„: ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุงูŠุฌุจ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠู† ู„ูŠุณูˆ ุฑูˆุณุŒ
01:25
and that Ukraine is an ancient, independent nation.
25
85300
4120
ูˆุฃู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ.
01:29
Ukraine has a history of more than a thousand years.
26
89980
2840
ู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู ุณู†ู‡.
01:32
Kyiv was a major metropolis and cultural center
27
92860
3920
ูƒูŠูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุงุตู…ุฉ ูˆู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุซู‚ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ูˆุณูƒูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉู‹ ุญุชู‰.
01:36
when Moscow was not even a village.
28
96780
2600
01:39
For most of these thousand years Kyiv was not ruled by Moscow.
29
99900
4680
ู…ูˆุณูƒูˆ ู„ู… ุชุญูƒู… ูƒูŠูŠู ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ู ุณู†ู‡.
01:44
They were not part of the same political entity.
30
104620
4320
ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒูŠุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ.
01:50
For centuries, Kyiv was looking westwards
31
110300
3680
ูƒูŠูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู…ูŠู„ ู„ู„ุบุฑุจ ู…ู†ุฐูˆ ู‚ุฑูˆู†
01:53
and was a part of a union with Lithuania and Poland
32
113980
4480
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุน ู„ูŠุชูˆุงู†ูŠุง ูˆุจูˆู„ู†ุฏุง
01:58
until it was eventually conquered and absorbed by the Russian Empire,
33
118460
3960
ุญุชู‰ ุฅุญุชู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุจุชู„ุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ
02:02
by the czarist empire.
34
122420
1920
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุตุฑูŠุฉ.
02:04
But even after that,
35
124380
1240
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
02:05
Ukrainians remained a separate people to a large extent,
36
125620
4320
ุธู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู† ูˆู„ุญุฏ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุดุนุจ ู…ู†ูุตู„.
02:09
and it's important to know that
37
129980
1600
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ
02:11
because this is really what is at stake in this war.
38
131620
3840
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
02:15
The key issue of the war,
39
135460
2120
ูˆุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
02:17
at least for President Putin,
40
137620
2240
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุจูˆุชูŠู†ุŒ
02:19
is whether Ukraine is an independent nation,
41
139900
4360
ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ
02:24
whether it is a nation at all.
42
144300
1720
ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰.
02:26
He has this fantasy that Ukraine isn't a nation,
43
146540
4480
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„ ุจุฃู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
02:31
that Ukraine is just a part of Russia,
44
151060
2040
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
02:33
that Ukrainians are Russians.
45
153100
1720
ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุฑูˆุณ.
02:34
In his fantasy,
46
154820
2080
ููŠ ุฎูŠุงู„ู‡ุŒ
02:36
Ukrainians are Russians that want to be back in the fold of Mother Russia,
47
156900
6920
ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุฑูˆุณ ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏู‡ ู„ุญุถู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
02:43
and that the only ones preventing it is a very small gang at the top,
48
163860
4800
ูˆุฃู† ู…ู† ูŠุนุงุฑุถ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู… ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุนุตุงุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุตุจ ู‚ูŠุงุฏูŠุฉ
02:48
which he portrays as Nazis,
49
168700
2400
ูˆูŠุตูˆุฑู‡ู… ูƒู†ุงุฒูŠูŠู†
02:51
even if the president is Jewish; but OK, a Nazi Jew.
50
171140
5320
ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูŠู‡ูˆุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู† ูŠู‡ูˆุฏูŠ ู†ุงุฒูŠ.
02:56
And his belief was, at least,
51
176500
3920
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงูŠู…ุงู†ู‡
03:00
that he just needs to invade,
52
180460
3760
ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุบุฒูˆ
03:04
Zelenskyy will flee,
53
184260
1800
ุณูŠู‡ุฑุจ ุฒูŠู„ู†ุณูƒูŠ
03:06
the government will collapse,
54
186060
2440
ูˆุณุชู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
03:08
the army would lay down its arms,
55
188500
2400
ูˆุณูŠุณู„ู… ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุฃุณู„ุญุชู‡
03:10
and the Ukrainian people would welcome the Russian liberators,
56
190940
5000
ูˆุณูŠุฑุญุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ุจุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุฑูˆุฏ.
03:15
throwing flowers on them.
57
195940
1800
03:18
And this fantasy has been shattered already.
58
198580
3880
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุชุญุทูŠู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
03:22
Zelenskyy hasnโ€™t fled,
59
202980
2040
ุฒูŠู„ู†ุณูƒูŠ ู„ู… ูŠู‡ุฑุจุŒ
03:25
the Ukrainian army is fighting.
60
205060
2600
ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ูŠู‚ุงุชู„.
03:27
And the Ukrainian people is not throwing flowers on the Russian tanks,
61
207700
4320
ูˆุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูˆู„ู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุฑูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุด ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉุŒ
03:32
it's throwing Molotov cocktails.
62
212020
2080
ุจู„ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุฐููˆู†ู‡ู… ุจู‚ู†ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูˆุชูˆู.
03:34
BG: So let's unpack that
63
214420
1800
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ
03:36
and maybe take the different pieces one way one.
64
216260
2280
ูˆู„ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ.
03:38
So Ukraine has a long history of being dominated and occupied.
65
218540
2920
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู‡ู… ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุทูˆูŠู„ ููŠ ุฑุฒูˆุฎู‡ู… ุชุญุช ุงู„ุงุญุชู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ.
03:41
You mentioned the czar, but also the Soviet Union,
66
221500
2800
ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุงู„ู‚ูŠุตุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ
03:44
Hitler's armies.
67
224300
1440
ูˆุฌูŠุด ู‡ุชู„ุฑ.
03:45
It also has a long history of mistrust of authority and of resistance,
68
225780
5000
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง.
03:50
which goes some way to explain the current strong resistance
69
230780
3280
ู…ุง ูŠูุณุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
03:54
that the Russians are encountering.
70
234100
2120
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุขู†.
03:56
Anne Applebaum, the journalist, even suggests that this mistrust,
71
236780
3440
ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉ ุขู† ุฃุจู„ุจุงูˆู… ุงูุชุฑุถุช ุฃู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
04:00
this resistance to authority,
72
240260
2200
ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุณู„ุทุฉุŒ
04:02
is the very essence of Ukraine-ness, do you agree?
73
242500
2800
ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชุชูู‚ุŸ
04:05
YNH: We did see in the last 30 years Ukrainians twice rising in revolt
74
245300
5160
ูŠูˆูู„: ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ 30 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุฃุซุงุฑูˆุง ุซูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชุงู†
04:10
when there was a danger
75
250460
1840
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุฑ
04:12
of an authoritarian regime being established --
76
252340
3120
ู…ู† ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ู†ุธุงู… ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงุฏูŠ
04:15
once in 2004, once in 2013.
77
255460
4560
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ 2004 ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ 2013.
04:20
And when I was in Kyiv a few years ago,
78
260380
3440
ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ูƒูŠูŠู ู‚ุจู„ ุจุถุน ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ
04:23
what really struck me was this very strong feeling
79
263820
5040
ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‡ุดุชูŠ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุบุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
04:28
of the desire for independence and for democracy.
80
268860
3840
ู„ู„ุฅุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ.
04:33
And I remember walking around this museum
81
273020
3480
ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุจู…ุชุญู
04:36
of the Revolution of 2013-2014
82
276540
4400
ุซูˆุฑุฉ 2013-2014
04:40
and seeing these images, like these two elderly women
83
280940
4840
ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ู„ุฅู…ุฑุฃุชุงู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุชุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†
04:45
who were bringing sandwiches to the demonstrators,
84
285780
4280
ูŠุญุถุฑุงู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฏูˆูŠุดุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุชุธุงู‡ุฑูŠู†ุŒ
04:50
to the fighters.
85
290100
1160
ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจูŠู†.
04:51
They couldnโ€™t throw stones and they couldnโ€™t do anything else,
86
291260
3320
ู„ู… ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ู‘ ู…ู† ู‚ุฐู ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ูุนู„ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ
04:54
so they prepared sandwiches
87
294620
1560
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุถู‘ุฑู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฏูˆูŠุดุงุช
04:56
and brought this huge tray full of sandwiches
88
296180
3000
ูˆุฃุญุถุฑู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ุณู†ุฏูˆูŠุดุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุชุธุงู‡ุฑูŠู†.
04:59
to the demonstrators.
89
299220
1600
05:01
And this, yes, this is the kind of spirit
90
301220
2640
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูู„ู‡ูู… ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู†
05:03
that inspires not just the Ukrainians
91
303900
3160
05:07
but everybody who is now watching what is happening there.
92
307060
2840
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
05:10
BG: Help me understand the actual nature of the threat here
93
310780
4080
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ูู‡ู… ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
05:14
in terms of Russia moving into Ukraine.
94
314900
2920
ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
05:17
So in your last book, when you write about Russia,
95
317820
3160
ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุชุจุช ุนู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุงุŒ
05:20
you describe the Russian model as: โ€œnot a coherent political ideology,
96
320980
5680
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุตูุช ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ ูƒ: โ€ู„ูŠุณุช ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุชู…ุงุณูƒุฉุŒ
05:26
but rather a sort of practice of monopolizing power and wealth
97
326700
3720
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุญูˆุงุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉ
05:30
by a small group at the top."
98
330460
1640
ู…ู† ู‚ูุจูŽู„ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ.โ€
05:33
But then, in his actions against Ukraine,
99
333180
2560
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ุชุญุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุถุฏ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุงุŒ
05:35
Putin in the last few weeks seems to move very much by an ideology,
100
335780
4280
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุจูˆุชู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅุณุชู†ุงุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉุŒ
05:40
an ideology of empire, of denial of Ukraine's right to exist,
101
340100
3960
ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ุญู‚ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
05:44
as you mention.
102
344060
1200
ูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช.
05:45
What has changed in the four years since you wrote that book?
103
345300
2880
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุชุจุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŸ
05:48
YNH: The imperial dream was always there,
104
348220
2240
ูŠูˆูุงู„: ุงู„ุญู„ู… ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุŒ
05:50
but you know, empires are often the creation
105
350500
2840
ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุงุช ุชูˆู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุนุตุงุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ.
05:53
of a very small gang of people at the top.
106
353380
2560
05:56
I donโ€™t think the Russian people [are] interested in this war.
107
356420
4080
ู„ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู† ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
06:00
I don't think that the Russian people want to conquer Ukraine
108
360900
3200
ู„ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุบุฒูˆ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
06:04
or to slaughter the citizens of Kyiv.
109
364100
2520
ุฃูˆ ุฐุจุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ููŠ ูƒูŠูŠู.
06:06
It's all coming from the top.
110
366620
1920
ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ.
06:08
So there is no change there.
111
368940
2120
ู„ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ.
06:11
I mean, when you look at the Soviet Union,
112
371060
3400
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุชูŠุŒ
06:14
you can say that there was this mass ideology,
113
374460
3560
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ
06:18
which was shared by a large proportion, or some proportion, of the population.
114
378060
5080
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ.
06:23
You don't see this now.
115
383700
1800
ู„ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู†.
06:26
You know, Russia is a very rich country,
116
386460
3640
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ุฅู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ
06:30
rich in resources,
117
390100
1520
ุบู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏุŒ
06:31
but most people are very poor.
118
391660
1560
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูู‚ุฑุงุก.
06:33
Their standard of living is very, very low
119
393260
3000
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠุดุชู‡ู… ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุฌุฏุง
06:36
because all the wealth and power is kind of sucked
120
396260
4440
ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ ุชู… ุดูุทู‡ุง
06:40
by the people at the top,
121
400740
2040
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉุŒ
06:42
and very little is left for everybody else.
122
402820
2880
ูˆุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ ุชูุฑููƒูŽ ู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
06:46
So I don't think it's a society
123
406060
3480
ู„ุฐุง ู„ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
06:49
where the masses are part of this kind of ideological project.
124
409540
6000
ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ.
06:55
They're being ruled from the top.
125
415900
2120
ูŠุชู… ุญููƒู…ูู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ.
06:58
And you have this classic imperial situation,
126
418340
4280
ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุŒ
07:02
when the emperor,
127
422620
1920
ุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑุŒ
07:04
which controls the largest country in the world,
128
424580
3000
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญูƒู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
07:07
feels that, "Hey, this is not enough.
129
427620
2040
ูŠุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ โ€ ู‡ูŠูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠ.
07:09
I need more."
130
429700
1120
ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ.โ€
07:11
And sends his army to capture,
131
431580
2560
ูˆูŠุฑุณู„ ุฌูŠุดู‡ ู„ู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ
07:14
to extend the empire.
132
434180
1720
ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆูŠุฉ.
07:16
BG: I said at the beginning
133
436540
1680
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
07:18
that it's difficult, of course, to make predictions.
134
438260
2440
ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ุน.
07:20
But yesterday, you published an article in "The Guardian"
135
440700
2680
ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ู†ุดุฑุช ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุตุญูŠูุฉโ€œุฐุง ุฌุงุฑุฏูŠู†โ€
07:23
titled: โ€œWhy Putin has already lost this war.โ€
136
443420
2760
ูˆุนู†ูˆุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู† โ€ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฎุณุฑ ุจูˆุชู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.โ€
07:26
Please explain.
137
446180
1280
ุฑุฌุงุกุงู‹ ุงุดุฑุญ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุตุฏ.
07:27
YNH: Well, one thing should be very clear.
138
447820
2040
ู†ูˆูุงู„:ุญุณู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ.
07:29
I don't mean to say
139
449860
1680
ู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฒูŠู…ุฉ ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ.
07:31
that he's going to suffer an immediate military defeat.
140
451540
3400
07:34
He definitely has the military power to conquer Kyiv
141
454980
3200
ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุบุฒูˆ ูƒูŠูŠู ูˆุญุชู‰ ูƒู„ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
07:38
and perhaps the whole of Ukraine.
142
458220
2080
07:40
Unfortunately, we might see this.
143
460340
2640
ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง.
07:43
But his long-term goal,
144
463020
2400
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ุŒ
07:45
the whole rationale of the war,
145
465420
2320
ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ
07:47
is to deny the existence of the Ukrainian nation
146
467780
4720
ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
07:52
and to absorb it into Russia.
147
472540
2160
ูˆุฅู„ุญุงู‚ู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
07:55
And to do that, it's not enough to conquer Ukraine.
148
475180
3640
ูˆู„ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุบุฒูˆ ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
07:58
You also need to hold it.
149
478820
2480
ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ุชุชู…ุณูƒ ุจู‡ุง.
08:01
And it's all based on this fantasy, on this gamble,
150
481340
3960
ูˆุชุนุชู…ุฏ ูƒู„ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‡ุงู†
08:05
that most of the population in Ukraine would agree to this,
151
485300
4160
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุณูŠูˆุงูู‚ูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ
08:09
would even welcome this.
152
489500
2120
ูˆุญุชู‰ ุณูŠุฑุญุจูˆู† ุจู‡ุง.
08:11
And we already know that it's not true.
153
491980
2960
ูˆู†ุญู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญ.
08:15
That the Ukrainians are a very real nation;
154
495580
3320
ุฅู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
08:18
they are fiercely independent;
155
498940
1760
ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง.
08:20
they donโ€™t want to be part of Russia;
156
500740
2200
ู„ุง ูŠุฑูˆุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
08:22
they will fight like hell.
157
502940
1760
ุณูŠู‚ุงุชู„ูˆู† ุจุดุฏุฉ.
08:25
And in the long-run, again, you can conquer a country,
158
505420
3760
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุบุฒูˆ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ
08:29
But as the Russians learned in Afghanistan,
159
509220
2520
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆู† ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู†ุŒ
08:31
as the Americans learned also in Afghanistan, also in Iraq,
160
511780
3200
ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู† ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ุŒ
08:35
it's much harder to hold a country.
161
515020
2160
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ.
08:38
And again, the big question mark before the war was always this.
162
518300
3920
ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง
08:42
Before the war started, many things were already known.
163
522700
4200
ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ.
08:46
Everybody knew that the Russian army is much stronger than the Ukrainian Army.
164
526940
4400
ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ.
08:51
Everybody knew that NATO will not send armed forces into Ukraine,
165
531380
5520
ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชูˆ ู„ู† ุชุฑุณู„ ู‚ูˆุงุช ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
08:56
troops into Ukraine.
166
536900
1280
ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
08:58
Everybody knew that the West, the Europeans, would be hesitant
167
538220
3920
ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุจูŠูŠู† ุณูŠุชุฑุฏุฏูˆุง
09:02
about imposing too strict a sanction regime
168
542140
3480
ุจุฎุตูˆุต ูุฑุถ ู†ุธุงู… ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ุตุงุฑู…
09:05
for fear of being hurt by it themselves.
169
545660
2440
ุฎูˆูุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุฌุฑุงุก ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:08
And this was the basis for Putin's war plan.
170
548140
2840
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุณุงุณ ุฎุทุฉ ุจูˆุชู† ู„ู„ุญุฑุจ.
09:10
But there was one big unknown.
171
550980
2760
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ
09:13
Nobody could say for sure how the Ukrainian people would react.
172
553780
5400
ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ุณูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู‚ูŠู†ุงู‹ ูƒูŠู ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„ ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ.
09:19
And there was always the option
173
559780
1800
ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ูˆู‡ู… ุจูˆุชู†.
09:21
that maybe Putin's fantasy would come true.
174
561580
3280
09:25
Maybe the Russians will march in,
175
565220
2040
ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆู†
09:27
Zelenskyy would flee,
176
567260
2520
ูˆูŠู‡ุฑุจ ุฒูŠู„ูŠู†ุณูƒูŠุŒ
09:29
maybe the Ukrainian army will just capitulate
177
569820
2400
ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ ุณูŠุนุชุฑู ุจุงู„ู‡ุฒูŠู…ุฉ
09:32
and the population would not do much.
178
572260
2600
ูˆู„ู† ูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
09:34
This was always an option.
179
574900
1760
ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฎูŠุงุฑ.
09:37
And now we know this was just fantasy.
180
577100
2920
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูˆู‡ู….
09:40
Now we know that the Ukrainians are fighting, they will fight.
181
580740
4240
ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ูŠู‚ุงุชู„ูˆู† ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงุชู„ูˆู†.
09:45
And this derails the whole rationale of Putinโ€™s war.
182
585020
5920
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠูุณุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ุญุฑุจ ุจูˆุชูŠู†.
09:50
Because you can conquer the country, maybe,
183
590940
3240
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุฑุจู…ุงุŒ
09:54
but you won't be able to absorb Ukraine back into Russia.
184
594180
4240
ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ู„ู† ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฅุฑูุงู‚ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
09:58
The only thing he's accomplishing,
185
598420
2160
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู‚ู‚ู‡
10:00
he is planting seeds of hatred
186
600580
3560
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฒุฑุน ุจุฐุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑู‡
10:04
in the hearts of every Ukrainian.
187
604180
2840
ููŠ ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู†.
10:07
Every Ukrainian being killed,
188
607060
2360
ูƒู„ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู‚ูุชูู„ุŒ
10:09
every day this war continues is more seeds of hatred
189
609460
5160
ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ
10:14
that may last for generations.
190
614620
2760
ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„.
10:17
Ukrainians and Russians didn't hate each other before Putin.
191
617820
3160
ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ูˆุฑูˆุณูŠุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒุฑู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู‚ุจู„ ุจูˆุชู†.
10:21
Theyโ€™re siblings.
192
621020
1280
ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุดู‚ุงุก.
10:22
Now he's making them enemies.
193
622780
2720
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ุฃุนุฏุงุก.
10:25
And if he continues, this will be his legacy.
194
625900
2880
ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุจูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุฑุซู‡.
10:29
BG: We're going to talk a bit about that again later but, you know,
195
629740
4080
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุงุŒ
10:33
at the same time, Putin needs a victory, right?
196
633860
2280
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูˆุชู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู†ุตุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
10:36
The cost, the human, economic, political cost of this war,
197
636140
2760
ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏุŒ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
10:38
not even a week in, is already astronomical.
198
638940
3520
ู„ู… ูŠู…ุถูŠ ุงุณุจูˆุน ุจุนุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
10:42
So to justify it and also to remain, by the way,
199
642500
2880
ู„ุฐุง ู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุฃูŽู‡ู„ ู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
10:45
a viable leader at the head of Russia,
200
645380
2880
10:48
Putin needs to win, and even win convincingly.
201
648300
3040
ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุจูˆุชู† ู„ู„ููˆุฒุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู‚ู†ุนุฉ.
10:51
So how do we square these things?
202
651380
2640
ูƒูŠู ูŠุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŸ
10:54
YNH: I don't know.
203
654660
1280
ูŠูˆูุงู„: ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู….
10:55
I mean, the fact that you need to win doesn't mean that you can win.
204
655940
4080
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุญุงุฌุชูƒ ู„ู„ููˆุฒ ู„ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ููˆุฒ.
11:00
Lots of political leaders need to win, and sometimes they lose.
205
660060
3280
ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ู„ู„ููˆุฒุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูŠุฎุณุฑูˆู†.
11:03
He could stop the war, declare that he won,
206
663340
4120
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆูŠุนู„ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูุงุฒ.
11:07
and say that recognizing Luhansk and Donetsk by the Russians
207
667500
6760
ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฅู† ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ุจู‡ุงู†ุณูƒ ูˆุฏูˆู†ูŠุชุณูƒ
11:14
is what he really wanted all along, and he achieved this.
208
674300
3000
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฏูู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญู‚ู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
11:17
Maybe they cobble this agreement, or I donโ€™t know.
209
677300
3000
ุฑุจู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฃุชูุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู….
11:20
This is the job of politicians, I'm not a politician.
210
680300
3160
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู† ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุจุณูŠุงุณูŠ.
11:24
But I can tell you that I hope, for the sake of everybody --
211
684020
4360
ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน
11:28
Ukrainians, Russians and the whole of humanity --
212
688380
3960
ู…ู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุฑูˆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุนุงุกุŒ
11:32
that this war stops immediately.
213
692380
3120
ุฃู† ุชุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููˆุฑุง.
11:35
Because if it doesn't,
214
695900
1680
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุชูˆู‚ู
11:37
it's not only the Ukrainians and the Russians
215
697580
2200
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุณูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุจุดุฏู‘ุฉุŒ
11:39
that will suffer terribly.
216
699780
1680
11:41
Everybody will suffer terribly if this war continues.
217
701500
3920
ุจู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุณูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ุจุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
11:46
BG: Explain why.
218
706380
1320
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู‡ู„ู‘ุง ุชุดุฑุญ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง.
11:48
YNH: Because of the shock waves destabilizing the whole world.
219
708820
4040
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎู„ุฎู„ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡.
11:52
Letโ€™s start with the bottom line:
220
712900
2080
ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุตุฏู…ุฉ:
11:55
budgets.
221
715380
1200
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ.
11:56
We have been living in an amazing era of peace in the last few decades.
222
716620
4280
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฑุงุฆุน ูˆ ู…ู„ูŠุฆ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.
12:00
And it wasn't some kind of hippie fantasy.
223
720940
2880
ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„.
12:04
You saw it in the bottom line.
224
724220
1920
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ.
12:06
You saw it in the budgets.
225
726180
1840
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ.
12:08
In Europe, in the European Union,
226
728340
1880
ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠุŒ
12:10
the average defense budget of EU members
227
730260
4000
ู…ุนุฏู„ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ
12:14
was around three percent of government budget.
228
734300
3200
ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
12:18
And that's a historical miracle, almost.
229
738180
3640
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุฉุŒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง.
12:21
For most of history,
230
741860
2000
ุทูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
12:23
the budget of kings and emperors and sultans, like 50 percent,
231
743900
4040
ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุจุงุทุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงุทูŠู† ูƒุงู†ุช 50 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉุŒ
12:27
80 percent goes to war, goes to the army.
232
747980
3000
ูˆ80 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠุด.
12:31
In Europe, itโ€™s just three percent.
233
751660
1680
ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูู‚ุท ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ.
12:33
In the whole world, the average is about six percent, I think,
234
753380
3480
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
12:36
fact-check me on this, but this is the figure that I know,
235
756900
2720
ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡.
12:39
six percent.
236
759620
1200
ุณุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ.
12:40
What we saw already within a few days,
237
760820
1840
ูˆู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…
12:42
Germany doubles its military budget in a day.
238
762700
3480
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุถุงุนูุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
12:46
And I'm not against it.
239
766500
1680
ูˆู„ุณุช ุถุฏ ู‡ุฐุง.
12:48
Given what they are facing, it's reasonable.
240
768180
2680
ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู‡ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ.
12:50
For the Germans, for the Poles,
241
770900
1520
ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏูŠูŠู†
12:52
for all of Europe to double their budgets.
242
772460
2520
ูˆู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุจุง ุฃู† ุชุถุงุนู ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุชู‡ุง.
12:55
And you see other countries around the world doing the same thing.
243
775020
3120
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูุนู„ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู†ูุณู‡.
12:58
But this is, you know, a race to the bottom.
244
778180
3960
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ุณุจุงู‚ ู„ู„ู‚ุงุน.
13:02
When they double their budgets,
245
782180
2000
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุถุงุนููˆู† ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ
13:04
other countries look and feel insecure and double their budgets,
246
784220
4680
ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ูˆุชุถุงุนู ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุชู‡ุง
13:08
so they have to double them again and triple them.
247
788940
2560
ู„ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุถุงุนููˆ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุชู‡ู… ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุง.
13:11
And the money that should go to health care,
248
791540
3680
ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ
13:15
that should go to education,
249
795260
1800
ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ
13:17
that should go to fight climate change,
250
797100
2920
13:20
this money will now go to tanks, to missiles, to fighting wars.
251
800060
5160
ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุณุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุฏุจุงุจุงุช ูˆู„ู„ุตูˆุงุฑูŠุฎ ูˆู„ุฎูˆุถ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ.
13:25
So there is less health care for everybody,
252
805660
3120
ู„ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ
13:28
and there is maybe no solution to climate change
253
808820
2880
ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญู„ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ
13:31
because the money goes to tanks.
254
811700
2360
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุณุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุฏุจุงุจุงุช.
13:34
And in this way, even if you live in Australia,
255
814060
2840
ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนุดุช ุจุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ
13:36
even if you live in Brazil,
256
816940
1960
ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ุŒ
13:38
you will feel the repercussions of this war in less health care,
257
818940
5840
ุณุชุดุนุฑ ุจุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุจู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑุŒ
13:44
in a deteriorating ecological crisis,
258
824820
4040
ูˆุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉุŒ
13:48
in many other things.
259
828900
1200
ูˆู†ูˆุงุญูŠ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
13:50
Again, another very central question is technology.
260
830100
4280
ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
13:55
We are on the verge, we are already in the middle, actually,
261
835500
3120
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงูุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตูุŒ
13:58
of new technological arms races in fields like artificial intelligence.
262
838620
5680
ุณุจุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชุณู„ุญ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ.
14:04
And we need global agreement about how to regulate AI
263
844940
3560
ูˆู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุชูุงู‚ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ
14:08
and to prevent the worst scenarios.
264
848540
2760
ูˆู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุก.
14:11
How can we get a global agreement on AI
265
851300
4360
ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุตู„ ูุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุชูุงู‚ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ
14:15
when you have a new cold war, a new hot war?
266
855660
3120
ููŠ ุญูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุญุฑุจ ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุญุฑุจ ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŸ
14:19
So in this field, to all hopes
267
859380
3160
ุงุฐุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠ
14:22
of stopping the AI arms race will go up in smoke if this war continues.
268
862580
6840
ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุณุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุญ ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุจุฅุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
14:30
So again, everybody around the world will feel the consequences in many ways.
269
870180
5120
ู„ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุณูŠุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช ุจุทุฑู‚ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
14:35
This is much, much bigger than just another regional conflict.
270
875300
5120
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ุฒุงุน ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
14:41
BG: If one of Putin's goals here is to divide Europe,
271
881100
3480
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฅุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุจูˆุชู† ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุงุŒ
14:44
to weaken the transatlantic alliance
272
884580
1960
ูˆุฅุถุนุงู ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ู ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุณูŠ
14:46
and the global liberal order,
273
886580
1880
ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠุฑุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
14:48
he seems to kind of accidentally have revitalized all of them in a way.
274
888500
5200
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ ุฃุญูŠุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
14:53
US-EU relations have never been so close in many years.
275
893740
3200
ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุฃุจุฏุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ
14:56
And so how do you read that?
276
896980
2600
ู…ู† ุณู†ูŠู† ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ูƒูŠู ุชูุณุฑ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
14:59
YNH: Well, again, in this sense, he also lost the war.
277
899980
2800
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุญุณู†ุง ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฎุณุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
15:02
If his aim was to divide Europe, to divide NATO,
278
902780
3680
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุชูˆุŒ
15:06
he's achieved exactly the opposite.
279
906500
1720
ูู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูุนู„ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ.
15:08
I mean, I was amazed by how quick,
280
908700
4240
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฏูู‡ูุดุช ุจู…ุฏู‰ ุณุฑุนุฉ
15:12
how strong and how unanimous the European reaction was.
281
912980
5840
ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุฑุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ.
15:18
I think the Europeans surprised themselves.
282
918820
2280
ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠูŠู† ูุงุฌุฆูˆ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
15:21
You even see countries like Finland and Sweden sending arms to Ukraine
283
921460
4800
ุชุฑู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ ููŠู†ู„ุงู†ุฏุง ูˆุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ ูŠุฑุณู„ุงู† ุฌูŠูˆุดู‡ู… ู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
15:26
and closing their airspace.
284
926300
1720
ูˆูŠุบู„ู‚ูˆู† ู…ุฌุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ.
15:28
They didn't even do it in the Cold War.
285
928060
2320
ู„ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ.
15:30
It's really amazing to see it.
286
930420
3400
ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุด ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ.
15:33
I think another very important thing is what has been dividing the West
287
933860
4840
ูˆุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุฃููƒุฑ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŽุฑูŽู‘ู‚ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ
15:38
over the several years now,
288
938740
2440
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
15:41
itโ€™s what people term the โ€œculture warโ€.
289
941180
2880
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณโ€œุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠุฉโ€œ.
15:44
The culture war between left and right, between conservatives and liberals.
290
944100
5200
ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑุŒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู†.
15:49
And I think this war can be an opportunity
291
949860
3880
ูˆุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ูุฑุตุฉ
15:53
to end the culture war within the West,
292
953740
3160
ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ
15:56
to make peace in the culture war.
293
956940
2440
ู„ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ.
15:59
First of all, because you suddenly realize we are all in this together.
294
959420
4400
ุฃูˆู„ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฏุฑูƒ ูุฌุฃุฉ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง.
16:03
There are much bigger things in the world
295
963860
2680
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
16:06
than these arguments between left and right
296
966580
3920
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุนุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
16:10
within the Western democracies.
297
970540
2400
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ.
16:12
And it's a reminder that we need to stand united
298
972980
4800
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ู…ุชุญุฏูŠู†
16:17
to protect Western liberal democracies.
299
977820
3120
ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ.
16:20
But it's deeper than that.
300
980940
1720
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃุนู…ู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
16:22
Much of the argument between left and right
301
982660
3120
ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
16:25
seemed to be in terms of a contradiction
302
985820
3120
ุจุฏุช ูƒุชุนุงุฑุถ
16:28
between liberalism and nationalism.
303
988980
3120
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
16:32
Like, you need to choose.
304
992540
1360
ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุชุงุฑ.
16:33
And the right goes with nationalism,
305
993940
2080
ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุชู…ุงุดู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠุฉุŒ
16:36
and the left goes more liberalism.
306
996060
2120
ูˆูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ.
16:38
And Ukraine is a reminder that no, the two actually go together.
307
998220
4880
ูˆุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุชู…ุงุดูŠุงู† ู…ุนุง.
16:43
Historically, nationalism and liberalism are not opposites.
308
1003100
4440
ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณูˆ ุฃุถุฏุงุฏ.
16:47
They are not enemies.
309
1007580
1200
ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนุฏุงุก.
16:48
They are friends, they go together.
310
1008820
1680
ุจู„ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุกุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ.
16:50
They meet around the central value of freedom, of liberty.
311
1010540
4960
ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุง ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ.
16:56
And to see a nation fighting for its survival,
312
1016220
4160
ู„ุฐุง ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชู‚ุงุชู„ ู„ูˆุฌุฏูˆุฏู‡ุง
17:00
fighting for its freedom,
313
1020420
2880
ุชู‚ุงุชู„ ู„ุญุฑูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ
17:03
you see it on Fox News or you see it in CNN.
314
1023340
3960
ุชุฑุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ููˆูƒุณ ู†ูŠูˆุฒ ุฃูˆ ุชุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ุณูŠ ุฅู† ุฅู†.
17:07
And yes, they tell the story a little differently,
315
1027340
2960
ูˆู†ุนู… ู‡ู… ูŠุฎุจุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุจุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ู‚ู„ูŠู„
17:10
but they suddenly see the same reality.
316
1030340
2960
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูุฌุฃุฉ ูŠุฑูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
17:14
And they find common ground.
317
1034340
1960
ูˆูŠุฑูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ.
17:17
And the common ground is to understand
318
1037220
2120
ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูู‡ู…
17:19
that nationalism is not about hating minorities or hating foreigners,
319
1039340
3640
ู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงู†ุจุŒ
17:23
it's about loving your compatriots,
320
1043020
2880
ุจู„ ุจู…ุญุจุฉ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠูƒุŒ
17:25
and reaching a peaceful agreement
321
1045940
2760
ูˆุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงู„ู…ุฉ
17:28
about how we want to run our country together.
322
1048700
3400
ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุชู†ุง ู…ุนุง.
17:32
And I hope that seeing what is happening
323
1052660
3080
ูˆุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ
17:35
would help to end the culture war in the West.
324
1055740
3960
ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ.
17:40
And if this happens, we don't need to worry about anything.
325
1060220
3320
ูˆุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก.
17:44
You know, when you look at the real power balance,
326
1064180
4200
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ
17:48
if the Europeans stick together,
327
1068420
3760
ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ุงุณูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู† ู…ุนุง
17:52
if the Americans and the Europeans stick together
328
1072220
2880
ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ุงุณูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู† ู…ุนุง
17:55
and stop this culture war and stop tearing themselves apart,
329
1075140
4280
ูˆุฃูˆู‚ููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠุฉ ูˆุชู…ุฒูŠู‚ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ
17:59
they have absolutely nothing to fear -- the Russians or anybody else.
330
1079460
5160
ู„ู† ูŠุฎุงููˆุง ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง- ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ.
18:05
BG: I'm going to ask you a question later about the stories the West tells itself,
331
1085220
3920
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุณุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎุจุฑ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุจู‡ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
18:09
but let me zoom out for a second and get a larger perspective.
332
1089180
6480
ู„ูƒู† ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃุจุชุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู„ุฃุฑู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ.
18:16
You wrote another essay last week in โ€œThe Economistโ€,
333
1096020
3400
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุชุจุช ู…ู‚ุงู„ุง ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ูุงุฆุช ููŠ โ€œุฅูƒูˆู†ูˆู…ูŠุณุชโ€
18:19
and you argue that what's at stake in Ukraine is, and I quote you,
334
1099460
4040
ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุฏู„ุช ุฃู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ
18:23
"the direction of human history"
335
1103500
2080
โ€œุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠโ€
18:25
because it puts at risk what you call
336
1105580
2760
ู„ุฃู† ูŠุถุน ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ุนู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑุŒ
18:28
the greatest political and moral achievement of modern civilization,
337
1108340
3200
18:31
which is the decline of war.
338
1111580
2640
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
18:34
So now we are back in a war and potentially afterwards
339
1114980
3360
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ุดูƒู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ
18:38
into a new form of cold war or hot war,
340
1118380
3040
18:41
but hopefully not.
341
1121460
1560
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู† ู„ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ.
18:43
Elaborate about that essay you wrote.
342
1123460
2480
ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡.
18:46
YNH: Yeah, I mean, some people think
343
1126420
1760
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู†ุนู… ุงุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠููƒุฑูˆู†
18:48
that all this talk about the decline of war
344
1128220
2040
ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
18:50
was always just a fantasy.
345
1130260
1760
ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูู‚ุท ุฎูŠุงู„.
18:52
But ...
346
1132860
1160
ู„ูƒู†...
18:54
Again, you look at the statistics.
347
1134500
2200
ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ุฃูู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุญุตุงุกุงุช.
18:56
Since 1945,
348
1136740
1480
ู…ู†ุฐ 1945
18:58
there has not been a single clash between superpowers,
349
1138260
3680
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุตุงุฏู… ุจูŠู† ู…ุงู„ูƒูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
19:01
whereas previously in history,
350
1141980
1560
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุจุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
19:03
this was, you know, the basic stuff of history.
351
1143580
2320
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ูƒุงู†ุช ุดูŠุก ุงุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ.
19:05
Since 1945,
352
1145940
1640
ู…ู†ุฐ 1945
19:07
not a single internationally recognized country
353
1147580
3560
ูˆู„ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุนุชุฑู ุจู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ูŠุง
19:11
was wiped off the map by external invasion.
354
1151180
3160
ุชู… ู…ุญูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ.
19:14
This was the common thing in history.
355
1154660
2880
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุงุฆุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ.
19:18
Until then and then it stopped.
356
1158260
2160
ุญุชู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชูˆู‚ู.
19:20
This is an amazing achievement,
357
1160460
2480
ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ุนุธูŠู….
19:22
which is the basis for everything we have,
358
1162980
2400
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒู‡
19:25
for our medical services,
359
1165380
1640
ู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ
19:27
for education system,
360
1167060
1960
ูˆู†ุธุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ
19:29
and this is all now in jeopardy.
361
1169060
2760
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ.
19:31
Because this era of peace,
362
1171860
2160
ู„ุฃู† ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง
19:34
it wasn't the result of some miracle.
363
1174060
2440
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ.
19:36
It wasn't the result of a change in the laws of nature.
364
1176500
3080
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
19:39
It was humans making better decisions and building better institutions,
365
1179620
5960
ูƒุงู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฅุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุจู†ุงุก ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุฃูุถู„ุŒ
19:45
which means also
366
1185620
1400
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง
19:47
that there is no guarantee for the future.
367
1187020
2880
ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุถู…ุงู† ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
19:49
If humans, some humans, start making bad decisions
368
1189940
4240
ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุจุฅุชุฎุงุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุณูŠุฆุฉ
19:54
and start destroying the institutions that kept the peace,
369
1194180
4240
ูˆุจุฏุฃูˆ ุจุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญูุธุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
19:58
then we will be back in the era of war
370
1198460
3520
ุฅุฐุง ุณู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
20:01
with budgets, military budgets going to 20, 30, 40 percent.
371
1201980
4400
ู…ุน ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ 20ุŒ 30ุŒ 40 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ.
20:06
It can happen.
372
1206420
1320
ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง.
20:07
It's in our hands.
373
1207780
1480
ู†ุญู† ู…ู† ู†ุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ.
20:09
And I'll just say one more thing,
374
1209300
2240
ูˆุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑุŒ
20:11
When, not just me, but other scholars like Steven Pinker and others,
375
1211580
3960
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ุบูŠุฑูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุณุชูŠูู† ุจูŠู†ูƒุฑ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู…
20:15
talked about the era of peace,
376
1215580
2720
ุชูƒู„ู…ูˆ ุนู† ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
20:18
some people understood it as kind of encouraging complacency.
377
1218340
3760
ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดุฌูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุถุง ุงู„ู†ูุณ.
20:22
That, oh, we don't need to worry about anything.
378
1222580
2520
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก.
20:25
No, I mean, the message was really the opposite.
379
1225100
2640
ูƒู„ุงุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
20:27
It was a message of responsibility.
380
1227740
2160
ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
20:30
If you think that there is no era of peace in history,
381
1230700
3840
ุฅุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุนุตุฑ ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
20:34
it's always war, it's always the jungle,
382
1234580
2520
ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูู‚ุท ุญุฑุจุŒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุบุงุจุงุชุŒ
20:37
there is a constant level of violence in nature,
383
1237100
4760
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุซุงุจุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ู ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
20:41
then this basically means
384
1241900
2000
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
20:43
that there is no point struggling for peace
385
1243940
4320
ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู…
20:48
and there is no responsibility on leaders like Putin
386
1248300
3600
ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุจูˆุชู†
20:51
because you can't blame Putin for the war.
387
1251940
2040
ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ู„ูˆู… ุจูˆุชู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
20:54
It's just a law of nature that there are wars.
388
1254020
2480
ุฅู†ู‡ ูู‚ุท ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุฑูˆุจ.
20:57
When you realize, no, humans are able to decrease the level of violence,
389
1257140
6880
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูุŒ
21:04
then it should make us much more responsible.
390
1264060
3120
ุฅุฐุง ูŠุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
21:07
And it should also make us understand
391
1267740
2800
ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…
21:10
that the war in Ukraine now, itโ€™s not a natural disaster.
392
1270580
4880
ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฑุถ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ.
21:15
Itโ€™s a man-made disaster, and a single man.
393
1275460
2560
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุฑุฌู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
21:18
It's not the Russian people who want this war.
394
1278580
2680
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
21:21
There's really just a single person
395
1281300
3440
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญู‚ุง ุฑุฌู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
21:24
who, by his decisions,
396
1284740
2480
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุงุฑู‡
21:27
created this tragedy.
397
1287220
1800
ุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฃุณุงุฉ.
21:30
BG: So one of the things that has come back
398
1290020
2120
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุงุฏุช
21:32
in the last weeks and months is the nuclear threat.
399
1292180
4360
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
21:36
It's moved back into the center of political and strategic considerations.
400
1296580
3480
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุงุฏุช ู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ.
21:40
Putin has talked about it several times,
401
1300100
1920
ุชูƒู„ู… ุจูˆุชู† ุนู†ู‡ุง ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช.
21:42
the other day he ordered Russia's nuclear forces on a higher alert status.
402
1302060
4160
ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุจุฑูุน ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃู‡ุจ.
21:46
President Zelenskyy himself at the Munich Security Conference
403
1306260
3200
ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุฒูŠู„ูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ู…ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฎ ู„ู„ุฃู…ู†
21:49
essentially said that Ukraine had made a mistake
404
1309460
3000
ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุฅุฑุชูƒุจุช ุฎุทุฆุงู‹
21:52
abandoning the nuclear weapons it had inherited from the Soviet Union.
405
1312500
4760
ุจู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฑุซุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ.
21:57
That's a statement that I suspect many countries are pondering.
406
1317300
4600
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุงู† ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡.
22:02
What's your thinking about the return of the nuclear threat?
407
1322660
3080
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชููƒูŠุฑูƒ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŸ
22:05
YNH: It's extremely frightening.
408
1325780
2160
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุนุจ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
22:08
You know, it's like it's almost Freudian,
409
1328500
1960
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ูุฑูˆูŠุฏูŠุงู‹ุŒ
22:10
it's the return of the repressed.
410
1330500
1840
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุธู„ูˆู….
22:12
We thought that, oh, nuclear weapons, yes,
411
1332780
2040
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุธู†ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ุงูˆู‡ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุนู…
22:14
there was something about that in the 1960s
412
1334820
2040
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุจุฎุตูˆุตู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู†ุงุช
22:16
with the Cuban Missile Crisis and Dr. Strangelove.
413
1336860
2800
ู…ุน ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ูƒูˆุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุณุชุฑูŠู†ุฌู„ูˆู.
22:20
But no, it's here.
414
1340300
3440
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง.
22:23
And, you know, it took just a few days
415
1343740
2760
ูˆุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ุงูุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
22:26
of difficulties on the battlefield
416
1346500
3680
ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุนุงุจ ููŠ ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ
22:30
for suddenly --
417
1350220
1160
ู„ูุฌุฃุฉ-
22:31
I mean, I'm watching television, like, the news
418
1351420
3840
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃูุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ูุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ
22:35
and you have these experts explaining to people
419
1355300
4440
ูˆุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูŠุดุฑุญูˆู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ
22:39
what different nuclear weapons will do to this city or to this country.
420
1359780
4520
ู…ุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุชุญุฏุซู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ.
22:45
It rushed back in.
421
1365100
2120
ู‡ุฑุนุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
22:48
So, you know, nuclear weapons are --
422
1368060
2280
ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ--
22:50
in a way they also, until now, preserved the peace of the world.
423
1370380
5600
ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู„ู„ุขู† ุญุงูุธูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
22:55
I belong to the school of thought that if it was not for nuclear weapons,
424
1375980
4200
ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคู…ู† ุฃู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
23:00
we would have had the Third World War
425
1380220
3000
ู„ุญุฏุซุช ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
23:03
between the Soviet Union and the United States and NATO
426
1383220
3880
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุช ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุชูˆ
23:07
sometime in the 1950s or '60s.
427
1387140
3160
ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณุชูŠู†ุงุช.
23:11
That nuclear weapons actually, until today, served a good function.
428
1391220
5320
ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุขู† ุฎุฏู…ุช ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ.
23:16
It's because of nuclear weapons
429
1396860
1640
23:18
that we did not have any more direct clashes between superpowers
430
1398540
3960
ู„ู… ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตุงุฏู… ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ
23:22
because it was obvious that this would be collective suicide.
431
1402540
3560
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูƒุฅู†ุชุญุงุฑ ุฌู…ุงุนูŠ.
23:26
But the danger is still there, it's always there.
432
1406820
3080
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ.
23:29
If there is miscalculation,
433
1409940
3160
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณูˆุก ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุŒ
23:33
then the results could, of course,
434
1413140
3960
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ
23:37
be existential, catastrophic.
435
1417140
3280
ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูƒุงุฑุซูŠุฉ.
23:40
BG: And at the same time, you know, in the '70s after Cuba and Berlin,
436
1420780
5480
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ูˆุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู†ุงุช ุจุนุฏ ูƒูˆุจุง ูˆุจุฑู„ูŠู†ุŒ
23:46
and so in the '60s, but in the '70s,
437
1426300
1720
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู†ุงุช
23:48
we started building a sort of international institutional architecture
438
1428060
3480
ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงุก ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ
23:51
that helped reduce the risk of military confrontation of nuclear weapons,
439
1431580
3800
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
23:55
we used, you know, anything from arms control agreements
440
1435420
3880
ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุญ
23:59
to measures designed to build trust or to communicate directly and so on.
441
1439340
3880
ู„ู„ุชุฏุงุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
24:03
And then in the last decade or so,
442
1443260
1640
ูˆููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู‚ุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุดุงุจู‡ุŒ
24:04
that has been progressively kind of scrapped,
443
1444940
2120
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ู‡
24:07
so we are even in a more dangerous situation
444
1447060
2080
ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ูˆุถุน ุฃุฎุทุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
24:09
than we were let's say, at the end of the last century.
445
1449180
2600
ู…ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
24:11
YNH: Completely, I mean,
446
1451820
1160
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ. ุฃุนู†ูŠ
24:13
we are now reaping the bad fruits of neglect
447
1453020
4640
ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุฌู†ูŠ ุงู„ุซู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ูุงุณุฏุฉ ู„ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู†ุง
24:17
that's been going on for several years,
448
1457700
2480
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
24:20
not just about nuclear weapons, but in general,
449
1460220
2600
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…
24:22
about international institutions and global cooperation.
450
1462820
5520
ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
24:28
Weโ€™ve built, in the late 20th century,
451
1468900
5680
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูŠู†ุง ู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
24:34
a house for humanity
452
1474620
2760
ุจูŠุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ
24:37
based on cooperation,
453
1477420
2880
ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†
24:40
based on collaboration,
454
1480340
2160
ูˆุงุงู„ุชุดุงุฑูƒ
24:42
based on the understanding
455
1482500
1680
ูˆุงู„ุชูุงู‡ู…
24:44
that our future depends on being able to cooperate,
456
1484180
4840
ู„ุฃู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุชุนุงูˆู†
24:49
otherwise we will become extinct as a species.
457
1489020
3080
ูˆุฅู„ู‘ุง ุณู†ุตุจุญ ุฃุตู†ุงู ู…ู†ู‚ุฑุถุฉ.
24:52
And we all live in this house.
458
1492980
3160
ูˆุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
24:56
But in the last few years we stopped --
459
1496740
2800
ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ --
24:59
we neglected it, we stopped repairing it.
460
1499580
2560
ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู†ุงู‡ุŒ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู† ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡.
25:02
We allow it to deteriorate more and more.
461
1502180
3840
ุณู…ุญู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ.
25:06
And, you know, eventually it will --
462
1506460
4480
ูˆุชุนู„ู… ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
25:10
It is collapsing now.
463
1510980
1760
ุณูˆู ูŠู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู†.
25:12
So I hope that people will realize before it's too late
464
1512780
3760
ู„ุฐุง ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุฑูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ููˆุงุช ุงู„ุขูˆุงู†.
25:16
that we need not just to stop this terrible war,
465
1516580
3800
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ู†ูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉุŒ
25:20
we need to rebuild the institutions,
466
1520420
3640
ุจู„ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงูŠุถุง ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ
25:24
we need to repair the global house in which we all live together.
467
1524100
5080
ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุง.
25:29
If it falls down, we all die.
468
1529220
2920
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูุฏูู…ุŒ ุณู†ู…ูˆุช ุฌู…ูŠุนุง.
25:32
BG: So we have, among the audience listening,
469
1532700
2920
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุนุฉ
25:35
Rola from --
470
1535660
1160
ุฑูˆู„ุง ู…ู†- ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒูŽุจูุฑูŽุช ููŠ ู„ุจู†ุงู†-
25:36
I don't know where she's from, she grew up in Lebanon --
471
1536820
2680
25:39
and she said, "I lived the war, I slept on the ground, I breathed fear.
472
1539500
3560
ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ุช โ€ ุนูุดุชู ุงู„ุญุฑุจ. ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุชู†ูุณุช ุงู„ุฎูˆู.
25:43
All the reasons were explained to me that the only remaining learning came
473
1543060
4520
ุชู… ุดุฑุญ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ... ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุณุฎูŠู.
25:47
the war is absurd.
474
1547580
1720
25:50
We talk about strategy, power, budgets, opportunities, technologies.
475
1550060
3520
ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุฑุต ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
25:53
What about human suffering and psychological trauma?"
476
1553580
2840
ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุฉุŸโ€
25:56
Especially, I assume what she's asking is what about, what's going to remain,
477
1556420
4520
ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงุŒ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุชุณุฃู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู‘ุง ุณูŠุชุจู‚ู‰
26:00
in terms of the human suffering
478
1560980
1480
ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ
26:02
and the psychological trauma going forward?
479
1562500
2000
ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŸ
26:04
YNH: Yeah, I mean, these are the seeds of hatred
480
1564500
5320
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู†ูุชุงุฌ ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ุฏ
26:09
and fear and misery
481
1569860
2280
ูˆุงู„ุฎูˆู ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงุณุฉ
26:12
that are being planted right now in the minds and the bodies
482
1572180
5160
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏู…ุบุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงุฏ
26:17
of tens of millions, hundreds of millions of people, really.
483
1577340
2840
ู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†ุŒ ู„ู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
26:20
Because it's not just the people in Ukraine,
484
1580180
2120
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
26:22
it's also in the countries around, all over the world.
485
1582340
2560
ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
26:24
And these seeds will give a terrible harvest,
486
1584900
4640
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุณูˆู ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุตุงุฏ ู…ุฎูŠูุŒ
26:29
terrible fruits in years, in decades to come.
487
1589540
4160
ูุงูƒู‡ุฉ ูุงุณุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
26:33
This is why it's so crucial to stop the war immediately.
488
1593740
5160
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููˆุฑุงู‹.
26:38
Every day this continues, plants more and more of these seeds.
489
1598940
5200
ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุชุฒุฑุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฐูˆุฑ.
26:44
And, you know, like this war now,
490
1604660
3200
ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
26:47
its seeds were, to a large extent,
491
1607860
2000
ุจุฐูˆุฑู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฒูุฑูุนูŽุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ูˆู‚ุฑูˆู†.
26:49
planted decades and even centuries ago.
492
1609900
2520
26:52
That part of the Russian fears that are motivating Putin
493
1612980
6040
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญูุฒ ุจูˆุชู†
26:59
and motivating people around him
494
1619060
2200
ูˆูŠุญูุฒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุญูˆู„ู‡
27:01
is memories of past invasions of Russia,
495
1621260
3760
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุบุฒูˆ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุจุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
27:05
especially, of course, in Second World War.
496
1625020
2360
ุฎุตูˆุตุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
27:07
And of course, it's a terrible mistake
497
1627900
3200
ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบู„ุทุฉ ูุธูŠุนุฉ
27:11
what they are doing with it.
498
1631140
2440
ูุนู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู‡.
27:14
They are recreating again the same things that they should learn to avoid.
499
1634300
5240
ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุงูˆุฏูˆู† ุตู†ุน ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุนู„ู… ุชุฌู†ุจู‡.
27:19
But yes, these are still the terrible fruits
500
1639900
3760
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุซู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ูุงุณุฏุฉ
27:23
of the seeds being planted in the 1940s.
501
1643700
3000
ู„ู„ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†ุงุช.
27:27
BG: It's what in same article you call
502
1647460
2880
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„
27:30
the fact that nations are ultimately built on stories.
503
1650340
3440
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุต.
27:33
So these seeds are the stories we are starting to create now.
504
1653820
3880
ูˆู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฐูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุตู†ุนู‡ุง.
27:37
The war in Ukraine is starting to create the stories
505
1657740
2440
ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุตุต
27:40
that are going to have an impact in the future, that's what you're saying.
506
1660220
3560
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชุชุฑูƒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡.
27:43
YNH: Some of the seeds of this war were planted in the siege of Leningrad.
507
1663820
4320
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุจุนุถ ุจุฐูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุฒุฑุนุช ููŠ ุญุตุงุฑ ู„ูŠู†ูŠู†ุบุฑุงุฏ.
27:49
And now it gives fruit in the siege of Kyiv,
508
1669380
4800
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุชุนุทูŠ ุซู…ุงุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุตุงุฑ ูƒูŠูŠู.
27:54
which may give fruit in 40 or 50 years in more terrible ...
509
1674220
4480
ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุนุทูŠ ุซู…ุงุฑ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ 40 ู„ 50 ุณู†ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณูˆุฃ-
27:58
We need to cut this, we need to stop this.
510
1678740
2040
ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐุง.
28:00
You know, as a historian,
511
1680820
1600
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ูƒู…ุคุฑุฎ
28:02
I feel sometimes ashamed or responsible, I don't know what,
512
1682460
5040
ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง
28:07
about what history, the knowledge of history is doing to people.
513
1687540
4000
ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ุง ุณูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ.
28:11
In recent weeks, I have been watching all the world leaders talking with Putin,
514
1691580
6520
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุดุงู‡ุฏ ูƒู„ ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู† ู…ุน ุจูˆุชู†
28:18
and very often he gave them lectures on history.
515
1698140
2840
ูˆููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ.
28:20
I think that Macron had a discussion with him for five hours,
516
1700980
3880
ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆู† ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ุนู‡ ู„ุฎู…ุณ ุณุงุนุงุช.
28:24
and afterwards, said, โ€œMost of the time he was lecturing me about history.โ€
517
1704900
3760
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงโ€ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ.โ€
28:28
And as a historian, I feel ashamed
518
1708700
3760
ูˆูƒู…ุคุฑุฎุŒ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎุฌู„
28:32
that this is what my profession in some way is doing.
519
1712500
6280
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ู…ู‡ู†ุชูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง.
28:38
I know it for my own country.
520
1718820
1600
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุจู„ุฏูŠ.
28:41
In Israel, we also suffer from too much history.
521
1721020
3520
ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
28:44
I think people should be liberated from the past,
522
1724860
3480
ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
28:48
not constantly repeating it again and again.
523
1728380
3400
ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒุฑุฑูˆู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง.
28:52
You know, everybody should kind of free themselves
524
1732460
3800
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุญุฑุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…
28:56
from the memories of the Second World War.
525
1736300
2320
ู…ู† ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
28:58
It's true of the Russians,
526
1738660
1800
ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู†
29:00
it's also true of the Germans.
527
1740500
1600
ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†.
29:02
You know, I look at Germany now,
528
1742540
1840
ุฃู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
29:04
and what I really want to say, if there are Germans watching us,
529
1744380
3040
ูˆู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุญู‚ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู„ู…ุงู† ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู†ุงุŒ
29:07
what I really want to say to the Germans:
530
1747460
2400
ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุญู‚ุง ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†:
29:09
guys, we know you are not Nazis.
531
1749900
3720
ุดุจุงุจุŒ ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู†ูƒู… ู„ุณุชู… ู†ุงุฒูŠูŠู†.
29:14
You don't need to keep proving it again and again.
532
1754100
3440
ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุฑูˆุง ุจุฅุซุจุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง.
29:17
What we need from Germany now is to stand up and be a leader,
533
1757580
4680
ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุฃู† ุชู‚ู ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุชุตุจุญ ู‚ุงุฆุฏุฉ
29:22
to be at the forefront of the struggle for freedom.
534
1762300
5120
ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุทู„ูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุถุงู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ.
29:27
And sometimes Germans are afraid that if they speak forcefully
535
1767820
4680
ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฎุงุฆููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุชูƒู„ู…ูˆ ุจุนู†ู
29:32
or pick up a gun,
536
1772540
1920
ุฃูˆ ุญู…ู„ูˆ ู…ุณุฏุณุงุŒ
29:34
everybody will say, "Hey, you're Nazis again."
537
1774460
2680
ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุณูŠู‚ูˆู„ โ€œุฃู†ุชุŒ ุฅู†ูƒ ู†ุงุฒูŠ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง.โ€
29:37
No, we won't think that.
538
1777140
1880
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู„ู† ู†ููƒุฑ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
29:39
BG: That's happening right now.
539
1779820
1520
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุขู†.
29:41
I mean, lots of things that were inconceivable just 10 days ago
540
1781380
2960
ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุตูˆุฑู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ 10 ุฃูŠุงู… ูู‚ุท
29:44
have happened in the last few weeks.
541
1784340
1760
ุญุฏุซุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ.
29:46
And one of the most striking, to me in any case,
542
1786140
2240
ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ูุชู‹ุง ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ
29:48
is Germany's reaction and transformation.
543
1788420
2160
ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุง.
29:50
I mean, the new chancellor, Olaf Scholz, the other day announced
544
1790620
3000
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฃุนู„ู† ุฃูˆู„ุงู ุดูˆู„ุชุฒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
29:53
that Germany will send arms to Ukraine,
545
1793620
1880
ุฃู† ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุณูˆู ุชุฑุณู„ ุฌูŠูˆุด ู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
29:55
and will spend an extra 100 billion dollars in building up its army.
546
1795500
3560
ูˆุณุชู†ูู‚ ุฃูƒู‚ุฑ ู…ู† 100 ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุง ุฑ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุฌูŠุดู‡.
29:59
That reverses completely the principles
547
1799100
1960
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูƒุณ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง
30:01
that have guided Germany's foreign policy
548
1801100
2840
30:03
and security politics for decades.
549
1803980
2440
ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ.
30:06
So that shift is happening exactly at this moment and very, very fast.
550
1806460
5440
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ูˆุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
30:12
YNH: Yeah.
551
1812220
1200
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู†ุนู….
30:13
And I think it's a good thing.
552
1813420
2280
ูˆุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุฆุน.
30:16
We need the Germans to ...
553
1816140
2320
ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู† ูƒูŠ
30:18
I mean, they are now the leaders of Europe,
554
1818900
3280
ุงุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุงุŒ
30:22
certainly after Britain left in Brexit.
555
1822220
4000
ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ.
30:26
And we need them to, in a way,
556
1826620
4200
ูˆู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง
30:30
let go of the past and be in the present.
557
1830820
3320
ุฃู† ูŠุชุฑูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูˆูŠุชูˆุงุฌุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ุญุถุฑ.
30:34
If there is really one country in the world
558
1834140
3080
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
30:37
that, as a Jew, as an Israeli, as a historian,
559
1837260
3520
ุฃู†ู‡ ุŒ ูƒูŠู‡ูˆุฏูŠุŒ ูƒ...ุŒ ูƒู…ุคุฑุฎ ุŒ
30:40
that I trust it not to repeat the horrors of Nazism,
560
1840780
3480
ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุซู‚ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ
30:44
that's Germany.
561
1844300
1480
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง.
30:48
BG: Yuval, I want to touch quickly on three things
562
1848060
3160
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ:ู†ูˆูุงู„ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุทุฑุญ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน
30:51
that have to do with the fact that this feels like
563
1851260
3120
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡
30:54
the first truly interconnected war in many ways.
564
1854380
3600
ุฃูˆู„ ุญุฑุจ ู…ุชุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู† ู†ูˆุงุญ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
30:58
The first, of course, is the basics,
565
1858940
1720
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ
31:00
which is, on one side, you have a very ancient war --
566
1860700
2480
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุญุฑุจ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
31:03
we have tanks and we have trenches and we have bombed buildings --
567
1863180
3120
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฏุจุงุจุงุช ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎู†ุงุฏู‚ ูˆู‚ุตูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ -
31:06
and on the other, we have real-time visibility of everything
568
1866300
2840
ูˆู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
31:09
through cell phones and Twitter and TikTok and so on.
569
1869140
2680
ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุชูˆูŠุชุฑ ูˆ TikTok ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
31:11
And you have written a lot about this tension
570
1871860
2120
ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุชุจุช ุนู† ู‡ุฐ ุงู„ุฎุฒู„ุงู†
31:13
between old ways and new tech.
571
1873980
2240
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
31:16
What's the impact here?
572
1876260
1360
ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
31:18
YNH: First of all, we don't know everything that is happening.
573
1878660
2960
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุญุฏุซ.
31:21
I mean, surprisingly, with all this TikTok and phones and everything,
574
1881620
3560
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฏู‡ุดุŒ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง TikTok ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ
31:25
so much is not known.
575
1885220
1760
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑูˆ.
31:27
So the fog of war is still there, and yes,
576
1887340
2960
ุฅุฐุง ุถูุฏุน ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆู†ุนู…
31:30
there is much more information, but information isnโ€™t truth.
577
1890300
3560
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
31:33
Lots of information is disinformation and fake news and so forth.
578
1893860
4280
ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุถู„ู„ุฉ ูˆุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
31:38
And yes, itโ€™s always like this;
579
1898140
1520
ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
31:39
the new and the old, they come together.
580
1899660
3280
ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠุฃุชูŠุงู† ู…ุนุง.
31:42
You know, with all the talk about interconnectedness
581
1902980
2560
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท
31:45
and living in cyberspace and all that,
582
1905580
3160
ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุจุฑุงู†ูŠ ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
31:48
one of the most important technologies not just of this war,
583
1908780
2880
ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุช ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
31:51
but of the last decade or two have been stone walls.
584
1911700
4000
ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠุฉ.
31:55
It's Neolithic.
585
1915700
1200
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ.
31:57
Everybody is now building stone walls
586
1917260
2560
ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุจู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุญุฌุฑูŠุฉ.
31:59
in the era of Facebook and Google and all that.
587
1919860
4960
ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ููŠุณุจูˆูƒ ูˆุฌูˆุฌู„ ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
32:05
So the old and the new, they go together.
588
1925620
2760
ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูŠู†ุฏู…ุฌุงู† ู…ุนุง.
32:09
And it's ...
589
1929180
2280
ูˆุฅู†ู‡-
32:12
It is a new kind of war.
590
1932940
2200
ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ.
32:15
People are sitting at home in California or Australia,
591
1935180
4200
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฌู„ุณูˆู† ุจุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆู†ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ
32:19
and they actively participate in the war,
592
1939420
2720
ูˆู‡ู… ูŠู†ุฎุฑุทูˆู† ุจูุนู‘ุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
32:22
not just by writing tweets,
593
1942180
2520
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฑูŠุฏุงุชุŒ
32:24
but by attacking websites or defending websites.
594
1944740
5400
ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุจู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู†ู‡ู….
32:30
You know, in Spain, in the Civil War,
595
1950660
2680
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ููŠ ุงุณุจุงู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุฉ
32:33
if you wanted to help fight fascism,
596
1953340
2960
ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุจู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉุŒ
32:36
then you had to go to Spain and join the international brigade.
597
1956340
3200
ุงุฐุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุจุงู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุถู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ.
32:39
Now the international brigade is sitting at home in San Francisco
598
1959900
4760
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุณุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณุณูƒูˆ
32:44
and is still in some way part of the war.
599
1964700
2600
ูˆุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุฌุฒุกุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
32:47
So this is definitely new.
600
1967300
2280
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
32:49
BG: So indeed, just two days ago, Ukraine's deputy prime minister, I think,
601
1969900
3520
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู„ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุงุฆุจ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ
32:53
Fedorov, announced via Telegram
602
1973460
1760
ููŠุฏูˆุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃุนู„ู† ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌุฑุงู…
32:55
that he wanted to create a sort of volunteer cyber army.
603
1975260
3440
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุตู†ุน ู…ุง ุดูŠุจู‡ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุนูŠ.
32:58
He invited software developers and hackers
604
1978700
2840
ุฏุนุง ู…ุทูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ูŠู†
33:01
and other people with IT skills
605
1981540
1520
ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐูˆูŠ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุจู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฅูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ.
33:03
to somehow help Ukraine fight on the cyber front.
606
1983060
3200
33:06
And according to โ€œWiredโ€ magazine, in less than two days,
607
1986260
2680
ูˆูƒู…ุง ูˆุฑุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉโ€œูˆูŠูŠุฑุฏโ€ ู‚ุจู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†
33:08
175,000 people signed up.
608
1988980
2440
175,000 ุดุฎุต ุณุฌู„ ุจุงู„ุฌูŠุด.
33:11
So here is a defending nation that can kind of recruit almost overnight,
609
1991780
4960
ุฅุฐู† ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุฏุงูุน ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุฌู†ุฏ ุจูŠู† ุนุดูŠุฉ ูˆุถุญุงู‡ุงุŒ
33:16
175,000 volunteers to go to battle on his behalf.
610
1996740
4320
175,000 ู…ุชุทูˆุน ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู†ูŠุงุจุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง.
33:21
It's a very different kind of war.
611
2001100
2560
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุญุฑุจ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ.
33:24
YNH: Yeah.
612
2004380
1600
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู†ุนู….
33:26
You know, every war brings it surprises.
613
2006300
2960
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ูƒู„ ุญุฑุจ ุชุฌู„ุจ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ูุงุฌุฃุชู‡ุง.
33:29
Sometimes it's how everything is new,
614
2009300
2840
ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุซุฉุŒ
33:32
but sometimes it's also how everything is old.
615
2012180
2520
ูˆุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูุฏูู….
33:36
BG: So a few people in the chat and in the Q and A, have mentioned China,
616
2016420
5640
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ูˆููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุตูŠู†
33:42
which of course, is an important actor here,
617
2022060
2080
ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
33:44
although for now is mostly an observer.
618
2024180
2160
ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูู‚ุท ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจ.
33:46
But China has a stated policy of opposing any act
619
2026380
3480
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ู…ุนู„ู†ุฉ ุชุชู…ุซู„ ููŠ ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„
33:49
that violates territorial integrity.
620
2029900
1720
ูŠู†ู†ุชู‡ูƒ ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ.
33:51
So moving into Ukraine, of course, violates territorial integrity.
621
2031660
4160
ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ูŠู†ุชู‡ูƒ ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ.
33:56
And it also has a huge interest in a stable global economy
622
2036780
3120
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุตู„ุญุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆู†ุธุงู… ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
33:59
and global system.
623
2039900
1360
34:01
But then it needs to square this with the recent closeness with Russia.
624
2041300
4400
ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูˆูู‘ู‚ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‚ุฑุจู‡ุง ู…ุน ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
34:05
Xi Jinping and Putin met in Beijing before the Olympics, for example,
625
2045740
4720
ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุดูŠ ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุบ ูˆุจูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ุจูƒูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
34:10
and kind of had this message of friendship that went out to the world.
626
2050500
4000
ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู….
34:15
How do you read China's position in this conflict?
627
2055140
2680
ูƒูŠู ุชุฑู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุนุŸ
34:19
YNH: I don't know,
628
2059020
1160
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู…
34:20
I mean, I'm not an expert on China,
629
2060220
1840
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ุณุช ุฎุจูŠุฑุง ุจุงู„ุตูŠู†.
34:22
and I certainly can't just ...
630
2062100
3000
ูˆู„ุง ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฃู† ..
34:25
You know, just reading the news won't get you into the mindset,
631
2065100
4720
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ุฃุŒ ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠ ู„ูู‡ู… ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
34:29
into the real opinions and positions of the Chinese leadership.
632
2069860
4440
ูˆุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู†.
34:34
I hope that they take a responsible position.
633
2074700
4000
ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎุฐูˆุง ู…ูˆู‚ู ู…ุณุคูˆู„.
34:39
And act --
634
2079780
2040
ูˆูŠุชุตุฑููˆุง-
34:41
because they are close to Russia,
635
2081860
1840
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ
34:43
they are also close to Ukraine,
636
2083740
1840
ูˆู‚ุฑูŠุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
34:45
but especially because they are close to Russia,
637
2085620
2240
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฎุตูŠุตุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
34:47
they have a lot of influence on Russia,
638
2087900
1880
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
34:49
I hope that they will be the responsible adults
639
2089780
4480
ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู†
34:54
that will put down the flames of this war.
640
2094300
4400
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠุทูุคูˆู† ุดุนู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
34:59
They have a lot to lose
641
2099260
2080
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุฎุณุฑูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุฅู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
35:01
from a breakdown of the global order.
642
2101380
2920
35:05
And I think they have a lot to win from the return of peace,
643
2105260
3880
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูŠูƒุณุจูˆู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุนุงุฏูˆ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ
35:09
including in terms of the gratitude of the international community.
644
2109180
5560
ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู…ุชู†ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ.
35:15
Now, whether they do it or not, this is with them.
645
2115540
2760
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู„ ุณูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู….
35:18
I can't predict, but I hope so.
646
2118340
2160
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุชู†ุจุค ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุขู…ู„.
35:21
BG: You have mentioned before the several European and Western leaders
647
2121220
4600
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑุช ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏูˆู†
35:25
that have gone to Moscow in the weeks before the invasion.
648
2125860
3720
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฐู‡ุจูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุณูƒูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุบุฒูˆ.
35:30
Varun in the chat, asks,
649
2130180
2800
ูŠุณุฃู„ ูุงุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฏุดุฉุŒ
35:32
"Is the Ukraine war a failure of diplomacy?"
650
2132980
2640
โ€œู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุดู„ ุฃู… ุฏูŠุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠุฉุŸโ€
35:35
Could have ...
651
2135660
1160
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†...
35:37
Something different happened?
652
2137980
2040
ุฃุŒ ุญุฏุซ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŸ
35:40
YNH: Oh, you can understand it in two questions.
653
2140060
2600
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ูู‡ู…ู‡ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†.
35:42
Did diplomacy fail to stop the war?
654
2142700
2280
ู‡ู„ ูุดู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŸ
35:45
Absolutely, everybody knows that.
655
2145020
2040
ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง.
35:47
But is it a failure in the sense that a different diplomatic approach,
656
2147100
4640
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูุดู„ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃู† ู†ู‡ุฌ ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
35:51
some kind of other proposition, would have stopped the war?
657
2151740
3360
ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงูุชุฑุงุญ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŸ
35:55
I don't know, but it doesn't seem like it.
658
2155820
2520
ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
35:58
I mean, looking at the events of the last few weeks,
659
2158740
2760
ุงุนู†ูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
36:01
it doesn't seem that Putin was really interested
660
2161500
4360
ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุจูˆุชู† ูƒุงู† ุญู‚ุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ุง
36:05
in a diplomatic solution.
661
2165900
1680
ุจุญู„ ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠ.
36:08
It seemed that he was really interested in the war,
662
2168700
3440
ุจุฏุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ุชู… ุญู‚ุง ุจุงู„ุญุฑุจ
36:12
and I think, again, it goes back to this basic fantasy
663
2172180
3760
ูˆุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ู„ุฎูŠุงู„ู‡
36:15
that if he really was concerned about the security situation of Russia,
664
2175980
5720
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„ู‚ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠ ู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
36:21
then there was no need to immediately invade Ukraine.
665
2181740
3360
ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุบุฒูˆ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
36:25
There was no immediate threat to Russia.
666
2185700
3120
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุฑ ู…ุญุฏู‚ ุจุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
36:28
There was no discussion of right now, Ukraine joining NATO.
667
2188860
4560
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู‚ุงุฆู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ู„ู†ุงุชูˆ.
36:33
There was no invasion army assembling in the Baltic states or in Poland.
668
2193780
6280
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌูŠุด ุบุฒูˆ ูŠุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุทูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏุง.
36:40
Nothing.
669
2200100
1120
ู„ุง ุดูŠุก.
36:42
Putin chose the moment to start this crisis.
670
2202020
2760
ุจูˆุชู† ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ.
36:45
So this is why it doesn't seem
671
2205180
1520
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุงูˆู ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ.
36:46
that it's really about the security concerns.
672
2206740
3240
36:50
It seems more about this very deep fantasy
673
2210300
4520
ุจู„ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฎูŠุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚
36:54
of re-establishing the Russian Empire
674
2214860
3280
ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ
36:58
and of denying the very existence of the Ukrainian nation.
675
2218180
5440
ูˆุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ.
37:04
BG: So you live in the Middle East.
676
2224340
1720
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุงุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุนูŠุด ุจุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท.
37:06
Someone else in the chat asks,
677
2226100
2520
ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฏุดุฉ ูŠุณุฃู„
37:08
"What makes the situation so unique
678
2228620
2720
" ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู ูุฑูŠุฏ
37:11
compared to many other wars that are going on right now in the world?"
679
2231380
3440
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸโ€
37:16
I would say, aside from the nuclear threat from Russia, but what else?
680
2236420
3480
ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูุถู„ุง ุนู† ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุงุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุงูŠุถุงุŸ
37:20
YNH: Several things.
681
2240540
1280
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
37:21
First of all,
682
2241860
1200
ุงูˆู„ุงุŒ
37:23
we have here, again, something we haven't seen since 1945,
683
2243060
3640
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ุดูŠุก ู„ู… ู†ุฑุง ู…ู†ุฐ 1945
37:26
which is a dominant power
684
2246740
3040
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉ
37:29
trying to basically obliterate from the map
685
2249820
3280
ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุงุฌู…ุงู„ุง ู…ุญูˆ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ.
37:33
an independent country.
686
2253140
1680
37:35
You know, when the US invaded Afghanistan
687
2255420
2200
ุชุนู„ู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุบุฒุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู†
37:37
or when the US invaded Iraq,
688
2257620
2000
ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุญุชู„ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚
37:39
you can say a lot of things about it
689
2259660
1760
ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฏู‡ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
37:41
and criticize it in many ways.
690
2261460
1520
37:43
There was no question of the US annexing Iraq
691
2263340
4640
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒ ููŠ ู‚ูŠุงู… ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุจุถู… ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚
37:48
or turning Iraq into the 51st state of the United States.
692
2268020
3600
ุฃูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ 51 ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
37:52
This is what is happening in Ukraine
693
2272220
3520
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
37:55
under this pretext or this disguise,
694
2275740
4560
ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู†ูƒุฑุŒ
38:00
this is what's at stake.
695
2280340
1200
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒ.
38:01
The real aim is to annex Ukraine.
696
2281540
3080
ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุชู„ุงู„ ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
38:04
If this succeeds,
697
2284660
1880
ุงุฐุง ู†ุฌุญูˆุงุŒ
38:06
again, it brings us back to the era of war.
698
2286540
3200
ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ ูŠุนูŠุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
38:09
I was struck by what the Kenyan representative
699
2289780
3000
ูƒู†ุช ู…ุตุฏูˆู…ุง ุจู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูŠ
38:12
to the UN Security Council said when this erupted.
700
2292820
3400
ู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง.
38:16
The Kenyan representative spoke in the name of Kenya
701
2296540
2640
ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุงุณู… ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
38:19
and other African countries.
702
2299220
1640
ูˆุฏูˆู„ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
38:20
And he told the Russians:
703
2300900
1560
ูˆุงุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู†:
38:22
Look, we also are the product of a post-imperial order.
704
2302500
5720
ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑูŠุงู„ูŠุฉ.
38:28
The same way the Soviet empire collapsed into different independent nations,
705
2308260
5080
ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููƒูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุชูŠ ู„ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฉุŒ
38:33
also, African nations came out of the collapse of European empires.
706
2313380
5760
ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู†ุชุฌุช ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑูˆุทูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆุฑุจูŠุฉ.
38:39
And the basic principle of African politics ever since then
707
2319180
5600
ูˆุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู†
38:44
was that no matter what your objections
708
2324820
4800
ูƒุงู† ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุนุชุฑุงุถุงุชูƒ
38:49
to the borders you have inherited,
709
2329620
3800
ู„ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฑุซุชู‡ุงุŒ
38:53
keep the borders.
710
2333460
1160
ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ.
38:54
The borders are sacred
711
2334660
1800
ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏุณุฉ
38:56
because if we start invading neighboring countries because,
712
2336460
4440
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ
39:00
"Hey, this is part of our countries,
713
2340900
2080
ุจุญุฌุฉโ€ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ุชู†ุงุŒ
39:03
these people are part of our nation,"
714
2343020
1800
ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ุชู†ุงุŒโ€
39:04
there will not be an end to it.
715
2344860
1720
ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง.
39:07
And if this now happens in Ukraine,
716
2347940
3120
ูˆุงุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุงุŒ
39:11
it will be a blueprint for copycats all over the world.
717
2351060
5440
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุทุทู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ู‚ู„ุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
39:17
The other thing which is different is that we are talking about superpowers.
718
2357420
5200
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‚ูˆู‰ ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ.
39:22
This is not a war between Israel and Hezbollah.
719
2362660
3320
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุญุฑุจ ุจูŠู† ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ูˆุญุฒุจ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
39:27
This is potentially a war between Russia and NATO.
720
2367500
3440
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑุจ ุจูŠู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุชูˆ.
39:32
And even leaving aside nuclear weapons,
721
2372140
2760
ูˆุญุชู‰ ุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุงู†ุจุงุŒ
39:34
this completely destabilizes the peace of the entire world.
722
2374940
6240
ูŠุฒุนุฒุน ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
39:41
And again, I go back again and again to the budgets.
723
2381220
3680
ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ ุงุนูˆุฏ ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ.
39:45
That if Germany doubles its defense budget,
724
2385940
3400
ุฅุฐุง ุถุงุนูุช ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุงุนุŒ
39:49
if Poland doubles its defense budget,
725
2389380
1960
ุฅุฐุง ุจูˆู„ู†ุฏุง ุถุงุนูุช ู…ูŠุฒู†ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฏูุงุนุŒ
39:51
this will spread to every country in the world,
726
2391340
4440
ุณูˆู ูŠุชู†ุดุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ
39:55
and this is terrible news.
727
2395820
1760
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ุฃุณุงูˆูŠุฉ.
39:58
BG: So Yuval, I'm jumping from topic to topic
728
2398260
2120
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุงุฐุง ูŠูˆูุงู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ุขุฎุฑ
40:00
because I want to use the last few minutes
729
2400420
2000
ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
40:02
to ask a few questions from the audience.
730
2402460
1960
ู„ุฃุณุฃู„ ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ
40:04
A few people are asking about the link to the climate crisis,
731
2404460
4000
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู† ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉุŒ
40:08
particularly when it relates to the energy flows.
732
2408500
2320
ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ.
40:10
Like, Europe is very dependent,
733
2410820
1560
ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ ุงุจุฏุง.
40:12
part of Europe, is very dependent on Russian oil and gas,
734
2412380
3320
ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุท ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
40:15
which is, as far as we know, still flowing until today.
735
2415700
3520
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุŒูƒู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูุŒ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู…ุชุฏูู‚ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
40:19
But could this crisis, in a sort of paradoxical way,
736
2419940
2920
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุชู†ุงู‚ุถุฉ
40:22
a bit like the pandemic, accelerate climate action,
737
2422900
2680
ูƒู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุกุŒ ุฃู† ุชุณุฑุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ
40:25
accelerate renewables and and so on?
738
2425580
2200
ุฃู† ุชุณุฑุน ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŸ
40:28
YNH: This is the hope.
739
2428340
1360
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ู„ู†ุง.
40:29
That Europe now realizes the danger
740
2429740
4800
ุฃู† ุชุฏุฑูƒ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
40:34
and starts a green Manhattan Project
741
2434540
3840
ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู…ุงู†ู‡ุงุชู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ
40:38
that kind of accelerates what already has been happening,
742
2438420
3480
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ูŠุณุฑุน ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุชูˆ
40:41
but accelerates it,
743
2441900
1640
ู„ูƒู† ุชุณุฑูŠุน
40:43
the development of better energy sources,
744
2443580
6120
ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูุถู„
40:49
better energy infrastructure,
745
2449740
2160
ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูŠุฉ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ
40:51
which would release it from its dependence on oil and gas.
746
2451940
3880
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูˆู ูŠุญุฑุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุท.
40:55
And it will actually undercut the dependence of the whole world
747
2455820
4560
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูˆู ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠู‚ุทุน ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃุฌู…ุน
41:00
on oil and gas.
748
2460380
1520
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุธ.
41:01
And this would be the best way to undermine the Putin regime
749
2461900
6520
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ู‰ ู„ุฅุถุนุงู ุญูƒู… ุจูˆุชู†
41:08
and the Putin war machine,
750
2468460
1560
ูˆุขู„ุฉ ุญุฑุจ ุจูˆุชู†.
41:10
because this is what Russia has,
751
2470060
1600
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชู…ู„ูƒู‡ ุฑูˆุณูŠุงุŒ
41:11
oil and gas.
752
2471660
1600
ุงู„ู†ูุท ูˆุงู„ุบุงุฒ.
41:13
That's it.
753
2473300
1160
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
41:14
When was the last time you bought anything made in Russia?
754
2474460
2760
ู…ุชู‰ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุดุชุฑูŠุช ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุตู†ูˆุน ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠุงุŸ
41:17
They have oil and gas,
755
2477860
2000
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุท
41:19
and we know, you know, the curse of oil.
756
2479900
3840
ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู ู„ุนู†ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุท.
41:24
That oil is a source of riches,
757
2484420
2440
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูุท ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ุŒ
41:26
but itโ€™s also very often a support for dictatorships.
758
2486900
4800
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุนู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑูŠุงุช.
41:31
Because to enjoy the benefits of oil,
759
2491700
2480
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุชุน ุจููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู†ูุทุŒ
41:34
you don't need to share it with your citizens.
760
2494220
3560
ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ุชุดุงุฑูƒู‡ ู…ุน ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠูƒ.
41:38
You don't need an open society,
761
2498500
1800
ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ูุชูˆุญุŒ
41:40
you don't need education, you just need to drill.
762
2500340
3280
ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุญูุฑ.
41:43
So we see in many places
763
2503660
1240
ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
41:44
that oil and gas are actually the basis for dictatorships.
764
2504940
3680
ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูุท ูˆุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู‡ู…ุง ุงุณุงุณ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑูŠุงุช.
41:49
If oil and gas, if the price drops,
765
2509380
2800
ุงุฐุง ู‡ุจุทุช ุฃุณุนุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูุท ูˆุงู„ุบุงุฒ
41:52
if they become irrelevant,
766
2512220
1960
ุฅุฐุง ุงุตุจุญูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŒ
41:54
it will not only undercut the finance,
767
2514180
3280
ู„ู† ูŠุฒุนุฒู‡ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ุŒ
41:57
the power of the Russian military machine,
768
2517500
2000
ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉุŒ
41:59
it will also force Russia,
769
2519540
2600
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงูŠุถุง ุณูŠุฌุจุฑ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
42:02
force Putin or the Russians to change their regime.
770
2522180
4320
ูˆุจูˆุชู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠุบูŠุฑูˆุง ุญูƒู…ู‡ู….
42:07
BG: OK, let me bring up a character
771
2527380
4440
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ
42:11
that everybody here in the chat seems to find quite heroic,
772
2531860
4680
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฏุดุฉ ูŠุฌุฏู‡ ุจุทูˆู„ูŠุŒ
42:16
and that's the Ukrainian president.
773
2536540
2560
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
42:19
So Ukraine kind of finds itself
774
2539500
2040
ูˆุฌุฏุช ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง
42:21
with a comedian who turned almost accidental president,
775
2541540
3720
ู…ุน ูƒูˆู…ูŠุฌูŠ ุงุตุจุญ ุจุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ ุฑุฆูŠุณ
42:25
who turned now war president.
776
2545300
2680
ุงุตุจุญ ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุญุฑุจ.
42:28
But he has shown an impressive conduct in the last few weeks,
777
2548900
4680
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุณู„ูˆูƒู‹ุง ู…ุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฅุนุฌุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
42:33
especially in the last few days,
778
2553620
1560
ุฎุตูˆุตุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
42:35
which can be summarized in that response he gave to the US
779
2555180
2760
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
42:37
when they offered to kind of exfiltrate him
780
2557940
2000
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุนุฑุถูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑุดูŠุญ
42:39
so he could lead a government in exile,
781
2559980
1880
ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ูู‰ุŒ
42:41
he said, "I need ammunition. I don't need a ride."
782
2561860
2360
ูู‚ุงู„ โ€œุงุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐุฎูŠุฑุฉ. ู„ุง ุงุญุชุงุฌ ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ.โ€
42:44
How would you look at President Zelenskyy?
783
2564260
2440
ูƒูŠู ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุฒูŠู„ูŠู†ุณูƒูŠุŸ
42:47
YNH: His conduct has indeed been admirable,
784
2567460
3000
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ ูƒุงู† ุจุญู‚ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงุนุฌุงุจ
42:50
and he gives courage and inspiration not just to the Ukrainian people,
785
2570500
5120
ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุจุซ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู„ู‡ุงู… ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
42:55
but I think to everybody around the world.
786
2575660
2800
ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
42:58
I think to a large extent
787
2578460
2440
ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
43:00
the swift and united reaction of Europe
788
2580940
4880
ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุญุฏ ู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง
43:05
with the sanctions and sending arms and so forth,
789
2585820
2760
ุจุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ูˆุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุด ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ
43:08
to a large extent, this is also to the credit of Zelenskyy.
790
2588620
3080
ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูุถู„ ุฒูŠู„ูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ.
43:12
That, you know,
791
2592260
1200
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑูุŒ
43:13
when politicians are also human beings.
792
2593500
3600
ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูˆู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุดุฑ.
43:17
And his direct appeal to them,
793
2597820
3440
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ุฏุงุก ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
43:21
and you know, they met him many times in person
794
2601300
4120
ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงุจู„ูˆู‡ ุดุฎุตูŠุง ู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
43:25
and to see where he is now
795
2605420
2440
ู„ุชูู‚ู‘ุฏ ุฃูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏู‚ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุจู‡ุŒ ุจู„ ุจุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง.
43:27
and the threat that not only him, but his family is also in.
796
2607900
3960
43:31
And you know, they talk with him,
797
2611860
2440
ูˆุชุนุฑู ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒู„ู…ูˆ ู…ุนู‡ุŒ
43:34
and he says, and they know, that this may be the last time they speak.
798
2614340
3440
ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆ ูŠุนุฑููˆู†ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ู…ุนู‡.
43:37
He may be dead, murdered or bombed in an hour or in a day.
799
2617780
4560
ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุชุงุŒ ุจุงู„ู‚ุชู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชูุฌูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู….
43:42
It really changes something.
800
2622900
2520
ุฅู†ู‡ ุญู‚ุง ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุดูŠุฆุง.
43:46
So in this sense, I think he made a huge personal contribution,
801
2626060
6040
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ุŒ ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏูŽู‘ู… ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
43:52
to not just the reaction in Ukraine, but around the world.
802
2632140
3720
ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
43:55
BG: So Sam, whoโ€™s listening, asked this question:
803
2635860
2640
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุงุฐุง ุณุงู…ุŒ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุนูŠู† ุณุฃู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„:
43:58
"Can you provide some historical context
804
2638540
1920
" ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุณูŠุงู‚ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠ
44:00
for the force and the meaning of economic and trade sanctions
805
2640460
4160
ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
44:04
at the level where they are currently imposed.
806
2644660
2440
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ูุฑุถู‡ุง ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง.
44:07
How have previous would-be empires, would-be aggressors, or aggressors,
807
2647460
5040
ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฏูˆู†ุŒ
44:12
been constrained by such isolations and such sanctions?"
808
2652540
3960
ู…ู„ุฒู…ุฉ ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุฒู„ุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุชุŸโ€
44:17
YNH: You know, what we need, again, to realize about Putin's Russia
809
2657980
3920
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒู‡ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ุนู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุจูˆุชู†
44:21
is that it's not the Soviet Union.
810
2661900
2120
ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุชูŠ.
44:24
It's a much smaller and weaker country.
811
2664900
3440
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุฃุถุนู ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
44:28
It's not like in the 1960s,
812
2668740
2480
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงู„ุณุชูŠู†ุงุช
44:31
that in addition to the Soviet Union,
813
2671260
1760
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุชูŠุŒ
44:33
you had the entire Soviet bloc around it.
814
2673060
2480
ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠุฉ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู‡.
44:36
So it's easier in this sense to isolate it.
815
2676580
4640
ู„ุฐุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนุฒู„ู‡.
44:41
It's much more vulnerable.
816
2681620
1720
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุทุฑ.
44:44
Again, does it mean that sanctions would work like a miracle
817
2684100
3440
ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ุณุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ
44:47
and stop the tanks? No.
818
2687540
1720
ูˆุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฏุจุงุจุงุชุŸ ู„ุง.
44:49
It takes time.
819
2689300
1720
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐ ูˆู‚ุช.
44:52
But I think that the West is in a position
820
2692100
6720
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน
44:58
to impact Russia
821
2698860
2880
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง
45:01
with these kinds of sanctions and isolation much more
822
2701780
3840
ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุนุฒุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
45:05
than, let's say, with the Soviet Union.
823
2705660
2440
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุชูŠ.
45:08
And also the Russian people are different.
824
2708100
2280
ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆู† ุฃูู†ุงุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ููˆู†.
45:11
The Russian people don't really want this war,
825
2711140
2520
ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
45:13
even the people in the immediate circle around Putin.
826
2713660
3760
ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุจูˆุชูŠู†.
45:17
You know, again,
827
2717860
1400
ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุŒ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงุŒ
45:19
I don't know them personally, from what it seems,
828
2719300
2960
ู„ุง ุงุนุฑูู‡ู… ุดุฎุตูŠุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ
45:22
it's that these people, they like life.
829
2722300
2440
ุฃู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
45:25
They have their yachts and they have their private airplanes
830
2725140
4000
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูŠุฎูˆุช ูˆุทุงุฆุฑุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ
45:29
and they have their house in London
831
2729180
1680
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠูˆุชู‡ู… ููŠ ู„ู†ุฏู†
45:30
and they have their chateau in France.
832
2730900
2200
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุตูˆุฑู‡ู… ููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง.
45:33
And they like the good life,
833
2733100
2000
ูˆูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ
45:35
and they want to keep enjoying it.
834
2735100
2280
ูˆูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุชุงุน ุจู‡ุง.
45:38
So I think that the sanctions can be really effective.
835
2738220
6480
ู„ุฐุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช ุญู‚ุง ูุนู‘ุงู„ุฉ.
45:45
What's the timetable?
836
2745740
3040
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุŸ
45:49
That's ultimately in the hands of Putin.
837
2749220
2640
ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ููŠ ูŠุฏ ุจูˆุชูŠู†.
45:52
BG: So Gabriella asks: โ€œI remember the war in former Yugoslavia
838
2752980
4320
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุณุฃู„ ุบุงุจุฑูŠูŠู„ุง โ€œุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠ ูŠูˆุบูˆุณู„ุงููŠุง ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
45:57
and the atrocities there.
839
2757300
1840
ูˆุงู„ูุธุงุฆุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
45:59
Is there any possibility that this war would escalate into such a situation?"
840
2759180
4520
ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุชุชูุงู‚ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸโ€
46:04
I think an extension to that is:
841
2764620
2840
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ:
46:07
Is this war kind of stirring dormant conflicts
842
2767500
2320
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุชุญุฑูƒ ู†ุฒุงุนุงุช ู‡ุงู…ุฏุฉ
46:09
like in the Balkans, for example,
843
2769820
1600
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ู‚ุงู†
46:11
or in the former Central Asian republic?
844
2771460
2240
ุฃู… ููŠ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุขุณูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŸ
46:14
YNH: Unfortunately, it can get to that level and even worse.
845
2774180
4480
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏ ูˆุงุณูˆุก ุญุชู‰.
46:18
If you want an analogy, go to Syria.
846
2778700
2320
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุชุดุจูŠู‡ุŒ ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง.
46:22
You look at what happened in Homs.
847
2782460
3040
ุฃู†ุช ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุญู…ุต.
46:25
At what happened in Aleppo.
848
2785940
2160
ููŠู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุญู„ุจ.
46:28
And this was done by Putin and his airplanes
849
2788140
6120
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ุจูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุทุงุฆุฑุงุชู‡
46:34
and his minions in Syria.
850
2794300
1720
ูˆุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ ููŠ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง.
46:36
It's the same person behind it.
851
2796660
2360
ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฎู„ู ู‡ุฐุง.
46:39
And to think that, "No, no, no, this happened in the Middle East.
852
2799020
3080
ูˆุงุฐุง ููƒุฑุช โ€ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท. ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง.โ€
46:42
It can't happen in Europe."
853
2802140
1520
46:43
No.
854
2803660
1240
ู„ุง.
46:44
We could see Kyiv in the same situation as Homs,
855
2804940
4280
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃุŒ ู†ุฑู‰ ูƒูŠูŠู ุจู†ูุณ ุญู„ู‡ ุญู…ุตุŒ
46:49
as the same situation as Aleppo,
856
2809220
2040
ุจู†ูุณ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญู„ุจุŒ
46:51
which would be catastrophic,
857
2811300
2360
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงุฑุซูŠุŒ
46:53
and, again, would plant terrible seeds of hatred
858
2813700
3520
ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฒุฑุน ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ุฏ
46:57
for years and decades.
859
2817260
1400
ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆุนู‚ูˆุฏ.
46:58
So far, we've seen hundreds of people being killed,
860
2818700
3360
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู‚ุชู„ูˆุง
47:02
Ukrainian citizens being killed.
861
2822100
2440
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ูˆุง.
47:04
It could reach tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands.
862
2824540
2760
ู‚ุฏ ูŠุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุฑุงุช ูˆู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู.
47:07
So in this sense, it's extremely painful to contemplate.
863
2827980
5720
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ู… ุญู‚ุง ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง.
47:14
And this is why we need again and again
864
2834420
2440
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง ูˆู…ุฌุฏุฏุง
47:16
to urge the leaders to stop this war,
865
2836860
5080
ุฃู† ู†ุญุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
47:21
and especially, again and again,
866
2841940
2720
ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุงุŒ ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง
47:24
tell Putin,
867
2844700
1680
ุงุฎุจุงุฑ ุจูˆุชู†ุŒ
47:26
"You will not be able to absorb Ukraine into Russia.
868
2846420
3600
" ู„ู… ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุถู… ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
47:30
They don't want it, they don't want you.
869
2850020
2880
ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ูƒ.
47:33
If you continue,
870
2853500
1600
ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชู…ุฑุฑุช ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ
47:35
the only thing you will achieve is to create terrible hatred
871
2855140
6320
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุชุญู‚ู‚ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ู‚ ุญู‚ุฏ ูุธูŠุน
47:41
between Ukrainians and Russians for generations.
872
2861460
3120
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠูŠู† ู„ุงุฌูŠุงู„.
47:44
It doesn't have to be like that."
873
2864620
1800
ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.โ€
47:47
BG: Yuval, let me finish with one question about your county.
874
2867100
3080
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ูŠูˆูุงู„ุŒ ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุคุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู† ุจู„ุฏูƒ.
47:50
You are in Israel.
875
2870780
1680
ุฅู†ูƒ ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†.
47:52
Israel has close ties with both Russia and Ukraine.
876
2872460
2960
ุฃู†ู‡ุช ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุชู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูˆุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
47:55
It's actually home of many Russian-born and many Ukrainian-born Jews.
877
2875740
4600
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุทู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
48:00
How is the country reacting to this conflict,
878
2880380
2120
ูƒูŠู ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุŒ
48:02
I'm talking about the government, but also about the population?
879
2882500
3040
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ุŸ
48:06
YNH: Actually, I'm not the best person to ask.
880
2886020
2720
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ู„ุชุณุฃู„.
48:08
I've been so, kind of, following what's happening around the world,
881
2888740
3240
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชุงุจุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
48:12
I didn't pay so much attention to what is happening right here.
882
2892020
4160
ู„ู… ุฃุนูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง.
48:16
And even though I live here,
883
2896180
1360
ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุงุนูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
48:17
I'm not an expert on Israeli society or Israeli politics.
884
2897580
3360
ู„ุณุช ุฎุจูŠุฑุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุตู‡ูŠูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุณูŠุงุณุชู‡.
48:20
Definitely, the sentiment in the street, in the social media is with Ukraine.
885
2900980
4040
ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุนุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุนุŒ ููŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ู…ุน ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
48:25
You see Ukrainian flags,
886
2905740
1640
ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
48:27
you see on social media people putting Ukrainian flags
887
2907420
4320
ุชุฑู‰ ุงุดุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูˆุดู„ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูŠุถุนูˆู† ุงุนู„ุงู… ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
48:31
on their accounts.
888
2911780
2160
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจุงุชู‡ู….
48:33
And another thing, so many people in Israel,
889
2913940
2840
ูˆุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑูŠู† ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ุŒ
48:36
they came from the former Soviet Union.
890
2916820
2400
ุฌุงุกูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚.
48:39
And until now,
891
2919580
1600
ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
48:41
everybody was simply known as Russians.
892
2921220
2600
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑูˆุณ.
48:44
You know, even if you came from Azerbaijan or you came from Bukhara,
893
2924180
4320
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌุฆุช ู…ู† ุฃุฐุฑุจูŠุฌุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฃุชูŠุช ู…ู† ุจุฎุงุฑู‰
48:48
you were a Russian.
894
2928540
1200
ูƒู†ุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุฑูˆุณูŠ.
48:50
And suddenly, "No, no, no, no, no.
895
2930460
1680
ูˆูุฌุฃุฉ โ€ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง.
48:52
I'm not Russian.
896
2932140
1160
ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
48:53
I'm Ukrainian."
897
2933340
1480
ุฃู†ุง ุงูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠ.โ€
48:55
And again, these seeds of hatred that Putin is planting,
898
2935420
5520
ูˆู…ุฌุฏุงุฏุง ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุจูˆุชู†
49:00
it's reaching also here.
899
2940940
2640
ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง.
49:03
That suddenly people are saying no, Russian, Ukrainian,
900
2943940
3760
ูุฌุฃุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุงุŒ ุฑูˆุณูŠุŒ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุŒ
49:07
until a very short time ago, it's the same thing.
901
2947740
2800
ุญุชู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
49:10
No, it's not the same thing.
902
2950540
1600
ู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู†ูุณู‡.
49:13
So the shock waves are spreading.
903
2953740
2960
ู„ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุชุชู†ุดุชุฑ.
49:18
BG: Yuval, thank you for taking the time and being with us today
904
2958060
3040
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ู†ูˆู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ุฅุนุทุงุฆู†ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
49:21
and sharing your knowledge and your views on the situation.
905
2961100
2800
ูˆู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุชูƒ ูˆู†ุธุฑุชูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู.
49:23
Thank you very much.
906
2963900
1200
ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง.
49:25
YNH: Thank you and I hope for peace quickly.
907
2965140
2560
ู†ูˆูุงู„: ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ ูˆุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ.
49:28
BG: We all do. Thank you.
908
2968460
1600
ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆ: ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ู†ุฃู…ู„. ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ.
49:30
[Get access to thought-provoking events you won't want to miss.]
909
2970820
3000
[ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ู„ู† ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชููˆุชูƒ.]
49:33
[Become a TED Member at ted.com/membership]
910
2973820
2640
[ูƒู† ุนุถูˆู‹ุง ููŠ TED ููŠ ted.com/membership]
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7