The world doesn't need more nuclear weapons | Erika Gregory

84,782 views ใƒป 2017-01-25

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mohammed dz ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: lujain Sami
00:12
Let me ask you all a question.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุทุฑุญ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุณุคุงู„ุงู‹.
00:16
How much weapons-grade nuclear material do you think it would take
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ููŠ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏูƒู…ุŒ ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ
ู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุญุฌู… ุณุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณูŠุณูƒูˆุŸ
00:20
to level a city the size of San Francisco?
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00:23
How many of you think it would be an amount
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ูƒู… ู…ู†ูƒู… ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู†
00:25
about the size of this suitcase?
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุจุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉุŸ
00:29
OK. And how about this minibus?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงูู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŸ
00:34
All right.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
00:35
Well actually, under the right circumstances,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
00:38
an amount of highly enriched uranium about the size of your morning latte
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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุตูŠุจ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุจุญุฌู… ูƒูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ
00:43
would be enough to kill 100,000 people
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงููŠุงู‹ ู„ู‚ุชู„ 100,000
00:46
instantly.
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ููˆุฑุงู‹.
00:48
Hundreds of thousands of others would become horribly ill,
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ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุณูˆู ูŠู…ุฑุถูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ู…ูุฎูŠูุŒ
00:52
and parts of the city would be uninhabitable for years,
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ูˆ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุณูˆู ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุณูƒู† ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
00:55
if not for decades.
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ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ.
00:57
But you can forget that nuclear latte,
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ุงู†ุณูˆุง ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุŒ
01:00
because today's nuclear weapons are hundreds of times more powerful
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช
01:06
even than those we dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงูู„ู‚ูŠุช ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุดูŠู…ุง ูˆู†ุงุบุงุฒุงูƒูŠ.
01:10
And even a limited nuclear war involving, say, tens of nuclear weapons,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุญุฑุจ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุชุดู…ู„ุŒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุนุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
01:16
could lead to the end of all life on the planet.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ
01:21
So it's really important that you know
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ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู
01:24
that right now we have over 15,000 nuclear weapons
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† 15.000 ุณู„ุงุญ ู†ูˆูˆูŠ
ููŠ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุชุณุน ุฏูˆู„.
01:30
in the hands of nine nations.
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01:32
And if you live in a city or near a military facility,
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ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุดุฃุฉ ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ
01:36
one is likely pointed right at you.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู† ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ.
01:40
In fact, if you live in any of the rural areas
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ
01:43
where nuclear weapons are stored globally,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
01:45
one is likely pointed at you.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ุฅุญุฏุงู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ.
01:48
About 1,800 of these weapons are on high alert,
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1,800 ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุฃู‡ุจ ู‚ุตูˆู‰ุŒ
01:52
which means they can be launched within 15 minutes
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ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูุทู„ู‚ ุฎู„ุงู„ 15 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
01:56
of a presidential command.
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ุจุนุฏ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุฆุงุณูŠ.
02:00
So I know this is a bummer of an issue,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉุŒ
02:03
and maybe you have that -- what was it? -- psychic fatigue
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฐู„ูƒ -- ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุŸ -- ุงู„ุชุนุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠ
02:06
that we heard about a little bit earlier.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู…ุนู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹.
02:08
So I'm going to switch gears for just a second,
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ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
ูˆุณูˆู ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชูŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
02:11
and I'm going to talk about my imaginary friend,
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02:13
who I like to think of as Jasmine,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุงุฏูŠู‡ุง (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†)ุŒ
02:16
just for a moment.
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ู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูู‚ุท.
02:17
Jasmine, at the age of 25,
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(ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†) ุจุนู…ุฑ 25 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
02:20
is part of a generation that is more politically and socially engaged
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ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ุชุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
02:24
than anything we've seen in 50 years.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ 50 ุนุงู…ุงู‹.
ู‡ูŠ ูˆุตุฏูŠู‚ุงุชู‡ุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…
02:27
She and her friends think of themselves
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02:28
as change agents and leaders and activists.
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ูƒุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูˆู‚ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู†ุดุทุงุก.
02:32
I think of them as Generation Possible.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ุจุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฌูŠู„ "ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†."
02:36
They regularly protest about the issues they care about,
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุฌูˆู† ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‡ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
02:39
but nuclear weapons are not one of them, which makes sense,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฃุญุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุŒ
02:42
because Jasmine was born in 1991, at the end of the Cold War.
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ู„ุฃู† (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†) ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู… 1991ุŒ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ.
ู„ุฐุง ู„ู… ุชู†ุดุฃ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
02:47
So she didn't grow up hearing a lot about nuclear weapons.
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02:50
She never had to duck and cover under her desk at school.
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ูˆ ู„ู… ุชุถุทุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุก ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงุก ุชุญุช ู…ู‚ุนุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
02:53
For Jasmine, a fallout shelter is an app in the Android store.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†ุŒ "ู…ู„ุฌุฃ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ" ู‡ูˆ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ููŠ ู…ุชุฌุฑ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ.
ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ.
02:58
Nuclear weapons help win games.
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03:00
And that is really a shame,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุคุณู ุญู‚ุงู‹.
03:03
because right now, we need Generation Possible
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌูŠู„ "ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†"
03:06
to help us make some really important decisions about nuclear weapons.
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ู…ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
03:11
For instance, will we further reduce our nuclear arsenals globally,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุณุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
ุฃูˆ ู†ู†ูู‚ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†ุŒ
03:18
or will we spend billions,
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03:20
maybe a trillion dollars,
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุจู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุชุŒ
03:23
to modernize them so they last throughout the 21st century,
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ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซู‡ุง ู„ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู†ุŒ
03:26
so that by the time Jasmine is my age, she's talking to her children
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†) ุจุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ ุณุชุชุญุฏุซ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ุง
03:29
and maybe even her grandchildren
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุฃุญูุงุฏู‡ุง
03:31
about the threat of nuclear holocaust?
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ุญูˆู„ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŸ
ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุชูˆู„ูŠ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ
03:35
And if you're paying any attention at all to cyberthreats,
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ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุนู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ "ุณุชูƒุณู†ุช"
03:38
or, for instance, if you've read about the Stuxnet virus
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ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุญุณุงุจ ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญุณุงุจ "ูŠุงู‡ูˆ"
03:42
or, for God's sake, if you've ever had an email account or a Yahoo account
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03:45
or a phone hacked,
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ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุงุชู ุฌูˆุงู„ ุชู… ุฅุฎุชุฑุงู‚ู‡ุŒ
03:47
you can imagine the whole new world of hurt that could be triggered
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชูˆู„ุฏ
ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ.
03:52
by modernization in a period of cyberwarfare.
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03:55
Now, if you're paying attention to the money,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชูˆู„ูŠ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ
03:58
a trillion dollars could go a long way
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ุชุฑูŠู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ุทุน ุดูˆุทุงู‹ ุทูˆูŠู„ุงู‹
04:01
to feeding and educating and employing people,
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ููŠ ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง.
04:04
all of which could reduce the threat of nuclear war to begin with.
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04:08
So --
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ --
04:09
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
04:12
This is really crucial right now,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
04:15
because nuclear weapons -- they're vulnerable.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ -- ู…ูุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุทุฑ.
04:19
We have solid evidence
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุฏุงู…ุบุฉ
04:20
that terrorists are trying to get ahold of them.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงุจูŠูŠู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุฅู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ.
04:24
Just this last spring,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ
04:25
when four retirees and two taxi drivers were arrested
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุณุงุฆู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑุฉุŒ
04:30
in the Republic of Georgia
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ููŠ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฌูˆุฑุฌูŠุง
04:32
for trying to sell nuclear materials for 200 million dollars,
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ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุน ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ 200 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ
04:35
they demonstrated that the black market for this stuff is alive and well.
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ูˆ ุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก.
ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
04:40
And it's really important,
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04:41
because there have been dozens of accidents
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ
04:45
involving nuclear weapons,
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ุชูˆุฑุทุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
04:46
and I bet most of us have never heard anything about them.
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ูˆ ุฃุฑุงู‡ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ูุนุธู…ู†ุง ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุนูˆุง ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุนู†ู‡ุง.
04:49
Just here in the United States,
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ูู‚ุท ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
ุฃู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒุงุฑูˆู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุฑุชูŠู†.
04:51
we've dropped nuclear weapons on the Carolinas twice.
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04:55
In one case, one of the bombs,
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ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจู„ุŒ
04:57
which fell out of an Air Force plane,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงูู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ู† ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุณู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŒ
04:59
didn't detonate
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ู„ู… ุชู†ูุฌุฑ
05:00
because the nuclear core was stored somewhere else on the plane.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุชู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ.
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุจู„ุฉ ุงู†ูุฌุฑุช ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
05:04
In another case, the weapon did arm when it hit the ground,
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ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุงุชูŠุญ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑุŒ ูุดู„ุช
05:08
and five of the switches designed to keep it from detonating failed.
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05:12
Luckily, the sixth one didn't.
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ูˆ ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูุดู„ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ.
05:15
But if that's not enough to get your attention,
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ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงููŠุงู‹ ู„ู„ูุช ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ูƒู…ุŒ
05:18
there was the 1995 Black Brant incident.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฏุซุฉ "ุจู„ุงูƒ ุจุฑุงู†ุช" ููŠ ุนุงู… 1995.
05:22
That's when Russian radar technicians saw
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดู ูู†ูŠ ุฑุงุฏุงุฑ ุฑูˆุณูŠ
05:24
what they thought was a US nuclear missile
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ู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑูˆุฎ ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
05:27
streaking towards Russian airspace.
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ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ.
ูˆ ุชุจูŠู† ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑูˆุฎ ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌูŠ
05:30
It later turned out to be a Norwegian rocket
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05:32
collecting data about the northern lights.
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ูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุถูˆุงุก ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ.
05:35
But at that time,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
05:36
Russian President Boris Yeltsin came within five minutes
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ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠ (ุจูˆุฑูŠุณ ูŠู„ุชุณูŠู†) ู‚ุจู„ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚
05:40
of launching a full-scale retaliatory nuclear attack
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ู…ู† ุดู† ู‡ุฌูˆู… ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู…ูŠ
05:44
against the United States.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
05:48
So, most of the world's nuclear nations
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
05:52
have committed to getting rid of these weapons of mass destruction.
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ุชุนุงู‡ุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„.
05:57
But consider this:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฎุฐ ููŠ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ:
05:59
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
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ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
06:03
which is the most widely adopted arms control treaty in history
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุนุชู…ุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน ูƒุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
06:06
with 190 signatories,
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ู…ุน 190 ุชูˆู‚ูŠุนุŒ
06:09
sets no specific date by which the world's nuclear-armed nations
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ู„ู… ุชุญุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุนุฏุงู‹ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ู†ูˆูˆูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
06:14
will get rid of their nuclear weapons.
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ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ุญุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
06:17
Now, when John F. Kennedy sent a man to the moon
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฑุณู„ (ุฌูˆู† ู. ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠ) ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฑ
06:20
and decided to bring him back, or decided to do both those things,
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ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ
06:23
he didn't say, "Hey, whenever you guys get to it."
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ู„ู… ูŠู‚ู„ุŒ "ูŠุง ุฑุฌุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ."
06:26
He gave us a deadline.
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ุจู„ ู‚ุงู… ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุนุฏ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ.
06:28
He gave us a challenge
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ู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุงู‹
06:30
that would have been incredible just a few years earlier.
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ูƒุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ููŠ ุจุถุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ.
ูˆ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุŒ
06:34
And with that challenge,
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06:35
he inspired scientists and marketers,
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ุฃู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆู…ุณูˆู‘ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ
06:38
astronauts and schoolteachers.
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ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูุถุงุก ูˆุฃุณุงุชุฐุฉ.
ูˆู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ.
06:41
He gave us a vision.
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06:43
But along with that vision,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉุŒ
06:45
he also tried to give us -- and most people don't know this, either --
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ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู… ูŠู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู„ู‡ --
06:49
he tried to give us a partner
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ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ู†ุง ุดุฑูŠูƒุงู‹
06:51
in the form of our fiercest Cold War rival, the Soviet Union.
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ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงูุณู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุฑุณ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ.
06:56
Because part of Kennedy's vision for the Apollo program
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ู„ุฃู† ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ (ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠ) ู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฃุจูˆู„ูˆ
ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุนุงูˆู†ุงู‹ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุงุช.
07:00
was that it be a cooperation, not a competition, with the Soviets.
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07:03
And apparently, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Premier, agreed.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆุŒ ูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุงุชูŠ (ู†ูŠูƒูŠุชุง ุฎุฑูˆุชุดูˆู).
ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†ุŒ
07:08
But before that cooperation could be realized,
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07:11
Kennedy was assassinated,
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ุงุบุชูŠู„ (ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠ)ุŒ
ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุฑ ุชุฃุฌูŠู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ.
07:13
and that part of the vision was deferred.
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07:16
But the promise of joint innovation between these two nuclear superpowers
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ู„ูƒู† ูˆุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุชูŠู†
07:21
wasn't totally extinguished.
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ู„ู… ูŠุฎู…ุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹.
07:24
Because in 1991, which is the year that Jasmine was born
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1991ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆู„ุฏุช ููŠู‡ (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†)
07:28
and the Soviet Union fell,
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ูˆุณู‚ุท ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุงุชูŠุŒ
07:30
these two nations engaged in a project
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ุงุดุชุฑูƒุช ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
07:33
that genuinely does seem incredible today
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ
ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ
07:36
in the truest sense of that word,
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07:38
which is that the US sent cash to the Russians when they needed it most,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู†ู‚ูˆุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฑูˆุณ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ
07:43
to secure loose nuclear materials
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ู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆุจุฉ
07:46
and to employ out-of-work nuclear scientists.
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ูˆุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงุทู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
07:49
They worked alongside American scientists to convert weapons-grade uranium
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ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฌู†ุจุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑูƒูŠูŠู† ู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ูŠูˆุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
07:56
into the type of fuel that can be used for nuclear power instead.
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08:00
They called it, "Megatons to Megawatts."
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ูˆุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ุŒ "ู…ูŠุฌุงุทู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฌุงูˆุงุท".
08:04
So the result is that for over 20 years,
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ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 20 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ
08:07
our two nations had a program
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ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
08:10
that meant that one in 10 lightbulbs in the United States
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† 10 ู…ุตุงุจูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
ุชู…ุช ุชุบุฐูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ.
08:14
was essentially fueled by former Russian warheads.
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08:19
So, together these two nations did something truly audacious.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุนู„ุช ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุฌุฑูŠุฆุงู‹ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ุนุงู‹.
08:23
But the good news is, the global community has the chance
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุฑ ู‡ูˆุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูุฑุตุฉ
08:27
to do something just as audacious today.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุดู‰ุก ุฌุฑูŠุก ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
08:32
To get rid of nuclear weapons
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ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
08:35
and to end the supply of the materials required to produce them,
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ูˆุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุงุŒ
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ 30 ุนุงู…ุงู‹.
08:40
some experts tell me would take 30 years.
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08:43
It would take a renaissance of sorts,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ู†ู‡ุถุฉู‹ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ุงุŒ
08:45
the kinds of innovation that, for better or worse,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ุฅู…ุง ู„ู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณูˆุกุŒ
08:48
underpinned both the Manhattan Project, which gave rise to nuclear weapons,
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ูˆ ุฏุนู… ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู…ุงู†ู‡ุงุชู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน "ู…ูŠุบุงุทู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุบุงูˆุงุท".
08:52
and the Megatons to Megawatts program.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน.
08:55
It would take design constraints.
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08:57
These are fundamental to creativity,
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนุŒ
09:00
things like a platform for international collaboration;
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ู…ุซู„ ู…ู†ุตุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุŒ
09:04
a date certain, which is a forcing mechanism;
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ู…ูู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ุŒ
09:08
and a positive vision that inspires action.
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ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
09:12
It would take us to 2045.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุณูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2045.
09:16
Now, 2045 happens to be the 100th anniversary
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ 2045 ุณูŠุตุงุฏู ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ
09:20
of the birth of nuclear weapons in the New Mexico desert.
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ู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตุญุฑุงุก ู†ูŠูˆ-ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒูˆ.
09:25
But it's also an important date for another reason.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู‡ุงู… ู„ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ.
09:28
It's predicted to be the advent of the singularity,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌูŠุก ุงู„ุชูุฑุฏุŒ
ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉุŒ
09:33
a new moment in human development,
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09:35
where the lines between artificial intelligence and human intelligence blur,
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุฎุชููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุŒ
ุญูŠุซ ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุนูŠุŒ
09:41
where computing and consciousness become almost indistinguishable
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09:45
and advanced technologies help us solve the 21st century's greatest problems:
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ูˆุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู„ ุฃุนุธู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุญุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†:
09:51
hunger, energy, poverty,
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ุงู„ุฌูˆุน ูˆุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑ
ูˆุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ูˆูุฑุฉ.
09:54
ushering in an era of abundance.
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09:58
And we all get to go to space
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ูˆู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
09:59
on our way to becoming a multi-planetary species.
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ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ู„ู†ุตุจุญ ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงูƒุจ.
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‡ู… ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„
10:04
Now, the people who really believe this vision are the first to say
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10:07
they don't yet know precisely how we're going to get there.
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ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ูƒูŠู ุณู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
10:11
But the values behind their vision
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ูˆุฑุงุก ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ู…
10:14
and the willingness to ask "How might we?"
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุบุจุฉ ููŠ ุทุฑุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ "ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุงุŸ"
10:17
have inspired a generation of innovators.
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ู‚ุฏ ุฃู„ู‡ู…ุช ุฌูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุนูŠู†.
10:20
They're working backward from the outcomes they want,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ
10:24
using the creative problem-solving methods of collaborative design.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠ.
10:28
They're busting through obstacles.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ุนู‚ุจุงุช.
10:30
They're redefining what we all consider possible.
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ูˆูŠุนูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุนุฑูŠู ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุงู‹.
10:35
But here's the thing:
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…:
10:37
that vision of abundance isn't compatible
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆูุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆุงูู‚ุฉ
10:41
with a world that still relies on a 20th-century nuclear doctrine
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ู…ุน ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ู„ู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุถุน ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‰ "ุถู…ุงู† ุงู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ."
10:48
called "mutually assured destruction."
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10:52
It has to be about building the foundations for the 22nd century.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูˆู„ ุจู†ุงุก ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†.
10:58
It has to be about strategies for mutually assured prosperity
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูˆู„ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุถู…ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
11:04
or, at the very least, mutually assured survival.
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ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุŒ ุถู…ุงู† ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ.
ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฃู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุจุฃู†ุงุณ ุฃุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… ุฑูˆุงุฏู‹ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู†
11:09
Now, every day, I get to meet people who are real pioneers
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11:14
in the field of nuclear threats.
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ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
11:16
As you can see, many of them are young women,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู†ุณุงุก ุดุงุจุงุชุŒ
11:19
and they're doing fiercely interesting stuff,
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ูˆูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฃุดูŠุงุกู‹ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุดุฑุงุณุฉุŒ
11:22
like Mareena Robinson Snowden here, who is developing new ways,
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ู…ุซู„ (ู…ุงุฑูŠู†ุง ุฑูˆุจู†ุณูˆู† ุณู†ูˆุฏู†)ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทูˆู‘ุฑุช ุทูุฑู‚ุงู‹ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
ุทูุฑู‚ุงู‹ ุฃูุถู„ุŒ ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
11:27
better ways, to detect nuclear warheads,
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11:29
which will help us overcome a critical hurdle
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูˆู ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู‚ุจุฉ ุญุงุณู…ุฉ
11:31
to international disarmament.
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ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุน ุณู„ุงุญ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
11:33
Or Melissa Hanham, who is using satellite imaging
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ุฃูˆ (ู…ูŠู„ูŠุณุง ู‡ู†ู‡ุงู…)ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
11:36
to make sense of what's going on around far-flung nuclear sites.
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ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ.
11:41
Or we have Beatrice Fihn in Europe,
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ุฃูˆ (ุจูŠุงุชุฑูŠุณ ููŠู†) ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุงุŒ
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูุฏูŠุฑ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ
11:44
who has been campaigning to make nuclear weapons illegal
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11:48
in international courts of law,
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ููŠ ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ
ูˆุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู†ุชุตุงุฑุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
11:50
and just won a big victory at the UN last week.
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:53
(Applause)
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11:56
And yet,
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ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
11:57
and yet,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
11:59
with all of our talk in this culture about moon shots,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุนู† ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉุŒ
12:03
too few members of Generation Possible and those of us who mentor them
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ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‘ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑุดุฏูˆู†ู‡ู…
12:07
are taking on nuclear weapons.
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ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ูŠุฑูƒุฒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
12:10
It's as if there's a taboo.
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ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู…ุงุช.
12:13
But I remember something Kennedy said that has really stuck with me,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ (ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠ) ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจู‚ูŠ ุนุงู„ู‚ุง ุนุงู„ู‚ุงู‹ ููŠ ุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ
12:18
and that is something to the effect
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
12:20
that humans can be as big as the solutions
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„
12:22
to all the problems we've created.
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ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง.
12:24
No problem of human destiny, he said,
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ู‚ุงู„: "ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
12:27
is beyond human beings.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ."
12:31
I believe that.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
12:33
And I bet a lot of you here believe that, too.
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ูˆ ุฃุฑุงู‡ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
12:36
And I know Generation Possible believes it.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
12:40
So it's time to commit to a date.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุนุฏ.
12:45
Let's end the nuclear weapons chapter
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูู†ู‡ูŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
12:48
on the 100th anniversary of its inception.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุชุฃุณูŠุณู‡ุง.
ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2045ุŒ ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุงุชุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฑู‡ุงุฆู†
12:53
After all, by 2045, we will have held billions of people hostage
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12:57
to the threat of nuclear annihilation.
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ุจุณุจุจ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฃู† 100 ุณู†ุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุงููŠุฉ.
13:00
Surely, 100 years will have been enough.
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13:03
Surely, a century of economic development
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุฑู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ
13:07
and the development of military strategy
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ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ
13:10
will have given us better ways to manage global conflict.
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ุณูŠู…ุฏู†ุง ุจุทุฑู‚ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
13:14
Surely, if ever there was a global moon shot worth supporting,
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฑ ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุฏุนู…ุŒ
13:19
this is it.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ.
13:21
Now, in the face of real threats --
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ --
13:24
for instance, North Korea's recent nuclear weapons tests,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
13:27
which fly in the face of sanctions --
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจุงุช --
13:29
reasonable people disagree
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ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุง ูŠุชูู‚ูˆู†
ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุญุชูุธ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ
13:32
about whether we should maintain some number of nuclear weapons
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ู„ุฑุฏุน ุงู„ุนุฏูˆุงู†.
13:36
to deter aggression.
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13:38
But the question is: What's the magic number?
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ: ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุณุญุฑูŠุŸ
13:42
Is it a thousand?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู„ูุŸ
ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฆุฉุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉุŸ
13:44
Is it a hundred? Ten?
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13:47
And then we have to ask:
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ุซู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณุฃู„:
13:49
Who should be responsible for them?
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ู…ู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุงู‹ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชูู‚ุŒ
13:52
I think we can agree, however,
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13:53
that having 15,000 of them represents a greater global threat
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ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ 15,000 ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠู…ุซู„ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹
13:57
to Jasmine's generation than a promise.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠู„ (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†) ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุนุฏุงู‹.
14:01
So it's time we make a promise
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆุนุฏุงู‹
14:04
of a world in which we've broken the stranglehold
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ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุณุฑู†ุง ู‚ุจุถุชู‡
ุจุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูŠุงู„ู†ุงุŒ
14:07
that nuclear weapons have on our imaginations;
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14:10
in which we invest in the creative solutions
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ู†ุณุชุซู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉ
14:13
that come from working backward from the future we desperately want,
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ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุนู‰ ู„ู‡ ุจุดุฏุฉุŒ
ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจุฎุทูˆุงุช ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑ
14:17
rather than plodding forward from a present
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14:19
that brings all of the mental models and biases of the past with it.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุญูŠุฒุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ู…ุนู‡.
14:24
It's time we pledge our resources as leaders across the spectrum
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏู†ุง ูƒู‚ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
14:29
to work on this old problem in new ways,
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ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
ูˆ ู†ุชุณุงุฆู„: "ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุงุŸ"
14:33
to ask, "How might we?"
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ููŠ ุจูˆุนุฏู†ุง
14:36
How might we make good on a promise
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14:38
of greater security for Jasmine's generation
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ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ู„ุฌูŠู„ (ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู†)
14:41
in a world beyond nuclear weapons?
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ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุฎุงู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŸ
ูˆุขู…ู„ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุชู†ุถู…ูˆุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง.
14:46
I truly hope you will join us.
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14:49
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู‹ ู„ูƒู….
14:50
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
14:54
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹.
14:55
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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