Could you survive the real Twilight Zone? - Philip Renaud and Kenneth Kostel

583,225 views ・ 2021-05-25

TED-Ed


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譯者: Claire Hsu 審譯者: Amanda Zhu
00:08
You're traveling deep beneath the ocean's surface,
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你正遨遊於海洋的深處,
00:11
where faint lights flicker and toothy grins flash.
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那裡搖曳著微弱的光線, 露齒的奸笑不時閃過眼前。
00:14
You are now entering... the Twilight Zone.
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你現在進到了海洋的 「陰陽魔界」──中水層。
00:18
Your mission is to survive these depths
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你的任務是在這個深度生存,
00:20
and journey to the surface after sundown to feed.
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並在日落之後游到表面覓食。
00:24
You may now pick your player.
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現在,你可以選擇玩家角色。
00:26
Just kidding— you don’t have a choice.
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開玩笑的──你沒有選擇。
00:28
You’re a hatchetfish.
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你是一隻星光魚。
00:30
And almost everything else is trying to eat you.
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而幾乎所有的生物都想吃掉你。
00:34
The tools at your disposal are a uniquely shaped body,
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你用來對治的工具是形狀獨特的身體、
00:37
shiny scales, and glowing spots on your belly.
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閃亮的魚鱗,以及你肚子上 發亮的斑紋。
00:40
You’re going to need a lot of skill and a little luck.
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你會需要很多技巧和一點運氣。
00:44
Your first challenge is to begin your upwards trek.
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你的第一個挑戰是開始往上跋涉。
00:47
Your swim bladder allows you to precisely control your buoyancy.
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你的浮鰾讓你得以精準地控制沉浮。
00:51
Come nightfall, you slowly fill it up,
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夜晚來臨,你慢慢給浮鰾充氣,
00:54
becoming less dense and rising towards the surface.
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使你的身體比重變小、往水面上升。
00:57
You can’t swim fast, but your narrow build makes you maneuverable.
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你游不快,但是狹窄的體型 使你更加靈活。
01:02
This is especially important since predators could spring out of the darkness
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這點尤其重要, 因為掠食者隨時會在黑暗中
01:06
at any moment.
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突然出現。
01:08
In fact, a fangtooth is gliding beneath you.
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事實上,有隻狼牙魚正在你底下掠過。
01:11
It has the ocean’s biggest tooth-to-body size ratio.
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這種魚有海洋動物中 佔身體比例最大的牙齒。
01:15
Food is hard to come by in the Twilight Zone,
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在中水層裡,食物很難取得,
01:18
so predators have fearsome adaptations to make every attack count.
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所以掠食者演化出嚇人的特徵, 讓每一次出擊都不白費。
01:23
The fangtooth’s skin is ultra-black:
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狼牙魚皮很黑,
01:26
it reflects less than 0.5% of the light that hits it,
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顏色深到受光照時, 只反射不到 0.5% 的光,
01:30
making this fish particularly hard to spot.
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讓這種魚特別難被看到。
01:34
Fortunately, the bioluminescent organs lining your belly are regulated
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幸好,你可以調節肚子上 會發出生物光的器官,
01:38
to match the intensity and pattern of the faint light from the ocean’s surface.
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以模擬來自海洋表層 微弱光線的強度與規律。
01:43
This counter-illumination disguises your silhouette.
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這種消光機制可以隱藏你的輪廓。
01:47
So when the fangtooth gazes upwards, you’re almost invisible.
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所以當狼牙魚往上注視, 你幾乎是隱形的。
01:52
A bright spot appears in the distance.
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遠處出現一個亮點。
01:54
You go to check it out, but something’s looming in the darkness.
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你上前查看,但有東西 自黑暗逐漸逼近。
01:57
The light is a bioluminescent lure belonging to an anglerfish.
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這道光是鮟鱇魚會發光的誘餌。
02:02
You dart away before it quickly opens its jaws,
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你在他迅速張開大嘴前就迅速遠離,
02:05
sucking in a hapless fish that got too close.
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有隻魚游得太近,不幸被大口吞下。
02:08
Another narrow escape, but you’re nearly there.
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又一次死裡逃生,但是你就快到了。
02:11
Although more than 90% of deep-sea creatures are bioluminescent,
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雖然超過 90% 的深海生物會發光,
02:15
only one group produces the color red: dragonfishes.
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但只有其中一種可以發出 紅色的光,即是巨口魚。
02:19
One of them is near.
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不遠處就有一隻。
02:21
Because red light is quickly absorbed by seawater,
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因為紅光很快就會被海水吸收,
02:24
most deep-sea inhabitants can’t see it.
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許多棲息深海的動物看不見紅光。
02:27
The dragonfish emits red light from organs by its eyes,
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巨口魚從眼睛周邊的器官發出紅光,
02:31
using an invisible headlight to locate unsuspecting prey
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使用這道隱形的頭燈尋找 毫無防備的獵物,
02:35
that its scoops into its cavernous jaw.
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並將其一口吞入寬大的虎口裡。
02:38
You can’t see your enemy,
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你看不見你的敵人,
02:39
but your silvery, mirror-like scales scatter and soften direct light,
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但是你銀亮如鏡的魚鱗 分散減弱直射的光線,
02:44
keeping you hidden.
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把你藏的很好。
02:46
After three close calls, you reach... the Photic Zone.
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三次僥倖脫險後,你抵達了透光層。
02:50
You’ve just participated in the world’s largest migration.
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你剛才就參與了世界上 最盛大的洄游現象。
02:53
It takes place every night as trillions of organisms rise from the ocean’s depths
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這現象每晚都會發生, 幾兆的生物從海洋深處湧升,
02:58
to enjoy the surface’s rich resources under the cover of darkness.
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在黑暗的掩護之下 享受表層的豐富資源。
03:02
The payoff is huge.
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旅程的回報十分豐厚。
03:04
Here, your light-sensitive eyes take in a buffet of small crustaceans
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這裡,你那雙對光敏感的眼睛 看到的是充滿小型浮游生物
03:09
and gelatinous zooplankton.
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和膠狀浮游生物的大餐。
03:11
During the day, phytoplankton use sunlight to turn dissolved carbon dioxide
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浮游植物在白天期間利用陽光 將溶解的二氧化碳轉變為能量,
03:16
into energy and build their own cells.
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並用來建造自己體內的細胞。
03:19
They become food for small grazers, forming the base of the food web,
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它們成為小型刮食動物的食物來源, 形成食物網的底層,
03:24
which extends back down to the Twilight Zone— and beyond.
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食物網隨著深度延伸至 中水層,甚至更遠。
03:28
Organic matter generated up here— like bits of skin, poop, and dead animals—
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有機物質在這裡產生, 像是皮屑、排泄物、屍體的碎屑,
03:34
eventually sinks or is transported in the stomachs of animals
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這些物質最終會下沉, 或是在動物從每晚的迴游
03:37
returning from their nightly migrations.
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回來之後,被吃下肚。
03:40
These materials then feed the creatures below that don't migrate.
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這些材料接著餵養底下 不會迴游的生物。
03:44
This ensures that some of the carbon from the atmosphere
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這些確保大氣層中部份的碳
03:47
is locked away in the ocean for hundreds of years to come.
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被鎖在海洋中數百年。
03:51
That's why this process is known as the biological carbon pump.
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這就是為何這過程被稱作生物碳幫浦。
03:56
Without it, there’d be much more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,
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如果沒有生物碳幫浦, 大氣層會存在非常多二氧化碳,
03:59
where it contributes to climate change.
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並造成氣候變遷。
04:02
Your avatar, the hatchetfish, is part of this crucial process.
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你的角色,星光魚,也是 這關鍵過程的一份子。
04:06
Your first quest is complete,
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你已完成第一項任務,
04:08
but you must repeat this journey every night for the rest of your life.
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但你必須在「魚生」中的每晚 都進行這趟旅程。
04:13
As the sun rises, the surface becomes dangerous,
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太陽升起,表層變得危險,
04:16
and you descend back into the shadows of the Twilight Zone.
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而你回歸沒入中水層的陰影之中。
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