A day in the life of a teenage samurai - Constantine N. Vaporis

1,434,117 views ・ 2020-06-22

TED-Ed


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翻译人员: Ethan Huang 校对人员: Wanting Zhong
00:06
It’s just after sunrise, and 16-year-old Mori Banshirô
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太阳才刚升起, 16 岁的森伴四郎(Mori Banshirô)
00:11
is already hard at work practicing drills with his long sword.
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就已经在用武士刀 刻苦地练习招式了。
00:16
Banshirô is an ambitious samurai in training,
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伴四郎是一名雄心勃勃的见习武士,
00:19
and today he must impress his teachers more than ever.
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今天他必须给老师们 留下前所未有的出色印象。
00:22
Today he’ll make his request to travel to the capital city of Edo
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因为今天他将会请求前往首府江户,
00:28
for a year of martial and scholarly studies,
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进行为期一年的武术和文化修行,
00:32
and he needs their support, along with his father’s.
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而他需要老师们以及父亲的支持。
00:37
The year is 1800 in the castle town of Kôchi,
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这一年是 1800 年, 地点是高知城,
00:41
capital of the Tosa domain in Japan.
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日本土佐藩的藩厅(首府)。
00:44
The daimyo rules the domain, and about 1,500 samurai retainers serve him.
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藩地由大名(诸侯)管辖, 其手下有约 1500 名武士家臣效力。
00:53
For 200 years, Japan has been at peace,
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日本已维持了 200 年的和平,
00:56
and the samurai, once primarily warriors, now play a much wider range of roles—
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曾经以征战沙场为生的武士, 如今则扮演了更加广泛的角色——
01:02
they are also government officials,
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他们也担任幕府官员、
01:04
scholars,
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学者、
01:06
teachers,
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教师,
01:08
and even masters of the tea ceremony
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甚至是茶道大师
01:11
or artists.
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或是艺术家。
01:13
To prepare for these diverse responsibilities,
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为了履行这些不同的职责,
01:17
young samurai like Banshirô study the “twin paths”
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像伴四郎这样的年轻武士 会进行 “文武两道” 的修行,
01:21
of literary learning and the martial arts.
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不仅要修炼武学,也要研习文艺。
01:24
At 15, he went through the rites of adulthood and received the daishô—
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在 15 岁时,他行过元服之礼, 获赠了被称作 “大小” 的——
01:29
a pair of swords.
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一对佩刀。
01:31
The long sword is for training and combat,
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长刀用于训练与战斗,
01:34
while the short sword has a sole, solemn purpose—
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短刀则有着唯一的庄严目的——
01:38
to commit ritual suicide, or seppuku,
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如果他使自己、家人或大名蒙羞的话,
01:42
if he dishonors himself, his family, or the daimyo.
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就要用短刀切腹自尽。
01:46
Banshirô idolizes the legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi,
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伴四郎十分崇拜 活跃于 150 年前的著名剑术家,
传奇武士宫本武藏 (Miyamoto Musashi)。
01:53
a renowned swordsman who lived 150 years earlier.
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01:57
But Banshirô doesn’t admire his swordsmanship alone.
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令伴四郎钦佩的不止是他的剑法。
02:02
Miyamoto Musashi was also a master calligrapher and painter.
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宫本武藏同时也是 一名书法和绘画大师。
02:07
That’s the real reason Banshirô wants to go to Edo—
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这也是伴四郎 想前往江户的真正原因——
02:11
he secretly wants to be a painter, too.
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他暗中也想成为一名画家。
02:15
After finishing his practice at home, he bids his father goodbye
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在结束了家中的锻炼后, 他向父亲道别,
02:20
and walks to school.
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走去了学校。
02:22
His father is preparing to accompany the daimyo to the capital.
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他的父亲正在为陪同大名 前往首府做准备。
02:25
The Tokugawa shogun, head of the Japanese military government,
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日本武家政府的 最高领导者徳川将军
02:29
requires all the regional rulers to alternate years
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要求所有地区的领主 轮流往返领地与首府执行政务,
02:32
between their castle town in the home domain and the capital city.
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进行 “参勤交代”。
02:37
The costly treks back and forth keep the daimyo subordinate
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成本高昂的来回跋涉 能使大名保持服从,
02:41
and prevent them from building up their own military forces
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并阻止他们累积军事力量
02:45
to challenge the shogunate.
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对幕府进行谋反。
02:47
The daimyo’s wife and children live in the capital full time,
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大名的妻子和孩子 会在江户长期居住,
02:51
where they serve as hostages to ensure his loyalty.
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作为幕府的人质, 确保大名的忠诚。
02:55
But the practice doesn’t just affect the daimyo—
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但是这样的制度 不仅会影响到大名——
02:58
it determines much of the rhythm of life in Japan.
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也决定了日本多数人的生活节奏。
03:02
Samurai must accompany the daimyo to Edo.
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武士必须跟随大名前往江户。
03:05
This year it’s Banshirô’s father’s turn to go,
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这一年轮到伴四郎的父亲陪同参勤,
03:09
and Banshirô is desperate to go with him;
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伴四郎渴望与他同行;
03:12
but given that he’s still in training, he’ll need permission
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但是鉴于他仍在见习,
他需要得到父亲和领地双方的许可。
03:15
from both his father and the domain.
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03:18
At school, Banshirô’s first lesson is in swordfighting.
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在学校,伴四郎的第一堂课是剑术。
03:22
Under his teacher’s stern eye, he pairs up with his classmates
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在老师严厉的目光下, 他与同学们结对
03:27
and goes through the routines he’s been practicing.
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演练他一直在练习的整套招式。
03:30
At the end of the lesson, he reminds the instructor of his request to go to Edo.
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课程结束时,他再次向导师 提起了前往江户的请求。
03:35
The instructor cracks his first smile of the day,
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导师当天首次展颜微笑,
03:38
and Banshirô feels confident he will gain his support.
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伴四郎相信自己将得到他的支持。
03:42
Next, Banshirô practices archery, horsemanship, and swimming
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接下来,在他下午的学术课程之前,
伴四郎还练习了 射箭、骑马以及游泳。
03:47
before his academic courses in the afternoon.
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03:51
Courses cover Confucian philosophy, morality, and history.
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下午的学术课程包括 儒家哲学、伦理和历史。
03:56
When the instructor calls on him, he has the response on the tip of his tongue,
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当导师点到他时, 他早已酝酿好了答案,
04:01
ensuring another supporter for his campaign.
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这为他的旅程赢得了另一位支持者。
04:04
By the end of the day, Banshirô feels confident that his formal request
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一日将尽,伴四郎很自信 自己的正式申请会得到批准,
04:09
will be approved, but the greatest challenge is still ahead of him:
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但最大的挑战仍在前方:
04:13
convincing his father.
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说服他的父亲。
04:15
His father believes the martial arts are more important than the literary arts,
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他父亲认为武道比文道更加重要,
04:20
so Banshirô doesn’t mention his artistic ambitions.
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因此伴四郎没有提及他的艺术追求,
04:24
Instead, he talks about renowned sword instructors he can train with,
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而是谈到了自己 能有机会师从知名的剑术家,
04:29
and teaching certifications he can earn to improve his professional prospects
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还可以考取教学资格证书, 让他返回高知时有更好的
04:33
back in Kôchi.
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职业前景。
04:35
Then, he makes his final, strongest argument:
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然后,他提出了 最后也是最有力的论点:
04:38
if he goes this time and succeeds, his father can retire and send him instead
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如果他这次同去且万事顺利, 父亲就可以退休,
未来能派遣他跟随大名参勤。
04:44
in the future.
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04:46
It’s this last point that finally sells him—
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正是最后这一点说服了他父亲。
04:49
Banshirô’s father agrees to take him on his tour of duty.
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伴四郎的父亲同意 在勤务之旅中带上伴四郎。
04:54
In the bustle of the capital city, Banshirô will finally have the opportunity
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在首府的喧嚣中, 伴四郎终于能有机会
04:58
to pursue his secret ambition to become a painter.
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去追求他心底想成为画家的理想。
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