Rethinking thinking - Trevor Maber

重思‘思考’ - Trevor Maber

Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

翻译人员: Minji Seo 校对人员: Sherry Chen

Imagine a microscopic-sized ladder contained in the part of our brain

想象一下我们我们大脑里头装载的一个微型梯子， 我们一般叫它潜意识，

that we'll label our subconscious.

The Ladder of Inference,

推论的梯子作为这模式的基础 首先是由哈佛大学教授

which was first proposed by Harvard professor Chris Argyris,

is the basis of this model.

克里斯 · 阿奇利斯（Chris Argyris）所提出的。

每次我们与某人互动往来

Every time we interact with someone,

that experience enters the ladder at the bottom.

我们的经验进入阶梯的底部，

That same experience zips up the ladder in the blink of an eye,

这经历在瞬间跃上梯子

exiting at the top.

一路爬到梯子顶端

This process happens thousands of times a day

without us knowing it.

在我们不知不觉中，这件事每天要发生几千次

Let's focus on what happens on each rung of the ladder.

现在让我们看看爬梯时都发生了什么

On the first rung, we have the raw data and observations of our experience.

在第一层，我们透过经验和观察得来原始'数据'

This is very similar to what someone watching a video recording

就像有人看我们的经验录制而成的影片

of our experience would see.

Moving up to the second rung,

到了第二层

we filter in specific information and details from our experience.

我们从我们的经验中'筛选'特定数据和细节，

We unknowingly filter based on our preferences, tendencies,

在不知情的情况下根据我们的偏好、倾向

and many other aspects that we believe are important.

还有其它我们相信重要的事来筛选它们

On to the third rung.

到了第三层，

We assign meaning to the information we have filtered through.

我们为那些已通过筛选的数据'赋予意义'

This is where we start to interpret what our information is telling us.

就是从这里开始，我们诠释那些数据的内容

On our fourth rung, a very crucial thing happens.

对到了第四层，一个非常关键的事发生了，

We develop assumptions

我们开始基于前一阶段所创造的意义'做出假设'

based on the meaning we created on the previous rung,

and we start to blur the distinction between what is fact and what is story.

同时，我们开始混淆事实和故事之间的分际

On the fifth rung,

到了第五层，我们基于我们的假设'得出结论'

we develop conclusions based on our assumptions.

This is also where our emotional reactions are created.

这一阶段也是我们创造情绪反应的地方，

On the sixth rung,

在第六层，我们'调整'了我们对我们周遭世界的想法，

we adjust our beliefs about the world around us,

including the person or people involved

包括那参与我们经验的个人或群众，

in our experience of the moment.

On the seventh and final rung,

到了第七层，也就是最后一层，

we take action based on our adjusted beliefs.

我们基于我们调整后的想法'采取行动'

Still with me? Great!

跟上我的思路了吗？很好！

Let's take a real-life example

让我们用一个真实的例子快速爬一遍这梯子， 看看这一切如何运作的

and run it up the ladder to see how this all works.

Have you ever been cut off in a parking lot, signal light on

你曾经在停车场上被强占车位吗？ 当你的指示灯亮起，

as you steer toward your coveted spot,

正朝着准备停车的车格驶入， 然后在最后一刻猛踩刹车，

only to slam on your brakes at the last minute

as someone pulls in front of you and steals your spot away?

因为有人在你面前横切进来偷走你等待的车位？

Imagine that experience and notice all of the data

想象一下这个经验，注意到所有观察数据 将进入你梯子的第一层

and observations landing on the first rung of your ladder.

Now let's watch what we pay attention to on the second rung.

现在让我们看看在第二层梯子，我们关注些什么

Who cares that it's sunny out and the birds are chirping?

谁在乎阳光明媚，鸟儿鸣叫？

The 50% off sign outside of your favorite store is meaningless.

你最喜欢的商店打出的五折广告都是没有意义的

You filter in the sensation of your grip tightening on the wheel,

你选择专注于握在方向盘上紧握的局促感，

you feel your blood pressure rise,

你感到你的血压飙升，

you hear the squeal of your brakes,

你听到你的刹车的尖刺声，

and you notice the expression on the face of the other driver

你也注意到另外一位驾驶的神情， 当他硬是插进你等待的停车位前， 快速把头转过去，

as he pulls in front of you and quickly looks away.

Time for our third rung.

于是我们来到第三层

Ever since you were young,

从你还年轻的时候，你父母教你排队的重要性，

your parents taught you the importance of waiting in line

and taking your turn.

You live and die by the rule of first come, first served.

你深信先来后到的道理，

And now this guy has just stolen your spot.

现在这家伙竟然偷了你的停车位。这是怎么回事？

What gives?

Up to the fourth rung we go.

我们来到第四层

Watch closely as our assumptions take over

请注意，这时我们的种种假设接管了这一层， 我们开始编造故事

and our story creates itself.

"That stupid jerk, didn't his parents teach him anything?

“那个愚蠢的笨蛋，他爸妈什么都没教他吗？

How could he not see my signal light?

他怎么可能没有看到我打的灯？他一定从来都没用心！

He must never pay attention!

Why does he think he's more important than anyone else?"

为何他觉得自己比任何人还重要？”

Jumping quickly to the fifth rung,

快速跳转到第五层，

we conclude that this guy is heartless, inconsiderate,

我们得出结论，这家伙无情、 不可理喻， 他需要有人来给他一个小教训，

he needs to be taught a lesson and put in his place.

We feel angry, frustrated, vindictive, justified.

我们感到愤怒、 沮丧、 想要报复、并且拥有正当理由

On our sixth rung,

到了我们的第六层，基于我们的经验调整看法，

we adjust our beliefs based on the experience.

"That's the last time I give in!

“这是我最后一次让步 ！下一次要是有人试图插队，

Next time someone tries to cut me off,

tires will be smoking on the pavement

我会呼啸而过，并且放开嗓子大骂，让他难堪。”

as I squeal past them into my spot."

And finally our last rung: we take action.

接着我们来到最后一层： 我们采取行动，

We back up, pull up behind his car,

我们倒车，停在他车后， 按喇叭，摇下车窗， 嚷嚷几句话大声抗议

honk our horn, and roll down our window

to scream a few choice words as well.

Now imagine,

现在想象一下，那人快速走来，道歉

he walks over quickly, apologizing.

His wife, who's almost due with their first baby,

他的妻子，似乎快要生了他们第一个宝宝， 在商场里头叫他赶过来

called him from inside the mall to say she is in labor

她说她感到阵痛，需要立刻去医院

and needs to get to the hospital immediately.

We're momentarily shocked, apologize profusely,

我们立即感到惊讶，连声道歉， 在他跑去找入口处时祝他好运

and wish him luck as he rushes toward the entrance.

What just happened here?

刚刚发生什么事情？什么改变了？这为何值得注意呢？

What changed? Why is this so significant?

In our parking lot example,

在我们停车场的例子中，

our beliefs were short-circuited by the ladder of the other individual.

我们的想法被梯子中的个人因素所左右，

"My wife is in labor, I need to get there quick,

“我太太在阵痛中，我需要快点赶过去，

there's a parking spot. Whew!

有一个停车位。呼！

Oh, jeez, I cut someone off.

哦，糟了，我插队了。我得快点道歉， 不然他们会认为我是个混蛋。”

I'd better apologize quickly so they don't think I'm a jerk."

But what if we were able to short-circuit our ladders ourselves?

但如果我们能自己左右我们自己的梯子呢？

Proactively, by choice?

动用选择权？

Guess what? We can!

猜猜看？是的，我们可以！

Let's return to our unique human function of free will.

让我们回想人类独特的自由意志功能

Next time you notice yourself reacting to your experience,

下一次你发现你作出根据自己经验的反应，

pay focused attention to your ladder.

注意一下你的梯子

Ask yourself what beliefs are at play,

问问自己，什么样的想法在发挥作用，它们从哪里来

where do they come from?

What data and observations did you filter in

你选择了基于哪些数据和观察结果 产生有这个看法，为什么？

as a result of your beliefs,

and why?

Are your assumptions valid and supported by facts?

你的假设有效吗？它们是以事实为根据的吗？

Would a different set of assumptions create different feelings,

一套不同的假设会创造不同的感受 并导致新的、更好的结论和行动吗？

and result in new and better conclusions and actions?

We all have our own unique ladder.

我们都有自己独特的梯子

Be mindful of yours,

请留意你的推论之梯，并也帮助其他人看到他们自己的

and help others to see theirs.