Rethinking thinking - Trevor Maber

990,032 views ใƒป 2012-10-15

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Mark Freehoff
00:14
Imagine a microscopic-sized ladder contained in the part of our brain
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืกื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื• ืชืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•.
00:18
that we'll label our subconscious.
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00:20
The Ladder of Inference,
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ืกื•ืœื ื”ื”ืกืงื”, ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืืจื•ื•ืจื“ ื›ืจื™ืก ืืจื’ื™ื™ืจื™ืก,
00:21
which was first proposed by Harvard professor Chris Argyris,
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00:25
is the basis of this model.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
00:28
Every time we interact with someone,
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00:30
that experience enters the ladder at the bottom.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืกื•ืœื .
00:32
That same experience zips up the ladder in the blink of an eye,
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ืื•ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื˜ืกื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฆืžื•ืฅ ื”ืขื™ืŸ,
00:36
exiting at the top.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
00:38
This process happens thousands of times a day
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
00:41
without us knowing it.
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00:43
Let's focus on what happens on each rung of the ladder.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืœื.
00:47
On the first rung, we have the raw data and observations of our experience.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
00:51
This is very similar to what someone watching a video recording
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืจืื”.
00:54
of our experience would see.
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00:57
Moving up to the second rung,
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ื›ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™
00:58
we filter in specific information and details from our experience.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:02
We unknowingly filter based on our preferences, tendencies,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
01:06
and many other aspects that we believe are important.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
01:10
On to the third rung.
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ื”ืœืื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
01:11
We assign meaning to the information we have filtered through.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืกื™ื ื ื•.
01:14
This is where we start to interpret what our information is telling us.
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ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•.
01:18
On our fourth rung, a very crucial thing happens.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื”.
01:22
We develop assumptions
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื,
01:23
based on the meaning we created on the previous rung,
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01:26
and we start to blur the distinction between what is fact and what is story.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:31
On the fifth rung,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:32
we develop conclusions based on our assumptions.
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01:36
This is also where our emotional reactions are created.
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ืคื” ื’ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช.
01:40
On the sixth rung,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•,
01:41
we adjust our beliefs about the world around us,
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01:44
including the person or people involved
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข.
01:46
in our experience of the moment.
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01:48
On the seventh and final rung,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
01:50
we take action based on our adjusted beliefs.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:53
Still with me? Great!
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื™? ืžืขื•ืœื”!
01:55
Let's take a real-life example
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืจื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
01:56
and run it up the ladder to see how this all works.
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02:00
Have you ever been cut off in a parking lot, signal light on
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื—ืชื›ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื—ื ื™ื™ื”, ื›ืฉืคื ืก ื”ืื™ืชื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืง
02:03
as you steer toward your coveted spot,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉืงืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืคื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจืงืก ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
02:06
only to slam on your brakes at the last minute
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02:08
as someone pulls in front of you and steals your spot away?
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื•ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื?
02:12
Imagine that experience and notice all of the data
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื—ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืœื.
02:14
and observations landing on the first rung of your ladder.
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02:18
Now let's watch what we pay attention to on the second rung.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžื” ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:21
Who cares that it's sunny out and the birds are chirping?
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ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช ืฉืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืช?
02:24
The 50% off sign outside of your favorite store is meaningless.
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ืฉืœื˜ ื”50% ื”ื ื—ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
02:28
You filter in the sensation of your grip tightening on the wheel,
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ืืชื ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื”,
02:32
you feel your blood pressure rise,
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ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ืœื”,
02:34
you hear the squeal of your brakes,
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ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื—ืจื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
02:36
and you notice the expression on the face of the other driver
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ื•ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืชืš ืืชื›ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
02:39
as he pulls in front of you and quickly looks away.
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02:42
Time for our third rung.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
02:44
Ever since you were young,
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื›ื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืืชื›ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืชื•ืจื•ืช.
02:45
your parents taught you the importance of waiting in line
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02:48
and taking your turn.
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02:49
You live and die by the rule of first come, first served.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
02:53
And now this guy has just stolen your spot.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื™ื”. ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
02:55
What gives?
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02:57
Up to the fourth rung we go.
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ื ืขืœื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.
02:59
Watch closely as our assumptions take over
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
03:01
and our story creates itself.
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03:03
"That stupid jerk, didn't his parents teach him anything?
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"ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืง ื”ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื•ื?
03:07
How could he not see my signal light?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื™? ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘!
03:09
He must never pay attention!
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03:11
Why does he think he's more important than anyone else?"
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ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœื?"
03:14
Jumping quickly to the fifth rung,
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ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™,
03:16
we conclude that this guy is heartless, inconsiderate,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืœื‘, ื—ืกืจ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•.
03:20
he needs to be taught a lesson and put in his place.
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03:23
We feel angry, frustrated, vindictive, justified.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื, ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœื™ื, ื ืงืžื ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื.
03:27
On our sixth rung,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
03:28
we adjust our beliefs based on the experience.
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03:31
"That's the last time I give in!
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"ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื•ืชืจ! ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื ืกื” ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื™,
03:34
Next time someone tries to cut me off,
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03:36
tires will be smoking on the pavement
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ืืกืคืœื˜ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื“ื”ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™."
03:38
as I squeal past them into my spot."
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03:42
And finally our last rung: we take action.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ: ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื.
03:44
We back up, pull up behind his car,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”, ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•.
03:47
honk our horn, and roll down our window
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03:49
to scream a few choice words as well.
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03:52
Now imagine,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื›ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืชื ืฆืœ.
03:54
he walks over quickly, apologizing.
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03:57
His wife, who's almost due with their first baby,
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ืื™ืฉืชื•, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืืœื™ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ
04:00
called him from inside the mall to say she is in labor
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฆื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“.
04:02
and needs to get to the hospital immediately.
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04:06
We're momentarily shocked, apologize profusely,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœืจื’ืข, ืžืชื ืฆืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืžืง ืœื™ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืžืื—ืœื™ื ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื”ืจ ืœื›ื ื™ืกื”.
04:09
and wish him luck as he rushes toward the entrance.
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04:13
What just happened here?
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ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงืจื” ืคื”? ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”? ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™?
04:15
What changed? Why is this so significant?
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04:19
In our parking lot example,
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ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
04:21
our beliefs were short-circuited by the ladder of the other individual.
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื—ืจ.
04:25
"My wife is in labor, I need to get there quick,
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"ืื™ืฉืชื™ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ืžื”ืจ,
04:28
there's a parking spot. Whew!
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ื”ื ื” ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื”. ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ืœ!
04:30
Oh, jeez, I cut someone off.
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ืื•ื™, ื—ืชื›ืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•. ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืืชื ืฆืœ ืžื”ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื™ืืง."
04:32
I'd better apologize quickly so they don't think I'm a jerk."
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04:35
But what if we were able to short-circuit our ladders ourselves?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•?
04:38
Proactively, by choice?
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ืคืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”?
04:41
Guess what? We can!
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ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”? ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื!
04:43
Let's return to our unique human function of free will.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
04:48
Next time you notice yourself reacting to your experience,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
04:51
pay focused attention to your ladder.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืœืกื•ืœื.
04:54
Ask yourself what beliefs are at play,
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ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ื–ื” ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช, ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช.
04:56
where do they come from?
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04:58
What data and observations did you filter in
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืกื™ื ื ืชื ืคื ื™ืžื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืœืžื”?
05:00
as a result of your beliefs,
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05:03
and why?
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05:04
Are your assumptions valid and supported by facts?
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ื”ืื ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช?
05:08
Would a different set of assumptions create different feelings,
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ื”ืื ืกื˜ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ?
05:11
and result in new and better conclusions and actions?
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05:15
We all have our own unique ladder.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืœื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
05:17
Be mindful of yours,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:18
and help others to see theirs.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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