Why is there a "b" in doubt? - Gina Cooke

Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Translator: Nazarbek Nazarov Reviewer: Azizbek Nazarov

People often think the word "doubt" spelling is a little crazy

Insonlar ko'pincha "doubt" so'zi imlosini ahmoqona deb o'ylashadi.

because of the letter "b".

Undagi "b" harfi sababli.

Since it doesn't spell a sound,

U talaffuz qilinmas ekan,

most folks can't figure out what it's doing there.

ko'pchilik uni nega kerak ekanligini tushuna olishmaydi.

But in spite of what most of us learn in school,

Maktabda o'rganganlarimizga qaramay,

sound is <i>never</i> the most important aspect

ingliz tili imlosida tovush unchalik ham

of spelling an English word.

ahamiyatga ega emas.

A word's meaning and history need to come first.

So'zning ma'nosi va uning tarixi birinchi navbatda ahamiyatlidir.

To doubt means to question,

"To doubt" so'zi "shubhalanmoq",

to waver,

"ikkilanmoq",

to hesitate.

"tortinmoq" deganidir.

As a noun, it means uncertainty or confusion.

Ot so'z turkumi sifatida u noaniqlik, adashish degan ma'nolarga ega.

The present-day English word "doubt"

Zamonaviy ingliz tilidagi "doubt" so'zi

started as a Latin word, "dubitare".

lotincha "dubitare" so'zidan kelib chiqqan.

It first moved from Latin into French

U boshida lotinchadan fransuz tiliga o'tgan.

where it lost both its "buh" sound and its letter "b".

Shunda u "b" tovushini va harfini yo'qotgan.

And then it came into English in the 13th century.

Keyinchalik XIII asrda bu so'z ingliz tiliga kirib kelgan.

About 100 years later,

Yuz yillarcha vaqt o'tib,

scribes who wrote English but also knew Latin,

lotin tilini ham biladigan ingliz tilidagi yozuvchilar

started to reinsert the "b" into the word's spelling,

so'zga "b" harfini qo'shishni boshlashdi.

even though no one pronounced it that way.

Hatto uni hech kim shunday talaffuz qilmasa ham.

But why would they do this?

Nega bunday qilishgan?

Why would anyone in their right mind

Nima uchun bu so'zga

reinsert a silent letter into a spelling?

"gapirmaydigan" harf qo'shishgan?

Well, because they knew Latin,

Chunki ular lotin tilini bilishgan.

the scribes understood that the root of "doubt" had a "b" in it.

Ular "doubt" so'zining ildizida "b" harfi borligini bilishgan.

Over time, even as fewer literate people knew Latin,

Vaqt o'tib lotin tilini biladigan insonlar kamayganida ham

the "b" was kept because it marked important,

"b" saqlab qolingan, chunki u muhim rol o'ynagan.

meaningful connections to other related words,

Qarindosh so'zlar bilan bog'liqlikni saqlab turgan.

like "dubious" and "indubitalbly,"

Bular "dubious" va "indubitalbly" kabi so'zlar bo'lib,

which were subsequently borrowed into English

ular ham lotin tilidagi "dubitare" so'zidan

from the same Latin root, "dubitare".

kelib chiqqan va ingliz tiliga kiritilgan.

Understanding these historical connections

Bu tarixiy bog'liqliklarni tushunish

not only helped us to spell "doubt,"

bizga nafaqat "doubt"ni talaffuz qilishni,

but also to understand the meaning

balki bu murakkab so'zlarning ma'nosini

of these more sophisticated words.

anglashga yordam berdi.

But the story doesn't end there.

Tarix bu bilan tugamaydi.

If we look even deeper,

Yanada chuqurroq qarasak,

we can see beyond the shadow of a doubt,

"b"ning qanchalar o'rinli ekanligini

just how revealing that "b" can be.

ko'rishimiz mumkin.

There are only two base words in all of English

Ingliz tilida «d-o-u-b» harflari bilan boshlanadigan

that have the letters "d-o-u-b":

atigi ikkita tayanch so'z bor:

one is doubt,

bittasi — "doubt",

and the other is double.

ikkinchisi — "double".

We can build lots of other words

Bu so'zlar orqali biz ko'plab so'zlar

on each of these bases,

yaratishimiz mumkin:

like doubtful

and doubtless,

"doubtful",

"doubtless",

or doublet,

yoki "doublet",

and redouble,

"redouble",

and doubloon.

"doubloon" kabi.

It turns out that if we look into their history,

Aslida agar biz ularning tarixiga qarasak,

we can see that they both derive

bu ikkala so'z ham lotinchada

from the same Latin forms.

bir xil o'zakdan kelib chiqqan.

The meaning of double,

"Double" so'zining ma'nosi,

two,

ikki,

is reflected in a deep understanding of doubt.

"doubt" so'zining tubida yotadi.

See, when we doubt,

Biz shubhalanganimizda,

when we hesitate,

ikkilanganimizda,

we second guess ourselves.

biz o'zimizga bashorat qilamiz.

When we have doubts about something,

Bizda nimadandir shubha bo'lsa,

when we have questions or confusion,

bizda savollar ko'p bo'lganida yoki adashganimizda

we are of two minds.

biz qat'iyatsiz bo'lamiz.

Historically, before English began

Tarixan, ingliz tili fransuz tilidan

to borrow words from French,

so'zlar kirita boshlaganida,

it already had a word for doubt.

shubha degan so'z allaqachon mavjud bo'lgan.

That Old English word was "tweogan,"

U eski inglizcha so'z "tweogan" edi.

a word whose relationship to "two"

Yozilishidan ko'rinib turganidek, bu so'z

is clear in its spelling as well.

"two" bilan bog'liq.

So the next time you are in doubt

Keyingi safar nega ingliz tili

about why English spelling works the way it does,

imlosi bunday ishlashi haqida o'ylanib qolganingizda,

take a second look.

ikki marta qarang.

What you find just might make you do a double-take.

Ikkinchi marta ko'rganingiz sizga to'g'ri xulosa qilishingiz uchun yordam beradi.