Why do you want to squeeze cute things? - Joshua Paul Dale

1,156,099 views ・ 2023-01-03

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Una Kavazović Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:07
Watching a kitten fumbling around,
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Dok gledate mače kako se igra,
00:10
it might feel as if you’ve never encountered anything
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možda ćete se osetiti kao da nikada niste sreli ništa
00:14
so devastatingly adorable in your mortal life.
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toliko slatko u vašem ljudskom životu.
00:19
You may want to pet its soft fur and kiss its tiny head.
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Možda poželite da pomazite mekano krzno i poljubite njegovu malenu glavu.
00:25
But you may also feel the conflicting urge to squeeze
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Mđutim, možda i osetite konfliktni nagon da stisnete
00:31
or smush the kitten,
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ili zgnjavite mače,
00:33
maybe even stuff it in your mouth.
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možda ga čak i pojedete.
00:36
However, you don’t.
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Međutim, to nećete uraditi.
00:38
And you might be appalled by yourself.
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Možda ćete biti zgroženi sobom.
00:40
But this urge, which psychologists call “cute aggression,”
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Ovaj nagon, koji psiholozi nazivaju „slatkom agresijom,”
00:45
is a surprisingly common one estimated to affect about half of all adults.
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iznenađujuće je čest i pretpostavlja se da utiče na oko polovine svih odraslih.
00:52
To better understand this peculiar phenomenon,
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Kako bismo bolje razumeli ovaj neobični fenomen,
00:55
let's start with what cuteness is.
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pogledajmo prvo šta je to slatkoća.
00:58
In 1943, one scientist created a baby schema
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Godine 1943, jedan naučnik je napravio bebi šemu
01:03
that identified key features associated with cuteness,
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koja je prepoznavala ključne odlike vezane za slatkoću,
01:06
like plump cheeks, large eyes, and short limbs.
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kao što su buckasti obrazi, krupne oči i kratki udovi.
01:11
These characteristics, associated with many young animals,
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Ove osobine, vezane za dosta mladunčadi,
01:15
were placed in opposition with those perceived as less cute.
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stavljene su nasuprot onih koje smatramo manje slatkim.
01:20
Decades of study have since indicated that this baby schema reliably tracks
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Decenije istraživanja pokazale su da ova bebi šema pouzdano prati
01:25
with how people perceive cuteness.
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kako ljudi doživljavaju slatkoću.
01:28
When study participants see images containing more features
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Kada su učesnici studije videli slike koje sadrže više odlika
01:31
that the baby schema pinpoints as cute,
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koje bebi šema ističe kao slatke,
01:34
they tend to look at them longer and more often.
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imali su običaj da ih gledaju duže i češće.
01:38
And the photos appear to stimulate brain regions
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Čini se da su ove slike stimulisale oblasti mozga
01:41
associated with emotion and reward.
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vezane za osećanja i nagradu.
01:45
Cuteness is also thought to influence behavior.
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Takođe se smatra da slatkoća utiče na ponašanje.
01:49
In a 2009 study, participants performed better at the game Operation—
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U studiji iz 2009. godine, učesnici su bili bolji u društvenoj igri Operacija—
01:53
which demands precise, careful movements— when shown cute images beforehand.
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koja zahteva precizne, pažljive pokrete— kada su im pokazane slatke slike pre toga.
02:00
The results of another study indicated that people use recycling bins more
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Rezultati druge studije sugerisali su da ljudi više koriste kante za recikliranje
02:04
when they have cute images on them.
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kada su na njima slatke slike.
02:07
And the fact that cuteness hijacks our emotions
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Činjenica da slatkoća utiče na naše osećaje
02:10
is certainly not lost on authorities and advertisers.
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je definitivno nešto što su nadležni organi i promoteri primetili.
02:15
But why does cuteness have this hold on us?
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Međutim, zašto slatkoća utiče ovako na nas?
02:18
It's nearly impossible to know for sure,
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Skoro je nemoguće znati sa sigurnošću,
02:20
but one theory is that cute things simply make us want to nurture them.
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ali jedna teorija je da prosto želimo da se brinemo o slatkim stvarima.
02:26
Because human babies are relatively helpless on their own,
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Pošto su ljudske bebe relativno bespomoćne kada su same,
02:29
it’s hypothesized that evolution favored infants who were perceived as cute
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hipoteza je da je evolucija favorizovala bebe koje su doživljavane kao slatke
02:34
and inspired more care and interaction.
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i koje su izazivale više nege i pažnje.
02:38
And, being acutely sensitive to cuteness,
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Kako smo prilično osetljivi na slatkoću,
02:42
we're tuned into similar features in other species.
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prirodno prepoznajemo slične odlike i kod drugih vrsta.
02:45
In fact, as we domesticated animals, their appearances tended to change too.
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Kako smo pripitomljavali životinje, tako se polako menjao i njihov izgled.
02:51
Some scientists have noted a phenomenon called “domestication syndrome,”
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Neki naučnici ovaj fenomen nazivaju „sindromom domestikacije,”
02:56
where certain animals appear to have gradually adopted more juvenile features
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gde određene životinje počinju postepeno dobijati mladolike osobine
03:01
as they became more docile.
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kako postaju poslušnije.
03:04
One theory is that these physical changes are regulated
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Jedna teorija je da se ove fizičke promene regulišu
03:08
by an embryonic structure called the neural crest.
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embrionalnom strukturom koja se zove nervni greben.
03:12
It helps determine how some of a developing embryo’s cells
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To pomaže da se odredi kako se neke embrionske ćelije u razvoju
03:15
differentiate and where they go.
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razlikuju i kuda idu.
03:18
Delaying or inhibiting the arrival of these cells in certain areas of the body
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Odlaganje ili sprečavanje dolaska ovih ćelija u određene delove tela
03:23
can result in an underdevelopment of the pituitary and adrenal glands,
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može dovesti do nerazvijenosti hipofize i nadbubrežnih žlezda,
03:28
which govern fear and aggression.
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koje upravljaju strahom i agresijom.
03:31
It can also lead to physical characteristics
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Može dovesti i do fizičkih osobina
03:34
like floppier ears, shorter snouts, and smaller jaws.
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kao što su spuštene uši, kraće njuške i manje vilice.
03:39
This is one idea of how selecting for behavioral characteristics
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Ovo je jedna od ideja kako selekcija osobina ponašanja,
03:43
like friendliness, may also select for more juvenile, cuter physical traits.
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poput druželjubivosti, može biti usmerena i na mladolike, slađe fizičke osobine.
03:50
Basically, as humans bred and domesticated docile dogs,
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Kako su ljudi uzgajali i pripitomljavali poslušne pse,
03:55
we seem to have made some breeds look more like babies.
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izgleda da su načinili da neke rase pasa počnu ličiti na bebe.
04:00
Some scientists theorize that we may have even domesticated ourselves.
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Neki naučnici misle da smo možda čak pripitomili i sami sebe.
04:06
The thinking here is that as ancient humans
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Ideja proističe iz toga da kada su se u staro doba
04:09
formed larger, more cooperative groups,
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formirale veće, kooperativne grupe,
04:11
they selected for friendlier individuals.
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birali su se druželjubiviji pojedinci.
04:15
This may have then led to some of the physical characteristics
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Ovo je možda dovelo do nekih fizičkih osobina
04:18
that distinguish us from our closest evolutionary cousins,
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koje nas razlikuju od naših najbližih evolucijskih srodnika,
04:21
like smaller, rounder skulls and subtler brow ridges.
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poput manje, oblije lobanje i suptilnijeg položaja obrva.
04:26
But if cuteness is related to nurturing and decreased aggression,
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Ali, ako je slatkoća vezana za negu i smanjenu agresiju,
04:32
why would anyone ever want to squeeze or bite cute things?
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zašto bi iko želeo da stisne ili gricne slatke stvari?
04:38
Well, cute aggression is importantly not linked
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Slatka agresija nije toliko vezana
04:42
to the actual intention to do harm.
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za nameru da nekoga zaista povredimo.
04:44
Instead, it seems to result from emotional overload.
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Zapravo, čini se da je ovo rezultat emocionalne preopterećenosti.
04:49
Some scientists think that cute things elicit such positive emotions
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Neki naučnici misle da slatke stvari izazivaju toliko jaka pozitivna osećanja
04:54
from certain people that the experience becomes overwhelming.
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kod nekih ljudi da ih to iskustvo počinje preopterećivati.
04:59
They hypothesize that slightly aggressive, discordant thoughts
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Oni prepostavljaju da su pomalo agresivne, neskladne misli
05:03
are the brain’s way of putting the brakes on and regulating those intense feelings—
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način na koji mozak usporava i reguliše ova intenzivna osećanja—
05:09
not getting you to actually eat a kitten.
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ne navode vas da zaista pojedete mače.
05:13
Cuteness can come off as a frivolous, innocent quality,
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Slatkoća se može činiti sićušnom, nevinom osobinom,
05:17
but it wields immense, consequential power.
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ali ona ima ogromnu posledičnu moć.
05:22
Not to be aggressive, but cuteness kind of runs the world.
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Ne bismo da zvučimo agresivno, ali slatkoća vlada svetom.
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