Why do you want to squeeze cute things? - Joshua Paul Dale

1,253,962 views ใƒป 2023-01-03

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:07
Watching a kitten fumbling around,
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ื‘ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื—ืชืœืชื•ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง,
00:10
it might feel as if youโ€™ve never encountered anything
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชืงืœืชื
00:14
so devastatingly adorable in your mortal life.
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ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจืกื ื™ ื‘ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
00:19
You may want to pet its soft fur and kiss its tiny head.
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื ืฉืง ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ.
00:25
But you may also feel the conflicting urge to squeeze
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืžืขื•ืš
00:31
or smush the kitten,
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ืื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื—ืชืœืชื•ืœ,
00:33
maybe even stuff it in your mouth.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื” ืฉืœื›ื.
00:36
However, you donโ€™t.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืชื ืœื.
00:38
And you might be appalled by yourself.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื™ื’ืขืœื• ืžืขืฆืžื›ื.
00:40
But this urge, which psychologists call โ€œcute aggression,โ€
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• โ€œืื’ืจืกื™ื” ื—ืžื•ื“ื”,โ€
00:45
is a surprisingly common one estimated to affect about half of all adults.
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ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื•ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
00:52
To better understand this peculiar phenomenon,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:55
let's start with what cuteness is.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
00:58
In 1943, one scientist created a baby schema
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ื‘ 1943, ืžื“ืขืŸ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฆืจ ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง
01:03
that identified key features associated with cuteness,
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ืชื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช,
01:06
like plump cheeks, large eyes, and short limbs.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ื—ื•ืช, ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื’ืคื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื•ืช.
01:11
These characteristics, associated with many young animals,
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืฉืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
01:15
were placed in opposition with those perceived as less cute.
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ื”ื•ืฉืžื• ืžื•ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช.
01:20
Decades of study have since indicated that this baby schema reliably tracks
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ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืื• ืžืื– ืฉืกื›ืžืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืขืงื‘ื” ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช
01:25
with how people perceive cuteness.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืคืฉื™ื ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
01:28
When study participants see images containing more features
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
01:31
that the baby schema pinpoints as cute,
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ืฉืกื›ืžืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช,
01:34
they tend to look at them longer and more often.
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ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:38
And the photos appear to stimulate brain regions
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื’ืจื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื—
01:41
associated with emotion and reward.
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ืฉืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื’ืžื•ืœ.
01:45
Cuteness is also thought to influence behavior.
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ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ืœืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.
01:49
In a 2009 study, participants performed better at the game Operationโ€”
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ 2009, ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื ื™ืชื•ื—--
01:53
which demands precise, careful movementsโ€” when shown cute images beforehand.
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ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช -- ื›ืฉื”ืจืื• ืœื”ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
02:00
The results of another study indicated that people use recycling bins more
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื—ื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ
02:04
when they have cute images on them.
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
02:07
And the fact that cuteness hijacks our emotions
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื˜ืคืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:10
is certainly not lost on authorities and advertisers.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื ืขืœืžื” ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื.
02:15
But why does cuteness have this hold on us?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื ื•?
02:18
It's nearly impossible to know for sure,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
02:20
but one theory is that cute things simply make us want to nurture them.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื.
02:26
Because human babies are relatively helpless on their own,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื,
02:29
itโ€™s hypothesized that evolution favored infants who were perceived as cute
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ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื
02:34
and inspired more care and interaction.
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ื•ื“ื—ืคื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช.
02:38
And, being acutely sensitive to cuteness,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช,
02:42
we're tuned into similar features in other species.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:45
In fact, as we domesticated animals, their appearances tended to change too.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื™ืชื™ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื” ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
02:51
Some scientists have noted a phenomenon called โ€œdomestication syndrome,โ€
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช โ€œืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืช,โ€
02:56
where certain animals appear to have gradually adopted more juvenile features
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ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืžืฆื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
03:01
as they became more docile.
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื ื•ืขื•ืช.
03:04
One theory is that these physical changes are regulated
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ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื
03:08
by an embryonic structure called the neural crest.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ืจื›ืก ืขืฆื‘ื™.
03:12
It helps determine how some of a developing embryoโ€™s cells
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ืš ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื
03:15
differentiate and where they go.
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ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
03:18
Delaying or inhibiting the arrival of these cells in certain areas of the body
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ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืื• ื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
03:23
can result in an underdevelopment of the pituitary and adrenal glands,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื”,
03:28
which govern fear and aggression.
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคื—ื“ ื•ืื’ืจืกื™ื”.
03:31
It can also lead to physical characteristics
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช
03:34
like floppier ears, shorter snouts, and smaller jaws.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ืคื ืคื•ืช, ืืคื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืœืชืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:39
This is one idea of how selecting for behavioral characteristics
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช
03:43
like friendliness, may also select for more juvenile, cuter physical traits.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:50
Basically, as humans bred and domesticated docile dogs,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื• ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืชื ื™ื,
03:55
we seem to have made some breeds look more like babies.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ืจืžื ื• ืœื›ืžื” ื–ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
04:00
Some scientists theorize that we may have even domesticated ourselves.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
04:06
The thinking here is that as ancient humans
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื
04:09
formed larger, more cooperative groups,
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ื™ืฆืจื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืคื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:11
they selected for friendlier individuals.
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:15
This may have then led to some of the physical characteristics
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื
04:18
that distinguish us from our closest evolutionary cousins,
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ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
04:21
like smaller, rounder skulls and subtler brow ridges.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืงื• ื’ื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:26
But if cuteness is related to nurturing and decreased aggression,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช,
04:32
why would anyone ever want to squeeze or bite cute things?
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ืœืžื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืจืฆื” ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืžื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ืœื ืฉื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื?
04:38
Well, cute aggression is importantly not linked
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื’ืจืกื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
04:42
to the actual intention to do harm.
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ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื–ืง.
04:44
Instead, it seems to result from emotional overload.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžืก ื™ืชืจ ื—ื•ืฉื™.
04:49
Some scientists think that cute things elicit such positive emotions
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
04:54
from certain people that the experience becomes overwhelming.
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ืžื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžื”ืžืžืช.
04:59
They hypothesize that slightly aggressive, discordant thoughts
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ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื–ื” ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืฆื•ืจืžื•ืช
05:03
are the brainโ€™s way of putting the brakes on and regulating those intense feelingsโ€”
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช --
05:09
not getting you to actually eat a kitten.
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ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื.
05:13
Cuteness can come off as a frivolous, innocent quality,
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ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืงืœืช ื“ืขืช ื•ืชืžื™ืžื”,
05:17
but it wields immense, consequential power.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
05:22
Not to be aggressive, but cuteness kind of runs the world.
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ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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