Everything changed when the fire crystal got stolen - Alex Gendler

2,398,991 views ・ 2020-02-06

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Tijana Ćopić Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:06
Someone has tripped the magical alarms in the Element Temple.
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Neko je aktivirao magične alarme unutar Hrama Elemenata.
00:10
By the time you and the other monks arrive on the scene,
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Kada se ti i drugi monasi pojavite na sceni,
00:14
you know you have a disaster on your hands.
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znate da imate posla sa katastrofalnom situacijom.
00:17
Overnight, four young apprentices broke into the temple’s inner chamber
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Preko noći su četiri mlada učenika provalila u unutrašnju odaju hrama
00:22
to steal the sacred element crystals.
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kako bi ukrala svete kristale elemenata.
00:25
But when the alarm went off they panicked,
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Međutim, kada se alarm aktivirao, počeli su da paniče
00:27
and each of them swallowed the crystal they held right before they were caught.
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i svaki je progutao kristal koji je držao baš pre nego što su bili uhvaćeni.
00:32
With no idea how to control the crystals’ vast powers,
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Pošto nisu imali pojma kako da kontrolišu ogromnu moć kristala,
00:36
they’ll soon transform into uncontrollable elemental spirits.
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uskoro bi se pretvorili u nekontrolisane duhove samih elemenata.
00:41
Improbably enough,
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Ali, za ne poverovati,
00:43
the old monk next to you has seen something similar happen before.
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stari monah pored tebe video je pre nešto slično kako se desilo.
00:47
He explains: “You must determine who ate which crystal
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On objašnjava: „Morate ustanoviti ko je pojeo koji kristal
00:51
and get each into the proper containment field before they transform.
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i onda ih sve obuzdati odgovarajućim omotačem pre nego što se preobraze.
00:56
The elements compel their masters:
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Elementi prisiljuju svoje gospodare na sledeći način:
00:59
those who ate the Earth and Water Crystals must speak the truth,
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oni koji su pojeli zemljani i vodeni kristal moraju da govore istinu,
01:03
while those who consumed Fire and Air must lie."
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dok oni koji su pojeli vatreni i vazdušni moraju da lažu.“
01:08
The youths are too scared to confess their own transgressions.
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Mladi učenici bili su previše uplašeni da bi priznali svoj prestup.
01:12
Instead, they fall to accusing each other.
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Umesto toga, počeli su da optužuju jedni druge.
01:15
“Rikku took the Water crystal!” Sumi blurts out.
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„Riku je uzeo vodeni kristal!“, reče Sumi.
01:18
Rikku interrupts angrily.
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Riku je ljutito prekide.
01:19
“It was Bella, she stole the Fire crystal!”
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„Bela je kriva, ona je ukrala vatreni kristal!“
01:22
So Bella yells: “Jonah ate the Air crystal, I saw him!”
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Te Bela povika: „Džona je pojeo vazdušni kristal, videla sam ga!“
01:26
Jonah looks up timidly and shakes his head.
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Džona bojažljivo diže pogled i odmahuje glavom.
01:29
“I… I don’t know what happened, but Sumi doesn’t have the Earth crystal.”
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„Ja... Ja ne znam šta se dogodilo, ali kod Sumi nije zemljani kristal.“
01:34
So who ate which crystal?
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Dakle, ko je pojeo koji kristal?
01:36
Pause now to figure it out for yourself.
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Pauziraj video i pokušaj da odgonetneš.
01:42
There’s no getting around it— this will take some trial and error.
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Neizbežno je - biće ovde potrebni pokušaji i promašaji.
01:46
But that’s not a bad thing.
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Ali to nije loša stvar.
01:48
If we make a wrong guess,
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Ako nam nagađanje ne uspe,
01:49
we’ll eventually reach a point where our conclusions contradict each other.
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pre ili posle će naša zaključivanja biti protivrečna.
01:53
That would allow us to confirm that our initial guess was wrong
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Tako bismo potvrdili da je naše prvobitno nagađanje pogrešno
01:57
and work from there.
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i tu bismo nastavili dalje.
01:58
This is a technique known as proof by contradiction.
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Ovo je tehnika koja se naziva „svođenje na protivrečnost“.
02:02
The trick is in being strategic about where we begin our guessing.
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Caka je u tome da strateški počnemo da nagađamo.
02:07
Some assumptions might not lead to contradictions
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Određenim pretpostavkama nećemo doći do protivrečnosti
02:09
without making further assumptions.
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osim ako ne budemo pravili dodatne pretpostavke.
02:12
We want to pick one that creates the most constraints on its own,
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Želimo da odaberemo onu koja sama pravi najviše ograničenja,
02:16
and thus gives us the most information when it turns out to be right or wrong.
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te nam na kraju daje najviše informacija time što je ispravna ili pogrešna.
02:21
Take, for example, Sumi’s statement.
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Uzmimo, recimo, Suminu izjavu.
02:23
If we assume she’s telling the truth,
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Ako pretpostavimo da govori istinu,
02:26
we’d know the identity of both truth tellers.
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znali bismo identitet obe osobe koje govore istinu.
02:29
Rikku would have the Water crystal, and since she’s not lying about him,
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Riku bi imao vodeni kristal, a pošto to ne bi bila laž,
02:33
Sumi would have Earth.
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Sumi bi imala zemljani kristal.
02:35
So Bella would have the Fire crystal, as Rikku says.
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Bela bi onda imala vatreni kristal, kao što je Riku rekao.
02:38
But then Bella would have to be lying about Jonah having the Air crystal.
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Ali to bi onda značilo da Bela laže da je vazdušni kristal kod Džone.
02:43
And yet that’s the only remaining option.
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A to nam je jedina preostala opcija.
02:46
This is a contradiction, and it tells us our initial assumption was wrong.
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Ovo je protivrečnost, i govori nam da je naša prvobitna pretpostavka pogrešna.
02:51
So now we can go back to the start,
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Sada možemo da se vratimo na početak,
02:53
but with the added knowledge that Sumi is lying.
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uz novo saznanje da Sumi laže.
02:57
As a liar, Sumi must either have the Fire or Air crystal.
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Pošto laže, kod Sumi mora da su ili vatreni ili vazdušni kristal.
03:01
That means Jonah was telling the truth about her,
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To bi značilo da je Džona rekao istinu o njoj,
03:04
so he can’t have taken either of those.
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tako da on nije uzeo ni jedan od ta dva.
03:07
And that means Bella was lying about him,
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To bi takođe značilo da je Bela o njemu lagala,
03:10
so she must also have either Fire or Air.
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tako da su kod nje vatreni ili vazdušni.
03:13
Since Sumi was lying, Rikku can’t have taken the Water crystal—
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Pošto je Sumi lagala, Riku onda nije mogao uzeti vodeni kristal.
03:17
the only one left who could have it is Jonah.
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Jedini kod koga bi mogao da bude jeste Džona.
03:20
And because we’ve already identified the two liars,
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A pošto smo već otkrili dva lažova,
03:23
Rikku must have the Earth crystal.
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Riku mora da ima zemljani kristal.
03:26
That means Bella has the Fire crystal and Sumi has Air.
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To bi značilo da Bela ima vatreni kristal a Sumi ima vazdušni.
03:30
You manage to get them all in the proper containment fields
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Sve ih uspešno obuzdavaš odgovarajućim omotačem,
03:33
just as the crystals’ magic begins to manifest.
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baš pre nego što se magija kristala počne ispoljavati.
03:37
Compared with the difficult task of training these kids
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U poređenju sa teškim izazovom učenja ove dece
03:39
to control their new powers,
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da kontrolišu svoje nove moći,
03:41
figuring out who had which crystal was elementary.
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otkrivanje ko je imao koji kristal bilo je mačji kašalj.
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