Everything changed when the fire crystal got stolen - Alex Gendler

2,398,991 views ・ 2020-02-06

TED-Ed


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譯者: Clement Fu 審譯者: H_L Au
00:06
Someone has tripped the magical alarms in the Element Temple.
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不速之客驚動了「四元壇」魔法鐘
00:10
By the time you and the other monks arrive on the scene,
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你和一眾僧侶聞聲馳赴現場
00:14
you know you have a disaster on your hands.
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就知道大事不妙
00:17
Overnight, four young apprentices broke into the temple’s inner chamber
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四名年少門生漏夜闖進四元壇內殿
00:22
to steal the sacred element crystals.
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想偷走神聖的四元神石
00:25
But when the alarm went off they panicked,
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鐘聲響起,門生東窗事發驚惶失措
00:27
and each of them swallowed the crystal they held right before they were caught.
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情急之下各將手持的一枚神石吞下
00:32
With no idea how to control the crystals’ vast powers,
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四門生修煉畢竟未臻化境
00:36
they’ll soon transform into uncontrollable elemental spirits.
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神靈很快就會附體,此事非同小可
00:41
Improbably enough,
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雖然事出不意、非比尋常
00:43
the old monk next to you has seen something similar happen before.
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身旁老僧畢竟見多識廣神色自若說:
00:47
He explains: “You must determine who ate which crystal
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「你必先弄清各人體內神石為何
00:51
and get each into the proper containment field before they transform.
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趁為時未晚移到相剋的禪室閉關淨化
00:56
The elements compel their masters:
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神石在體內會左右主人
00:59
those who ate the Earth and Water Crystals must speak the truth,
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吞下地靈、水靈神石的人必說真話
01:03
while those who consumed Fire and Air must lie."
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吞下火靈、天靈神石的人必說謊話」
01:08
The youths are too scared to confess their own transgressions.
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門生驚慌失措,不敢直認過失
01:12
Instead, they fall to accusing each other.
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犯下滔天大禍,卻互相推諉
01:15
“Rikku took the Water crystal!” Sumi blurts out.
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「柳寬奪走了水靈神石!」宣旼搶說
01:18
Rikku interrupts angrily.
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柳寬怒嗆:
01:19
“It was Bella, she stole the Fire crystal!”
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「是白蘭,她偷走了火靈神石!」
01:22
So Bella yells: “Jonah ate the Air crystal, I saw him!”
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白蘭就大喊:
「蔣昂吞下天靈神石,我看到的!」
01:26
Jonah looks up timidly and shakes his head.
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蔣昂虛怯地抬起頭,搖搖頭說:
01:29
“I… I don’t know what happened, but Sumi doesn’t have the Earth crystal.”
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「我……我也不知道
但宣旼沒有地靈神石」
01:34
So who ate which crystal?
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究竟,是誰吞下哪枚神石?
01:36
Pause now to figure it out for yourself.
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[若要自己動腦筋,就按一下暫停]
01:42
There’s no getting around it— this will take some trial and error.
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跌跌碰碰反覆試驗似乎少不了
01:46
But that’s not a bad thing.
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但這不是壞事
01:48
If we make a wrong guess,
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若是猜錯的話,到了某一個點
01:49
we’ll eventually reach a point where our conclusions contradict each other.
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立論就會相與悖繆,無從立足
01:53
That would allow us to confirm that our initial guess was wrong
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屆時就確認了當初的猜想是錯的
01:57
and work from there.
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回到原點
01:58
This is a technique known as proof by contradiction.
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這種技巧叫做「反證法」
02:02
The trick is in being strategic about where we begin our guessing.
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秘訣是一開始的猜想要帶一點計謀
02:07
Some assumptions might not lead to contradictions
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一些假設未必引起矛盾
02:09
without making further assumptions.
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要加上進一步假設,矛盾才會出現
02:12
We want to pick one that creates the most constraints on its own,
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要挑個立竿見影、制限最多的假設
02:16
and thus gives us the most information when it turns out to be right or wrong.
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這樣孰對孰錯都能給我們最多資訊
02:21
Take, for example, Sumi’s statement.
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比如說,宣旼的陳述
02:23
If we assume she’s telling the truth,
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先假設她是說真話
02:26
we’d know the identity of both truth tellers.
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據她所說,我們知道哪兩位說真話
02:29
Rikku would have the Water crystal, and since she’s not lying about him,
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柳寬有水靈神石
又因為她自己坦白揭發了柳寬
02:33
Sumi would have Earth.
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宣旼就有地靈神石
02:35
So Bella would have the Fire crystal, as Rikku says.
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然後柳寬坦承,白蘭有火靈神石
02:38
But then Bella would have to be lying about Jonah having the Air crystal.
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白蘭說蔣昂有天靈神石,就必屬謊話
02:43
And yet that’s the only remaining option.
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那卻是擺在眼前的唯一選項
02:46
This is a contradiction, and it tells us our initial assumption was wrong.
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這就是矛盾,表示一開始假設有誤
02:51
So now we can go back to the start,
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我們就從頭再來
02:53
but with the added knowledge that Sumi is lying.
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然而,現在知道宣旼是在說謊話
02:57
As a liar, Sumi must either have the Fire or Air crystal.
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撒謊的宣旼必然有火靈或天靈神石
03:01
That means Jonah was telling the truth about her,
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這表示蔣昂關於她的說話是真話
03:04
so he can’t have taken either of those.
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換言之,火靈或天靈神石都不在蔣昂
03:07
And that means Bella was lying about him,
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白蘭指控他的說話必然也是謊話
03:10
so she must also have either Fire or Air.
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故此她一樣要嘛有火靈,要嘛有天靈
03:13
Since Sumi was lying, Rikku can’t have taken the Water crystal—
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既然宣旼撒謊,柳寬沒可能奪走水靈
03:17
the only one left who could have it is Jonah.
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唯一可能有水靈神石的,就是蔣昂
03:20
And because we’ve already identified the two liars,
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由於說謊話的兩位門生已經找到
03:23
Rikku must have the Earth crystal.
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柳寬有的一定是地靈神石
03:26
That means Bella has the Fire crystal and Sumi has Air.
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換言之,火靈在白蘭,地靈在宣旼
03:30
You manage to get them all in the proper containment fields
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神靈正要顯現之際
你剛好把門生都放在相剋禪室淨化
03:33
just as the crystals’ magic begins to manifest.
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化險為夷
03:37
Compared with the difficult task of training these kids
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比起要為這班少不更事的門生
03:39
to control their new powers,
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讓他們修身養性,傳習新魔法武功
03:41
figuring out who had which crystal was elementary.
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將四元神石歸位簡直易如反掌
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