The deadliest thing in your kitchen - George Zaidan

239,215 views ・ 2024-09-12

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Nevena Ciric Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:07
Avocados may seem innocent,
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Avokado možda deluje bezazleno,
00:09
but these oblong fruits sent almost 9,000 people to US emergency rooms
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ali je zahvaljujući ovom voću 9000 ljudi širom SAD završilo u urgentnom centru
00:14
in 2018 alone.
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i to samo 2018. godine.
00:16
Injuries sustained by hacking at the pit or slicing while holding the fruit
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Povrede zadobijene uklanjanjem koštice ili sečenjem dok voće držimo u ruci
00:20
have become so common, doctors have dubbed them avocado hand.
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su postale toliko uobičajene da su ih doktori nazvali avokado rukom.
00:24
Of course, there is a safer way to cut avocados.
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Naravno, postoje bezbedniji načini da se iseče avokado,
00:26
But knives are just one of the hazards kitchens harbor.
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ali nož je samo jedna od mnogih opasnosti prisutnih u kuhinji.
00:30
In the US, between 2011 and 2022,
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U SAD, između 2011. i 2022,
00:33
the deadliest kitchen appliances were ovens and ranges—
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najsmrtonosniji kuhinjski aparati bili su šporeti—
00:37
appliances that are stoves and ovens in one.
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uređaji koji sadrže i rernu i ploču.
00:40
They took lives by causing fires and leaking carbon monoxide,
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Ugasili su živote izazvavši požare i curenjem ugljen-monoksida,
00:43
a gas that can cause suffocation at high concentrations.
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gasa koji može izazvati gušenje pri visokim koncentracijama.
00:47
These kinds of sudden, catastrophic fatalities are thankfully rare.
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Ovakvi iznenadni, katastrofalni ishodi su, srećom, retki.
00:51
But the kitchen dangers that cause the most casualties
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Ali opasnosti iz kuhinje koje uzrokuju najviše smrtnih ishoda
00:54
may actually be less immediate and more gradual—
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bi zapravo mogle da budu manje trenutne i više postepene—
00:57
involving constant exposures, like stuff in the air we breathe.
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i da uključuju stalnu izloženost opasnim stvarima u vazduhu koji udišemo.
01:01
Ovens and stoves remain a major culprit here.
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Rerne i šporeti ostaju glavni krivci ovde.
01:04
Indeed, the fourth leading cause of years of life lost globally is air pollution.
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Zapravo, zagađen vazduh je četvrti najveći razlog smanjenja životnog veka.
01:08
This includes indoor air pollution, most of which comes from cooking.
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To uključuje i vazduh u zatvorenom, na koji znanto utiče kuvanje.
01:13
Over 2 billion people cook using a solid fuel, like charcoal and wood.
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Preko dve milijarde ljudi priprema hranu
koristeći čvrsta goriva poput uglja i drveta.
01:17
As it burns, fire and oxygen can’t reach all of the fuel source,
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Dok sagorevaju, vatra i kiseonik ne mogu iskoristiti ceo izvor goriva,
01:21
leading to incomplete combustion.
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što vodi do nepotpunog sagorevanja.
01:23
This produces pollutants like soot, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
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Ovo stvara zagađivače poput čađi, ugljen-monoksida, azotnih oksida
01:27
and lots of particulate matter—
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i velikog broja sitnih čestica—
01:29
that is, solid and liquid particles that have become airborne
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odnosno, čvrstih i tečnih čestica koje se mogu naći u vazduhu,
a koje su dovoljno male da ih udahnemo.
01:33
and small enough to inhale.
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01:34
A single particle can contain many different chemicals.
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Jedna čestica može sadržati čitav skup hemikalija.
01:37
And especially tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs,
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Ovo se posebno odnosi na sitne čestice koje mogu dopreti duboko u pluća,
01:40
enter the bloodstream, and irritate tissues,
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ući u krvotok i nadražiti tkiva,
01:43
cause inflammation, and bring about more systemic problems.
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što potom dovodi do upale i niza drugih problema.
01:47
It’s estimated that about 3 million people die prematurely each year
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Procenjuje se da oko tri miliona ljudi godišnje postanu žrtve prerane smrti
01:51
from illnesses caused by burning solid fuels.
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od bolesti izazvanih sagorevanjem čvrstih goriva.
01:54
Stoves and ovens that don’t use solid fuels produce far less pollution—
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Šporeti i pećnice koji ne koriste čvrsta goriva proizvode mnogo manje zagađenja—
01:58
but still a considerable amount.
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ali se i dalje radi o znatnoj količini.
02:00
There are two basic types: gas and electric.
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Možemo ih podeliti u dve kategorije: električne i gasne.
02:03
Gas stoves primarily burn methane to create an open flame for cooking.
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Gasni šporeti sagorevaju metan i stvaraju otvoreni plamen za kuvanje.
02:07
Traditional electric stoves use metal elements that radiate heat
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Tradicionalni električni šporeti koriste metalne elemente i zagrevaju površinu
02:11
when an electrical current is forced through them.
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dok kroz njih protiče električna struja.
02:14
They’re different from modern induction electric stoves,
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Razlikuju se od modernih indukcijskih električnih šporeta,
02:17
which use electromagnetic waves to induce currents
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koji koriste elektromagnetne talase da indukuju struju
02:20
that heat iron and steel cookware directly.
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i direktno greju posuđe od gvožđa i čelika.
02:22
Gas stoves pollute more than electric ones.
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Gasni šporeti zagađuju više od električnih.
02:25
That's because natural gas combustion produces byproducts like carbon monoxide,
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To je zato što sagorevanje prirodnog gasa proizvodi nusproizvode
poput ugljen-monoksida, azotnih oksida i formaldehida.
02:30
nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde.
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02:32
Unravelling the causes of chronic diseases is incredibly difficult,
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Razotkrivanje uzroka hroničnih bolesti je izuzetno teško,
02:36
but accumulating evidence suggests that gas stoves exacerbate asthma symptoms
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ali sve više dokaza ukazuje na to da gasni šporeti pogoršavaju simptome astme
02:41
and put children at increased risk of developing the condition.
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i značajno utiču na rizik od razvijanja ovog stanja kod dece.
02:44
Electric ranges are cleaner than gas ones,
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Električni šporeti su čistiji od gasnih,
02:47
but they’re still not totally pollution-free— no ranges are.
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ali ipak i oni zagađuju— kao i svi ostali šporeti.
02:50
At least some air pollution is inevitable from the cooking process,
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Određena količina zagađivanja je neizostavni deo kuvanja,
02:54
no matter the fuel type.
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bez obzira na vrstu goriva.
02:56
High-heat cooking generally releases more pollutants
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Kuvanje na višim temperaturama oslobađa više zagađivača
02:58
than lower heat methods;
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od metoda sa nižom temperaturom;
03:00
after all, charring a steak isn’t all that different from burning a solid fuel.
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uostalom, priprema steka se ne razlikuje značajno od sagorevanja čvrstog goriva.
03:04
And substances like oil and dust can accumulate
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A supstance poput ulja i prašine mogu se akumulirati
03:07
and release pollutants when heated.
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i osloboditi zagađivače kada se zagreju.
03:09
Transitioning away from solid fuels is critical to improving indoor air quality—
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Prelazak sa čvrstog goriva je ključan za poboljšanje kvaliteta unutrašnjeg vazduha—
03:14
and consequently, extending people’s lives.
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samim tim, i produžavanje ljudskih života.
03:16
Cooking with proper ventilation—
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Odgovarajuća ventilacija—
03:18
ideally, from a powerful range hood that vents to the outdoors—
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poput snažnog aspiratora, koja odvodi vazduh napolje
03:22
and switching from gas to electric will also go a long way.
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i prelazak sa gasnih na električne šporete takođe može značajno doprineti.
03:25
Electric appliances are less dangerous by another significant metric:
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Električni uređaji su manje opasni čemu svedoči još jedan pokazatelj:
03:29
the global climate.
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globalna klima.
03:31
Burning fossil fuels like natural gas
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Sagorevanje fosilnih goriva poput prirodnog gasa
03:33
releases atmosphere-warming carbon dioxide,
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oslobađa ugljen-dioksid koji zagreva atmosferu,
03:36
and gas ranges can also leak methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas.
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a gasni šporeti mogu proizvesti i metan, još snažniji gas staklene bašte.
03:42
Electric appliances, meanwhile,
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Ujedno, električne uređaje
03:43
should only become more and more climate-compatible
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treba proizvoditi tako da budu energetski efikasni
03:45
as grids transition to renewable energy sources.
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kako se energetske mreže prebacuju na obnovljive izvore energije.
03:49
In addition to being better for the climate and public health,
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Pored toga što su bolji za klimu i javno zdravlje,
03:52
electric induction stoves tend to rival or outperform all other stove types—
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indukcioni električni šporeti uglavnom nadmašuju sve druge tipove šporeta—
03:56
electric and gas— when it comes to cooking efficiency and ease of cleaning.
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električne i gasne— kada je u pitanju efikasnost kuvanja i lakoća održavanja.
04:00
Induction stovetops also only heat things
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Indukcione ploče takođe greju samo ono što
04:02
that respond strongly to their magnetic fields,
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reaguje na njihove magnetne talase,
04:04
so you can’t burn yourself on them directly.
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tako da je gotovo nemoguće direktno se opeći na njih.
04:07
Given the considerable health and climate concerns around gas appliances,
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Uzimajući u obzir zdravstvena i klimatska pitanja oko gasnih uređaja,
04:11
some governments have banned them from new developments
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pojedine vlade su ih zabranile u novim projektima,
04:13
and many are helping subsidize the transition from gas to electric.
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a mnoge pomažu subvencionisanjem prelaska sa gasnih na električne.
04:17
Knives will probably be staying the same, though,
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Noževi će, nažlost, verovatno ostati isti,
04:19
so please stop stabbing at avocados while they’re in your hand.
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pa vas molimo da ne ubadate avokado nožem dok ga držite u ruci.
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