The dark history of the overthrow of Hawaii - Sydney Iaukea

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

It was January 16th, 1895.

Bio je 16. januar 1895. godine.

Two men arrived at Lili’uokalani’s door, arrested her,

Dva muškarca su došla na vrata Lilijuokalani, uhapsili je

and led her to the room where she would be imprisoned.

i odveli u sobu u kojoj će biti zatočena.

A group had recently seized power and now confiscated her diaries,

Grupa je nedavno preuzela vlast i sada su joj konfiskovali dnevnike,

ransacked her house, claimed her lands, and hid her away.

pretresli kuću, oduzeli zemlju, a nju su sklonili na skriveno mesto.

Lili’uokalani was Hawaii’s queen.

Lilijuokalani je bila kraljica Havaja.

And she ruled through one of the most turbulent periods of its history.

A vladala je tokom najturbulentnijeg perioda u njihovoj istoriji.

75 years earlier, American missionaries first arrived in Hawaii.

Pre 75 godina, američki misionari su prvi put stigli na Havaje.

They quickly amassed power, building businesses

Brzo su prigrabili moć, gradeći firme

and claiming arable land that they transformed into plantations.

i otimajući obradivu zemlju koju su pretvarali u plantaže.

They worked closely with the ali’i,

Blisko su sarađivali sa ali’i

or sacred Hawaiian nobility closely linked to the Gods.

tj. svetim havajskim plemstvom koje je bilo u bliskoj vezi s bogovima.

The ali’i appointed missionaries to government roles

Ali’i su postavljali misionare na vladine pozicije

where they helped establish Hawaii as a sovereign kingdom

gde su pomogli u uspostavljanju Havaja kao suverenog kraljevstva

with a constitutional monarchy.

sa ustavnom monarhijom.

But once certain business opportunities emerged—

Međutim, čim su iskrsle određene poslovne prilike -

namely, the prospect of exporting sugar to the US tariff-free—

pre svega, izgledi za izvoz šećera u SAD oslobođenog carine -

some of their descendants shifted positions.

neki od njihovih potomaka su promenili stranu.

They formed a political group known as “the Missionary Party”

Osnovali su političku grupu poznatu kao „Partija misionara”

and began plotting to annex Hawaii, bringing it under US control.

i započeli su da kuju planove za aneksiju Havaja pod kontrolom SAD-a.

Lili’uokalani and her siblings were born into an ali’i family.

Lilijuokalani i njena braća su rođeni u porodici ali’i.

In 1874, her brother, Kalākaua, ascended the throne,

Godine 1874, njen brat Kalakua se popeo na presto,

but thirteen years into his reign, the emerging threat crystallized.

ali u 13. godini njegove vladavine se iskristalisala nadolazeća pretnja.

The Missionary Party called a meeting where an all-white militia surrounded

Partija misionara je sazvala sastanak na kom je skroz belačka milicija opkolila

and forced the king to sign new legislation.

i naterala kralja da potpiše novo zakonodavstvo.

Later called the Bayonet Constitution,

Kasnije nazvan Ustavom bajoneta,

it stripped Native Hawaiians of their rights,

ukinuo je prava domorodačkih Havajaca,

diminished the monarchy’s power,

umanjio moć monarhije

and ceded control to this group of white businessmen.

i ustupio kontrolu ovoj grupi belačkih biznismena.

Four years later, King Kalākaua died,

Četiri godine kasnije, kralj Kalakua je umro,

heartbroken, Lili’uokalani said,

skrhana, Lilijuokalani je izjavila:

“by the base ingratitude of the very persons whose fortunes he had made.”

„zbog nezahvalnosti baš onih za čije je bogatsvo zaslužan.”

Prepared to fight, she assumed the throne.

Spremna za borbu, preuzela je presto.

Despite death threats and rumors of insurgency,

Uprkos pretnjama smrću i glasinama o pobuni,

Queen Lili’uokalani was determined to restore power to her people—

kraljica Lilijuokalani je bila odlučna da vrati moć svom narodu -

an estimated two thirds of whom had lost their voting rights.

od kojih su, prema procenama, dve trećine izgubile pravo glasa.

Flooded with requests for change, she authored a new constitution.

Preplavljena zahtevima za promene, napisala je novi ustav.

But before she introduced it, the so-called “Committee of Safety,”

Međutim, pre nego što ga je predstavila, takozvani Komitet za bezbednost,

a new organization that consisted of many Missionary Party members,

nova organizacija koja se sastojala od mnogih članova Partije misionara,

hatched another plot.

osmislila je novu zaveru.

Under the false pretense that this new constitution

Pod lažnim izgovorom da novi ustav

endangered American property and lives,

ugrožava američku imovinu i živote,

they staged a coup on January 17th, 1893.

organizovali su puč 17. januara 1893. godine.

More than 160 US Marines marched to the palace,

Preko 160 američkih marinaca je umarširalo u palatu,

where the “Committee of Safety” removed Queen Lili’uokalani from office.

gde je Odbor za bezbednost ukolonio kraljicu Lilijuokalani sa vlasti.

Thousands of Hawaiian people protested,

Hiljade Havajaca je protestovalo,

some wearing hat bands reading, “Aloha ’Āina,” or “love of the nation.”

neki noseći trake na šeširima sa natpisom „Aloha ’Āina,” tj. „ljubav prema naciji”.

The alleged “Provisional Government” declared Hawaii a Republic

Takozvana Privremena vlada je proglasila Havaje republikom

the following year.

naredne godine.

They proclaimed that Hawaiians couldn’t vote

Objavili su da Havajci ne mogu da glasaju

or be government employees without signing a new “oath of allegiance.”

ili da budu vladini uposlenici ukoliko ne potpišu novu „zakletvu odanosti”.

Many refused.

Mnogi su odbili.

The following year, some of Lili’uokalani’s supporters

Sledeće godine, neki od podržavalaca Lilijuokalani

attempted a counterrevolution.

pokušali su kontrarevoluciju.

The Republic responded brutally,

Republika je odgovorila brutalno,

jailing hundreds and sentencing six people to death.

uhapsivši na hiljade ljudi i osudivši šestoro na smrt.

In exchange for their release,

U zamenu za njihovu slobodu,

the Republic made Lili’uokalani sign a document

Republika je naterala Lilijuokalani da potpiše dokument

that claimed to relinquish her throne, and they imprisoned her in the palace.

u kom tvrdi da se odriče prestola, dok su nju zarobili u palati.

Under constant guard, she composed songs expressing her love for her people

Pod stalnom stražom, komponovala je pesme izražavajući ljubav prema svom narodu

and began making a patchwork quilt that told the story of her life.

i počela je da pravi mozaički jorgan koji je pripovedao o njenom životu.

While she was only allowed news that had been reviewed by her jailers,

Kako su joj jedino dozvoljavali vesti koje su pregledali njeni tamničari,

her supporters often brought her bouquets from the garden she’d dedicated to them,

njeni podržavaoci su joj donosili bukete, iz bašte koju je posvetila njima,

wrapped in newspaper.

umotane u novine.

After 8 months, Lili’uokalani was placed under house arrest.

Nakon osam meseci, Lilijuokalani je smeštena u kućni pritvor.

As soon as it was lifted, she traveled to Washington, D.C.

Čim je oslobođena, otputovala je u Vašington

with Hawaiian nationalists and over 20,000 signatures.

sa havajskim nacionalistima i preko 20 000 potpisa.

There they successfully convinced Congress to halt the Republic’s annexation treaty.

Tamo su uspešno ubedili Kongres da obustavi sporazum o aneksiji Republike.

But the following year, the Spanish-American War began.

Međutim, naredne godine je počeo Špansko-američki rat.

Seeing Hawaii as a strategic military base,

Videći Havaje kao stratešku vojnu bazu,

President William McKinley declared it a US territory on July 7th, 1898—

predsednik Vilijam Makinli ih je proglasio teritorijom SAD-a 7. jula 1898. godine -

breaking international law and devastating Queen Lili’uokalani and her people.

kršeći međunarodno pravo i razarajući kraljicu Lilijuokalani i njen narod.

She spent the rest of her life petitioning for the restoration of her lands,

Provela je ostatak života pišući molbe za vraćanje njenih zemalja,

Native Hawaiian rights, and national liberation.

kao i za prava havajskih urođenika i nacionalno oslobođenje.

When she died in 1917, these dreams were unrealized.

Kada je umrla 1917. godine ovi snovi su bili neostvareni.

A member of the group that forced Queen Lili’uokalani out of office

Član grupe koja je oterala kraljicu Lilijuokalani sa vlasti

once declared, “If we are ever to have peace and annexation

je jednom izjavio: „Ukoliko uopšte želimo da imamo mir i aneksiju

the first thing to do is obliterate the past.”

prvo moramo da satremo prošlost.”

They failed at this goal.

Omanuli su u svom naumu.

Queen Lili’uokalani left a resilient legacy:

Kraljica Lilijuokalani je ostavila nasleđe otpora:

Her commitment to her land and people never wavered

njena posvećenost svojoj zemlji i ljudima nikad nije posustala

and many Hawaiians continue to fight in her memory.

i mnogi Havajci nastavljaju da se bore u znak sećanja na nju.

Speaking of Hawaii’s children, Queen Lili’uokalani said,

Govoreći o havajskoj deci, kraljica Lilijuokalani je rekla:

“It is for them that I would give the last drop of my blood.”

„Za njih bih dala poslednju kap svoje krvi.”