How to write descriptively - Nalo Hopkinson

5,198,301 views ใƒป 2015-11-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghyun Hahn ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
We read fiction for many reasons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
To be entertained,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:12
to find out who done it,
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๋ฒ”์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:15
to travel to strange, new planets,
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๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:18
to be scared,
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๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋ ค๊ณ 
00:19
to laugh,
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00:19
to cry,
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์›ƒ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์šธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:21
to think,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:22
to feel,
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๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:23
to be so absorbed that for a while we forget where we are.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”˜์ง€๋„ ์žŠ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž ์‹œ ํ‘น ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
00:28
So, how about writing fiction?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
00:30
How do you suck your readers into your stories?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:33
With an exciting plot? Maybe.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ์š”? ์•„๋งˆ๋„์š”.
00:35
Fascinating characters? Probably.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ์š”? ์•„๋งˆ๋„์š”.
00:38
Beautiful language? Perhaps.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์š”? ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด์š”.
00:43
"Billie's legs are noodles. The ends of her hair are poison needles.
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"๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นผ์€ ๋…์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Her tongue is a bristly sponge, and her eyes are bags of bleach."
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ˜€๋Š” ๊บผ์น ๊บผ์น ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:53
Did that description almost make you feel as queasy as Billie?
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์ € ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฉ”์Šค๊ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:57
We grasp that Billie's legs aren't actually noodles.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
01:00
To Billie, they feel as limp as cooked noodles.
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๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ฉด๋ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ถ• ์ฒ˜์ ธ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:04
It's an implied comparison, a metaphor.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•จ์ถ•๋œ ๋น„๊ต์˜€์ฃ . ์€์œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:07
So, why not simply write it like this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:10
"Billie feels nauseated and weak."
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"๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์ด ๋ฉ”์Šค๊ป๊ณ  ํž˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:12
Chances are the second description wasn't as vivid to you as the first.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
01:18
The point of fiction is to cast a spell,
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์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์š”์ ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:21
a momentary illusion that you are living in the world of the story.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:25
Fiction engages the senses,
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์†Œ์„ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๊ณ 
01:28
helps us create vivid mental simulacra
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์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ
01:30
of the experiences the characters are having.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Stage and screen engage some of our senses directly.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
We see and hear the interactions of the characters and the setting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
But with prose fiction,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ ์†Œ์„ค์€
01:43
all you have is static symbols on a contrasting background.
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:47
If you describe the story in matter of fact, non-tactile language,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด‰๊ฐ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:51
the spell risks being a weak one.
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๊ทธ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์€ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Your reader may not get much beyond interpreting the squiggles.
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๋…์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ถˆํ•œ ์„ ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:57
She will understand what Billie feels like,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:00
but she won't feel what Billie feels.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:03
She'll be reading, not immersed in the world of the story,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:07
discovering the truths of Billie's life at the same time that Billie herself does.
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๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:12
Fiction plays with our senses:
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์†Œ์„ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”:
02:15
taste,
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๋ง›์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
02:16
smell,
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๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ 
02:17
touch,
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๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ 
02:18
hearing,
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๋“ฃ๊ณ 
02:19
sight,
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๋ณด๊ณ 
02:21
and the sense of motion.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
02:23
It also plays with our ability to abstract and make complex associations.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์ฃ .
02:28
Look at the following sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:30
"The world was ghost-quiet,
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"์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋›์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€
02:32
except for the crack of sails and the burbling of water against hull."
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์„ ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ซํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ๋“ฏ ์กฐ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:38
The words, "quiet," "crack," and "burbling,"
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"์กฐ์šฉํ•œ", "์‚๊ฑฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ", "๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ"๋Š”
02:40
engage the sense of hearing.
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๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์ฃ .
02:43
Notice that Buckell doesn't use the generic word sound.
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๋ฒ„์ผˆ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์•„์š”.
02:47
Each word he chooses evokes a particular quality of sound.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๊ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Then, like an artist laying on washes of color
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์งˆ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค
02:56
to give the sense of texture to a painting,
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์ƒ‰์„ ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:59
he adds anoter layer, motion, "the crack of sails,"
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋›์˜ ์‚๊ฑฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ
03:03
and touch, "the burbling of water against hull."
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"์„ ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ซํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์ถœ๋ ์ž„"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Finally, he gives us an abstract connection
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ๋“ฏ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:11
by linking the word quiet with the word ghost.
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Not "quiet as a ghost,"
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"๊ท€์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์กฐ์šฉํ•จ"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:16
which would put a distancing layer of simile
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
03:18
between the reader and the experience.
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๋น„์œ ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:21
Instead, Buckell creates the metaphor "ghost-quiet"
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๋ฒ„์ผˆ์€ "๊ท€์‹ -์กฐ์šฉํ•จ"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
03:25
for an implied, rather than overt, comparison.
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๋ช…์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต๋˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•จ์ถ•๋œ ์€์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Writers are always told to avoid cliches
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๊ธ€์“ด์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง„๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
because there's very little engagement for the reader in an overused image,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:36
such as "red as a rose."
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"์žฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ™์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ„" ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:38
But give them,
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:39
"Love...began on a beach.
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"์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:42
It began that day when Jacob saw Anette in her stewed-cherry dress,"
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์ œ์ด์ฝฅ์ด ๋“์ธ ์ฒด๋ฆฌ์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ์—๋„ท์„ ๋ณธ ๋‚  ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:47
and their brains engage in the absorbing task
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋“์ธ ์ฒด๋ฆฌ์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด์ง€
03:49
of figuring out what a stewed-cherry dress is like.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Suddenly, they're on a beach about to fall in love.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:56
They're experiencing the story at both a visceral and a conceptual level,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
meeting the writer halfway in the imaginative play
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์ƒ์ƒ์†์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:04
of creating a dynamic world of the senses.
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So when you write, use well-chosen words
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
04:11
to engage sound, sight, taste, touch, smell, and movement.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์‹œ์•ผ, ๋ง›๋ณด๊ธฐ, ๋งŒ์ง€๊ธฐ, ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ, ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:16
Then create unexpected connotations among your story elements,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜ ํ•จ์ถœ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:20
and set your readers' brushfire imaginations alight.
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๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ์— ๋ถˆ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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