The origins of ballet - Jennifer Tortorello and Adrienne Westwood

1,085,908 views ใƒป 2016-03-07

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seonah Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:09
Can you imagine a party where every movement,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ชธ์ง“๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:12
from the slightest gesture to walking across the room,
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00:15
and every visual detail,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ
00:17
from furniture to hemline length,
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์น˜๋งˆ ๊ธธ์ด๊นŒ์ง€
00:19
were governed by a complex system of rules and procedures?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
00:24
For centuries, such rituals were commonplace for European nobility.
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์‹์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ท€์กฑ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And while they've gone out of fashion,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
00:30
we recognize the components under a familiar label:
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๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๋ช…์นญ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:34
ballet.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Ballet, from Italian "balletto," or little dance,
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์–ด "balletto"์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ '์ž‘์€ ๋Œ„์Šค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋Š”
00:40
originated in Renaissance Italy as a combination of social dance
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๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต๋Œ„์Šค์™€
00:44
and choreographed display at aristocratic gatherings.
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๊ท€์กฑ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฌด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
In many aspects, it was a way of controlling people in court
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ถ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
00:53
with acceptable forms of behavior,
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ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
such as the manner in which people stepped, bowed, or took someone's hand.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ฑท๊ณ , ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์†์„ ์žก๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:00
It also involved rules governing everything from attire
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๊ทธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™•์˜ ์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž…์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:03
to where one could walk or sit in relation to the King.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Over time, the study of ballet became a central element of court life,
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์ฐจ์ธฐ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์•  ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถ์ • ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:13
and proper grasp of the etiquette could make or break one's success as a courtier.
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๊ถ์ •์˜ˆ์ ˆ์€ ์™•์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํŒ๊ฐ€๋ฆ„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Many of these court gestures can still be seen in modern ballet techniques.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ถ์ • ํ–‰๋™์–‘์‹์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ฃ .
01:24
Ballet was brought to France in the 16th century
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋Š” 16์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
by Catherine de' Medici,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์™• ์•™๋ฆฌ 2์„ธ์˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถœ์‹  ์™•๋น„์ธ
01:29
the Italian wife of King Henry II.
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์นดํŠธ๋ฆฐ๋Š ๋“œ ๋ฉ”๋””์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
01:32
As celebrations became more lavish, so did the dance,
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์ถ•์ „์ด ํ™”๋ คํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ถค๋„ ํ™”๋ คํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
with dancing masters teaching elaborate steps to young nobles
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๋ฌด์šฉ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ Š์€ ๊ท€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์Šคํ…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ 
01:39
and story elements providing a unifying theme.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ํ…Œ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
The focus shifted from participation to performance,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:47
and the form acquired more theatrical trappings,
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ํ˜•์‹๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
such as professionally designed sets
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ
01:53
and a slightly raised platform or stage with curtains and wings.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ปคํŠผ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ..
01:58
But it was in the 17th century court of Louis XIV
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 17์„ธ๊ธฐ, ๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ ๊ถ์ •์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
02:02
that ballet was refined into the art we know today.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Louis himself had been trained in ballet from childhood.
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๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
His early role as the sun god Apollo at age fifteen
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 15์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์‹  ์•„ํด๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:14
cemented the central role ballet would play during his reign.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It also earned him the title of Sun King,
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์•  ํƒœ์–‘์™•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…๋„ ์–ป์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:21
with his splendid golden costume and choreography
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋ฌด๊ฐ€
02:24
that promoted the idea of the king as a divinely ordained ruler.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Louis would go on to perform 80 roles in 40 major ballets,
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๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ๋Š” 40๊ฐœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ 80๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
either as a majestic lead,
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์œ„์—„์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:35
or sometimes playing minor or comedic parts
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฃผ์—ฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:37
before emerging in the lead role as the end.
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์กฐ์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
He trained daily in ballet,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŽœ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ์Šน๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:43
as well as fencing and riding,
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
and through his example,
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
02:46
dancing became an essential skill for all gentlemen of the era.
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๋ฌด์šฉ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:51
But Louis XIV's main contribution to ballet was not as a performer.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์—…์ ์€ ๋ฌด์šฉ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:55
His founding of the Royal Academy of Dance in 1661
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1661๋…„ ์™•์‹ค ๋ฌด์šฉ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ 
02:59
shifted control of ballet from local guilds to the royal court.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ถ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
As director,
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์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š”
03:06
he appointed his personal ballet master and frequent performance partner
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด์ž ๊ณต์—ฐ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ธ
03:10
Pierre Beauchamp,
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ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ๋ณด์ƒน์„ ์ž„๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
who codified the five main positions of the body still used today.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๋ฐœ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
03:16
Through is collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully,
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์™•์‹ค ์Œ์•… ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ
03:20
the director of the Royal Music Academy,
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์žฅ ๋ฐ”์Šคํ‹ฐ์Šค ๋ฅ„๋ฆฌ
03:22
and famed playwright Moliรจre,
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ์—๋ฅด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:24
Beauchamp helped establish ballet as a grand spectacle.
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๋ณด์ƒน์€ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์›…์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:28
And in 1669, a separate ballet academy was founded.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1669๋…„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The Paris Opera Ballet survives today as the oldest ballet company in the world.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋‹จ์€ ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋‹จ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Ballet moved away from the royal court to the theater
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๊ถ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทน์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
03:42
and survived the democratic revolutions and reforms
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๊ทธ ํ›„, ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ
03:46
that followed over the next century.
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๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
With the advent of the romantic movement,
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๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
03:51
fantasy and folklore themes became common motifs.
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๋™ํ™”์™€ ์ „ํ†ต์„คํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
And though the influence of ballet in France would decline,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:58
other countries, such as Russia,
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
04:00
would play a major role in its further development.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์ค‘์ถ”์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Fortunately, today most of us don't have to learn a complicated set of steps
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต๋ชจ์ž„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:07
just to socialize at a wedding.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๋ฐœ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:09
Instead, we can go to the theater to see professionals
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ฌด์šฉ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
who spend their lives training rigorously
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๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ์˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„
04:15
to perform feats that would have been unimagineable in Louis XIV's day.
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ํ•œ ํ‰์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์†œ์”จ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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