What is consciousness? - Michael S. A. Graziano

1,562,642 views ใƒป 2019-02-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seona Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Won Jang
00:06
Here are two images of a house.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง‘์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
Thereโ€™s one obvious difference,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:11
but to this patient, P.S.,
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์ด P.S.๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
00:13
they looked completely identical.
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๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
P.S. had suffered a stroke that damaged the right side of her brain,
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P.S.๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์„ ์•“์•„ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:20
leaving her unaware of everything on her left side.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
But though she could discern no difference between the houses,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:27
when researchers asked her which she would prefer to live in,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋А ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:30
she chose the house that wasnโ€™t burningโ€”
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถˆํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ๊ณจ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
not once, but again and again.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:36
P.S.โ€™s brain was still processing information
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P.S.์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์‹œ์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:40
from her whole field of vision.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
She could see both images
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:44
and tell the difference between them,
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๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜
00:46
she just didnโ€™t know it.
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์ž์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:47
If someone threw a ball at her left side,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ณต์„ ๋˜์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:50
she might duck.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But she wouldnโ€™t have any awareness of the ball,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
00:54
or any idea why she ducked.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ํ”ผํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
P.S.โ€™s condition,
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P.S.์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š”
00:58
known as hemispatial neglect,
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ํŽธ์ธก ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:01
reveals an important distinction between the brainโ€™s processing of information
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
01:05
and our experience of that processing.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
That experience is what we call consciousness.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We are conscious of both the external world and our internal selvesโ€”
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
we are aware of an image
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
01:19
in much the same way we are aware of ourselves looking at an image,
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:23
or our inner thoughts and emotions.
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๋‚ด์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
But where does consciousness come from?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜์‹์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:28
Scientists, theologians, and philosophers
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๊ณผํ•™์ž, ์‹ ํ•™์ž, ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
01:31
have been trying to get to the bottom of this question for centuriesโ€”
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜
01:35
without reaching any consensus.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
One recent theory is that
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:39
consciousness is the brainโ€™s imperfect picture of its own activity.
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์˜์‹์ด๋ž€ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
To understand this theory,
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:46
it helps to have a clear idea
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
of one important way the brain processes information from our senses.
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01:52
Based on sensory input,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ
01:54
it builds models,
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๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:55
which are continuously updating, simplified descriptions
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋˜๋Š”
01:59
of objects and events in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Everything we know is based on these models.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
They never capture every detail of the things they describe,
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๋ชจ๋ธ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:09
just enough for the brain to determine appropriate responses.
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
For instance, one model built deep into the visual system
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
02:16
codes white light as brightness without color.
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ํฐ ๋น›์„ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
In reality,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€,
02:21
white light includes wavelengths
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ํฐ ๋น›์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
02:22
that correspond to all the different colors we can see.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Our perception of white light is wrong and oversimplified,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฐ ๋น›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:30
but good enough for us to function.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Likewise, the brainโ€™s model of the physical body
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
02:35
keeps track of the configuration of our limbs,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:37
but not of individual cells or even muscles,
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๊ฐ ๊ทผ์œก์ด๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒ™ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
because that level of information isnโ€™t needed to plan movement.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
If it didnโ€™t have the model keeping track of the bodyโ€™s size, shape,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‡Œ์— ๋ชธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชจ์–‘,
02:48
and how it is moving at any moment,
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์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:50
we would quickly injure ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
The brain also needs models of itself.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
02:56
the brain has the ability to pay attention to specific objects and events.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
It also controls that focus,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:03
shifting it from one thing to another,
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
03:05
internal and external,
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์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ
03:06
according to our needs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Without the ability to direct our focus,
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์ง‘์ค‘ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:10
we wouldnโ€™t be able to assess threats, finish a meal, or function at all.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
To control focus effectively,
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์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:17
the brain has to construct a model of its own attention.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
With 86 billion neurons constantly interacting with each other,
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860์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:24
thereโ€™s no way the brainโ€™s model of its own information processing
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
๋‡Œ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
can be perfectly self-descriptive.
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03:31
But like the model of the body,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:32
or our conception of white light,
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๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฐ ๋น›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:34
it doesnโ€™t have to be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Our certainty that we have a metaphysical, subjective experience
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์€
03:40
may come from one of the brainโ€™s models,
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๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
a cut-corner description of what it means to process information
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์ฆ‰ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:46
in a focused and deep manner.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๋œ ์„ค๋ช… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:49
Scientists have already begun trying to figure out
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:51
how the brain creates that self model.
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๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
MRI studies are a promising avenue for pinpointing the networks involved.
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MRI ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
These studies compare patterns of neural activation
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์„ ์˜์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์˜
04:02
when someone is and isnโ€™t conscious of a sensory stimulus, like an image.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
The results show that the areas needed for visual processing
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์€
04:10
are activated whether or not the participant is aware of the image,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
04:14
but a whole additional network lights up
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋“ค์ด
04:17
only when they are conscious of seeing the image.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Patients with hemispatial neglect, like P.S.,
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P.S.์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽธ์ธก ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์‹œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
04:24
typically have damage to one particular part of this network.
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์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
More extensive damage to the network can sometimes lead to a vegetative state,
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์ž…๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์†์ƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:32
with no sign of consciousness.
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์˜์‹์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Evidence like this brings us closer to understanding
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์˜์‹์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:38
how consciousness is built into the brain,
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04:41
but thereโ€™s still much more to learn.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
For instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:44
the way neurons in the networks related to consciousness
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์˜์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ๋“ค์ด
04:46
compute specific pieces of information
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:49
is outside the scope of our current technology.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
As we approach questions of consciousness with science,
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์˜์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:55
weโ€™ll open new lines of inquiry into human identity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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