Why should you read Tolstoy's "War and Peace"? - Brendan Pelsue

5,184,247 views ・ 2017-04-27

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minseo Jeong κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
"War and Peace,"
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"μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화",
00:09
a tome,
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μ±… ν•œ ꢌ,
00:10
a slog,
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고투의 μ‹œκ°„,
00:11
the sort of book you shouldn't read in bed because if you fall asleep,
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이런 책을 μΉ¨λŒ€μ—μ„œ 읽진 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œκ² μ£ ?
00:14
it could give you a concussion, right?
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읽닀가 μž λ“€μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λ©΄ λ‡Œμ§„νƒ•μ— 걸릴지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μž–μ•„μš”.
00:17
Only partly.
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μΌλΆ€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ² μ£ .
00:19
"War and Peace" is a long book, sure,
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λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ£ . "μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"λŠ” κΈ΄ μ±…μ΄μ—μš”.
00:21
but it's also a thrilling examination of history,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 슀릴있게 역사λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 책이죠.
00:24
populated with some of the deepest, most realistic characters you'll find anywhere.
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μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“ μ§€ κ°€μž₯ 깊고 ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ 인물듀을 λ§Œλ‚˜λ³΄μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
And if its length intimidates you, just image how poor Tolstoy felt.
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λΆ„λŸ‰μ΄ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 겁을 μ€€λ‹€λ©΄ ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄κ°€ μŠ¬νΌν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”
00:35
In 1863, he set out to write a short novel about a political dissident
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1863λ…„, κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹œλ² λ¦¬μ•„ 망λͺ…μ—μ„œ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” λ°˜μ •λΆ€ μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ
00:39
returning from exile in Siberia.
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짧은 μ†Œμ„€μ„ μ“°λ €κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
Five years later, he had produced a 1,200 page epic
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5λ…„ λ’€, κ·ΈλŠ” 1200νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμ‚¬μ‹œλ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
featuring love stories,
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그쀑엔 μ‚¬λž‘ 이야기
00:47
battlefields,
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00:47
bankruptcies,
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μ „μŸ 이야기
νŒŒμ‚°
00:48
firing squads,
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사격 λΆ€λŒ€
00:49
religious visions,
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쒅ꡐ
00:51
the burning of Moscow,
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λΆˆνƒ€λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ°”
00:52
and a semi-domesticated bear,
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그리고 λ°˜μ‚¬μœ‘μƒνƒœμ˜ κ³°κΉŒμ§€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
but no exile and no political dissidents.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 망λͺ…κ³Ό λ°˜μ •λΆ€μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 건 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Here's how it happened.
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무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”
00:58
Tolstoy, a volcanic soul,
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화산같은 μ„±κ²©μ˜ ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λŠ”
01:00
was born to a famously eccentric aristocratic family in 1828.
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유λͺ…ν•˜κ³ λ„ λ³„λ‚œ κ·€μ‘± μ§‘μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 1828년에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
By the time he was 30, he had already dropped out of Kazan University,
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μ„œλ₯Έμ΄ λ˜κΈ°λ„ 전에 κ·ΈλŠ” 이미 μΉ΄μ  λŒ€ν•™κ΅λ₯Ό μ€‘ν‡΄ν–ˆκ³ 
01:09
gambled away the family fortune,
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μ§‘μ•ˆ μž¬μ‚°μ„ νƒ•μ§„ν–ˆκ³ 
01:11
joined the army,
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κ΅°λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°”κ³ 
01:12
written memoirs,
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νšŒκ³ λ‘λ„ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
and rejected the literary establishment to travel Europe.
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μœ λŸ½μ— κ°€κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Έν•™μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ„ κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
He then settled into Yasnaya Polyana, his ancestral mansion,
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그리곀 μ•ΌμŠ€λ‚˜μ•Όν΄λΌλ‚˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‘°μƒλ‹˜μ˜ λŒ€μ €νƒμ— μ •μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
to write about the return of the Decembrists,
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데카브리슀트의 κ·€ν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 글을 μ“°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
01:23
a band of well-born revolutionaries pardoned in 1856 after 30 years in exile.
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λ°μΉ΄λΈŒλ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈλŠ” 30λ…„μ˜ 망λͺ… 뒀에 사면받은 μœ λ³΅ν•œ μ§‘μ•ˆμ˜ 혁λͺ…κ°€ μ§‘λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
But, Tolstoy thought,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λŠ” μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
how could he tell the story of the Decembrists return from exile
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 데카브리슀트의 망λͺ… ν›„ κ·€ν™˜μ„
01:34
without telling the story of 1825,
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보수주의의 λ‹ˆμ½œλΌμŠ€ 1세에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ°˜λž€μ„ 일으켰던
01:37
when they revolted against the conservative Tsar Nicholas I?
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1825년을 λΉΌκ³  이야기 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:41
And how could he do that without telling the story of 1812,
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그리고 λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ήμ˜ μ²˜μ°Έν•œ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 침곡이 κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄μ„œ
01:44
when Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia
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데카브리슀트의 λ°˜ν•­μ‹¬μ„ μžκ·Ήν–ˆλ˜
01:47
helped trigger the authoritarianism the Decembrists were rebelling against?
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1812λ…„μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λΉΌκ³  이야기 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:52
And how could he tell the story of 1812 without talking about 1805,
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그리고 이 1812λ…„μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„κ°€ μ•„μš°μŠ€ν„°λ¦¬μΈ  μ „νˆ¬μ— 진 ν›„
01:56
when the Russians first learned of the threat Napoleon posed
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λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ήμ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μ„ 처음으둜 λŠλ‚€
01:59
after their defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz?
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1805년을 λΉΌκ³  이야기 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ λΌκ³ μš”.
02:03
So Tolstoy began writing,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λŠ”
02:04
both about the big events of history
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큰 역사적 사건과
02:06
and the small lives that inhabit those events.
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κ·Έ 사건 μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ†Œμ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
He focused on aristocrats, the class he knew best.
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έκ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 쀑 제일인 귀쑱측에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
The book only occasionally touches
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κ·Έ 책은 κ°€λ”μ”©λ§Œ
02:13
on the lives of the vast majority of the Russian population,
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 인ꡬ의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
02:17
who were peasants, or even serfs,
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μ†Œμž‘λ†μ΄λ‚˜ 농노,
02:18
farmers bound to serve the owners of the land on which they lived.
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μ‚΄κ³ μžˆλŠ” λ•…μ˜ 주인을 μœ„ν•΄ 일해야 ν•˜λŠ” 농뢀듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
"War and Peace" opens on the eve of war between France and Russia.
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"μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€-λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ „μŸμ˜ μ „λ‚  λ°€μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
Aristocrats at a cocktail party fret about the looming violence,
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μΉ΅ν…ŒμΌ νŒŒν‹°μ˜ 귀쑱듀은 λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ 폭λ ₯에 λ‘λ €μ›Œ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:31
but then change the topic to those things aristocrats always seem to care about:
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곧 그듀이 항상 κ±±μ •ν•˜λŠ” 주제둜 이야기λ₯Ό μ „ν™˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
money,
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돈
02:35
sex,
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μ„ΉμŠ€
02:36
and death.
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μ£½μŒκ°™μ€ 것이죠.
02:37
This first scene is indicative
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첫 번째 μž₯면은
02:39
of the way the book bounces between the political and personal
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이 책이 μ •μΉ˜μ™€ 개인 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 넓은 화폭 사이을
02:42
over an ever-widening canvas.
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λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹¨ 것을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
There are no main characters in "War and Peace."
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"μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"μ—λŠ” 주인곡이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Instead, readers enter a vast interlocking web
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— λ…μžλ“€μ€ 관계와 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ
02:50
of relationships and questions.
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연쇄그물에 λΉ μ Έλ“€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Will the hapless and illegitimate son of a count
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ν•œ λ°±μž‘μ˜ λΆˆν–‰ν•œ 아듀이
02:55
marry a beautiful but conniving princess?
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅μ§€λ§Œ 남을 μŒν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 곡주와 κ²°ν˜Όν•  것인가?
02:58
Will his only friend survive the battlefields of Austria?
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그의 μœ μΌν•œ μΉœκ΅¬λŠ” μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μ „μž₯μ—μ„œ 살아남을 것인가?
03:01
And what about that nice young girl falling in love with both men at once?
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그리고 어리고 예쁜 μ†Œλ…€λŠ” 두 λ‚¨μžμ™€ λ™μ‹œμ— μ‚¬λž‘μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€?
03:06
Real historical figures mix and mingle with all these fictional folk,
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역사적 사싀듀이 이런 κ°€μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λ’€μ„žμ΄κ³ 
03:10
Napoleon appears several times,
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λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ήλ„ λͺ‡μ°¨λ‘€ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
and even one of Tolstoy's ancestors plays a background part.
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심지어 ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄μ˜ 쑰상 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ’·μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
But while the characters and their psychologies are gripping,
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인물과 κ·Έ μ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” λˆˆμ„ λ—„ 수 없이 μž¬λ―Έμžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:20
Tolstoy is not afraid to interrupt the narrative
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ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λŠ” 역사에 λŒ€ν•œ 톡찰λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§€λŠ”
03:22
to pose insightful questions about history.
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μ„œμˆ μžλ₯Ό μ€‘λ‹¨μ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Why do wars start?
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μ „μŸμ€ μ™œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€
03:27
What are good battlefield tactics?
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쒋은 μ „μŸ μ „μˆ μ€ 무엇인가?
03:29
Do nations rise and fall on the actions of so-called great men like Napoleon,
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ή 같은 μ˜μ›…μ˜ 행동에 μ˜ν•΄ 뜨고 μ§€λŠ”κ°€?
03:35
or are there larger cultural and economic forces at play?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 더 큰 문화적, 경제적 힘이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”κ°€
03:38
These extended digressions are part of what make "War and Peace"
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이런 ν™•μž₯된 여담듀은 "μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"λ₯Ό
03:41
so panoramic in scope.
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νŒŒλ…ΈλΌλ§ˆμ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
But for some 19th century critics,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 19μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 비평가듀에겐
03:45
this meant "War and Peace" barely felt like a novel at all.
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이것이 "μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"κ°€ μ†Œμ„€μ²˜λŸΌ λŠκ»΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
It was a "large, loose, baggy monster," in the words of Henry James.
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헨리 μ œμž„μŠ€λŠ” "κΈΈκ³ , μ§€λ£¨ν•˜κ³ , λŠ˜μ–΄μ§„ κ΄΄λ¬Ό κ°™λ‹€"라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Tolstoy, in fact, agreed.
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ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λ„ 사싀 μΈμ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
To him, novels were a western European form.
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κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ†Œμ„€μ΄λž€ μ„œμœ λŸ½μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μΌ λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Russian writers had to write differently because Russian people lived differently.
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μ¨μ•Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œλƒλ©΄ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚΄μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:05
"What is 'War and Peace'?" he asked.
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"μ „μŸκ³Ό ν‰ν™”λž€ 무엇인가"라고 κ·ΈλŠ” λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
"It is not a novel.
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μ†Œμ„€μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
04:08
Still less an epic poem.
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μ„œμ‚¬μ‹œλŠ” λ”λ”μš± μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
04:10
Still less a historical chronicle.
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역사 전기도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
'War and Peace' is what the author wanted and was able to express
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μ „μŸκ³Ό ν‰ν™”λŠ” ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄κ°€ ν‘œν˜„λœ ν˜•νƒœλŒ€λ‘œ
04:16
in the form in which it was expressed."
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ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ³ , ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
It is, in other words, the sum total of Tolstoy's imaginative powers,
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즉 이 μž‘ν’ˆμ€ ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄μ˜ 상상λ ₯의 총합
04:24
and nothing less.
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κ·Έ 이상도 μ΄ν•˜λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
By the time "War and Peace" ends,
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"μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화"κ°€ 끝날 무렡
04:28
Tolstoy has brought his characters to the year 1820,
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ν†¨μŠ€ν† μ΄λŠ” 인물듀을 1820λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ°λ €κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
36 years before the events he originally hoped to write about.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ›λž˜ μ“°κ³ μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ κ·Έ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 36λ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 말이죠.
04:37
In trying to understand his own times,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ μž
04:39
he had become immersed in the years piled up behind him.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 그의 뒀에 μŒ“μ—¬μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„λ“€μ— λͺ°λ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
The result is a grand interrogation into history,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 것에 λŒ€ν•œ μž₯μ—„ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
culture,
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역사, μ² ν•™, 심리학
04:48
philosophy,
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04:49
psychology,
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04:50
and the human response to war.
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그리고 μ „μŸμ— λŒ€ν•œ μΈκ°„μ˜ λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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