Are there universal expressions of emotion? - Sophie Zadeh

432,697 views

2018-07-03 ใƒป TED-Ed


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Are there universal expressions of emotion? - Sophie Zadeh

432,697 views ใƒป 2018-07-03

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Minhee Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Won Jang
00:07
The 40 or so muscles in the human face can be activated in different combinations
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ์•ฝ 40์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
to create thousands of expressions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€์š”.
00:14
But do these expressions look the same
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ๋„
00:16
and communicate the same meaning around the world,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ด ํ‘œ์ •๋“ค์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
00:19
regardless of culture?
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:20
Is one personโ€™s smile anotherโ€™s grimace?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒ ์ฐก๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:23
Charles Darwin theorized that emotional expression was a common human feature.
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ „์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
But he was in the minority.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Until the mid-20th century,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€,
00:33
many researchers believed that the specific ways we show emotion
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
00:37
were learned behaviors that varied across cultures.
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์–‘์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Personality theorist Silvan Tomkins was one of the few to insist otherwise.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ก ํ•™์ž ์‹ค๋ฐ˜ ํ†ฐํ‚จ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Tomkins claimed that certain affectsโ€”
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ํ†ฐํ‚จ์Šค๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตดํ‘œ์ •์€
00:47
emotional states and their associated facial expressionsโ€”
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00:50
were universal.
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๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
In the 1960s, psychologist Paul Ekman set about testing this theory
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1960๋…„๋Œ€, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ํด ์—ํฌ๋งŒ์€ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
by examining hundreds of hours of film footage
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์›์‹œ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‹ด์€
01:00
of remote tribes isolated from the modern world.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ฃŒํ™”๋ฉด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:04
Ekman found the native peoplesโ€™ expressions to be not only familiar,
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์—ํฌ๋งŒ์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตดํ‘œ์ •์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:08
but occurring in precisely the situations he would expect.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ์ •๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Conversely, he ran tests with tribes who had no prior exposure to Western culture.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์„œ์–‘๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:18
They were able to correctly match photos of different facial expressions
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€
01:21
with stories designed to trigger particular feelings.
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Over the next few decades,
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์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„,
01:27
further research has corroborated Darwinโ€™s idea
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
that some of our most important emotional expressions are in fact universal.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์ •ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:34
The degrees of expression appropriate to a given situation can, however,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š”
01:38
vary greatly across cultures.
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
For instance, researchers have studied facial expression
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
01:43
in people who are born blind,
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:45
hypothesizing that if expressions are universal,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ์ •ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
01:48
they would be displayed in the same way as sighted people.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
In one study, both blind and sighted athletes
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ์„ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์•ž์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
01:55
displayed the same expressions of emotion when winning or losing their matches.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Further evidence can be found in our evolutionary relatives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง„ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Comparisons of facial expression between humans and non-human mammals
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด
02:07
have found similarities in the structure and movement of facial muscles.
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Chimpanzee laughter looks different from ours,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:14
but uses some of the same muscle movements.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Back in the 60s, Ekman identified six core expressions.
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1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ์—ํฌ๋งŒ์€ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Anger is accompanied by lowered eyebrows drawn together,
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š” ์ฐŒํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๋ˆˆ์น
02:25
tense and narrowed eyes,
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๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ณ  ์ข์€ ๋ˆˆ
02:27
and tight lips;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊พน ๋‹ค๋ฌธ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ณ ,
02:28
disgust, by the lips pulled up and the nose crinkling.
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ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ž…์„ ์œ„๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์ฐก๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:33
In fear, the upper white of the eyes are revealed as the eyebrows raise
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๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์น์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์œ„์ชฝ ํฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
02:38
and the mouth stretches open,
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์ž…์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
while surprise looks similar,
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์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:42
but with rounded eyebrows and relaxed lips.
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๋†€๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์น์ด ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ์ž…์ˆ ์— ํž˜์ด ํ’€๋ ค์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:46
Sadness is indicated by the inner corners of the eyebrows
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์Šฌํ””์€ ๋ˆˆ์น์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ ๋์ด
02:49
being drawn inwards and upwards,
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์•ˆ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ 
02:51
drooping eyes,
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๋ˆˆ์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ณ์ง€๊ณ 
02:52
and a downturned mouth.
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์ž…๋„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
And of course thereโ€™s happiness:
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ–‰๋ณต๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:56
lips drawn up and back,
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ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์ž…์ด ์œ„์ชฝ๊ณผ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ 
02:58
and raised cheeks causing wrinkling around the eyes.
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๋บจ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ˆˆ๊ฐ€์— ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
More recently, researchers have proposed additional entries
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค๋„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
such as contempt,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์ด๋‚˜
03:06
shame,
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์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ
03:07
and disapproval,
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๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:09
but opinions vary on how distinct boundaries
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:11
between these categories can be drawn.
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์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
So if Ekman and other researchers are correct,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ํฌ๋งŒ๊ณผ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:17
what makes certain expressions universal?
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:20
And why are they expressed in these particular ways?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:23
Scientists have a lot of theories rooted in our evolutionary history.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
One is that certain expressions are important for survival.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ‘œ์ •๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Fear and surprise could signal to others an immediate danger.
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๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋†€๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Studies of humans and some other primates
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
03:37
have found that we pay more attention to faces that signal threats
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์—
ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
over neutral faces,
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03:42
particularly when weโ€™re already on high alert.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Expressions also could help improve group fitness
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ํ‘œ์ •์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋” ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
by communicating our internal states to those around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์  ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:51
Sadness, for example, signals to the group that somethingโ€™s wrong.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์Šฌํ””์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Thereโ€™s some evidence that expressions
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ํ‘œ์ •์ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
might be even more directly linked to our physiology.
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04:01
The fear expression, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณตํฌ ํ‘œ์ •์€
04:03
could directly improve survival in potentially dangerous situations
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
by letting our eyes absorb more light
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œฌ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
04:09
and our lungs take in more air, preparing us to fight or flee.
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ํ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”์„œ, ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ง์น  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:14
Thereโ€™s still much research to be done in understanding emotional expression,
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๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
particularly as we learn more about the inner workings of the brain.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:21
But if you ever find yourself among strangers in a strange land,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:25
a friendly smile could go a long way.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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