The Chinese myth of the meddling monk - Shunan Teng

2,703,993 views ใƒป 2019-05-23

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:07
Xu Xian had just received yet another invitation
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื–ืžื ื”
00:10
to the opening ceremony of the new Jin Shan Temple.
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ืœื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื’'ื™ืŸ ืฉืืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
00:13
His wife, Bai Su Zhen,
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ืืฉืชื•, ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ,
00:15
had warned him not to attend.
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ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ.
00:17
Since she was in fact a benevolent white snake spirit in human form,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ื— ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื ื•ืฉ,
00:21
their marriage had already weathered attacks by meddling monks.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื.
00:24
But devout Buddhist that he was,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ ืžืกื•ืจ,
00:26
Xu Xian felt obligated to make an appearance.
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข.
00:28
What they didnโ€™t know
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•
00:29
was that these invitations had come from none other than Fa Haiโ€“
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืœื ืื—ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืคื” ื”ืื™ --
00:33
the misguided monk who had tried to separate the young lovers,
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ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
00:37
almost killing Xu Xian in the process.
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืจื’ ืืช ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
00:39
The monk confronted Xu Xian,
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ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ,
00:41
telling him that because he consorted with a demon,
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืกืง ืขื ืฉื“,
00:44
he must remain at the monastery and cleanse his soul.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื ื–ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื•.
00:47
Xu Xian protested,
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ืžื—ื”,
00:48
but Fa Hai would not let him escape.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื” ื”ืื™ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื—.
00:51
At home, Bai Su Zhen was uneasy.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ื—.
00:53
Her husband had departed so quickly
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ื‘ืขืœื” ื™ืฆื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
00:55
that she hadnโ€™t been able to tell him she was pregnant with his child.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื.
00:59
And now he had been gone so long she sensed something must be wrong.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:03
She made her way to the temple,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ,
01:04
and upon encountering Fa Hai the monk threw his prayer mat,
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ื•ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉื” ืืช ืคื” ื”ืื™, ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื–ืจืง ืืช ืžื—ืฆืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•,
01:08
which erupted into fire and smoke.
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ืฉืคืจืฆื” ื‘ืืฉ ื•ืขืฉืŸ.
01:10
Weakened from her pregnancy,
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ืžื•ื—ืœืฉืช ืžื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
01:11
Bai Su Zhen desperately summoned a fleet of shrimp soldiers and crab generals
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ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ื–ื™ืžื ื” ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฉืจื™ืžืค ื•ื’ื ืจืœื™ ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื
01:15
to subdue the monk, and waves to put out the blaze.
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ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ, ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช.
01:19
But the water also flooded the surrounding area,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
01:21
drowning many innocent villagers.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื• ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
01:24
For the first time, Bai Su Zhen had harmed humans,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:27
and she fell out of the godsโ€™ favor.
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ื•ื”ืืœื™ื ื ื˜ืจื• ืœื”.
01:30
With their blessing retracted,
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ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช,
01:32
Fa Hai attempted to trap her in his magical alms bowl.
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ืคื” ื”ืื™ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงืขืจืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืงืกื•ืžื”.
01:35
But just when all hope seemed lost,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืืคืกื”,
01:38
a bright glow came from within her belly,
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ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื˜ื ื”,
01:40
saving her from the mad monkโ€™s magic.
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืงืกื ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ.
01:43
The couple fled home,
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ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื—ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
01:44
grateful to the mysterious power that had saved them,
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ืืกื™ืจื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื,
01:47
and soon after, Bai Su Zhen gave birth to their son, Xu Shi Lin.
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื, ืฉื• ืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ.
01:51
Yet despite this joyous occasion,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื”ืžืฉืžื—,
01:53
Xu Xian was uneasy.
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื—.
01:55
He was shaken by his wifeโ€™s accidental act of destruction,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืจื“ ืžืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ืจืก ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•,
01:58
and he feared the misfortune it might bring upon their home.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื–ืœ ื”ืจืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื.
02:02
Not a month later,
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ื•ืจืง ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:03
Fa Hai appeared at their doorstep.
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ืคื” ื”ืื™ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืชื.
02:05
He offered Xu Xian an alms bowl to ensure good fortune for his newborn son.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ืงืขืจืช ื ื“ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืœื“.
02:10
Still wary of the monk,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื–ื™ืจ,
02:11
but also remembering Bai Su Zhenโ€™s destructive act,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ,
02:14
Xu Xian accepted the gift.
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื”.
02:16
But as soon as the bowl entered their home,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืงืขืจื” ื ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
02:18
it flew to Bai Su Zhenโ€™s head and trapped her inside.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืคื” ืืœ ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื›ื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”.
02:23
Against the familyโ€™s wishes,
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ื ื’ื“ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
02:25
Fa Hai buried the bowl beneath the Lei Feng Pagoda.
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ืคื” ื”ืื™ ืงื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืขืจื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื’ื•ื“ืช ืœื™ื™ ืคื ื’.
02:28
And when Xu Xian begged him to release his wife,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื•,
02:30
the monk sternly replied:
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ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื ื” ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช:
02:32
โ€œShe will be free when the iron tree blooms.โ€
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"ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื›ืฉืขืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ืคืจื—."
02:35
Overcome with guilt,
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ืžืœื ืืฉืžื”,
02:37
Xu Xian ran away to a monastery,
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ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ ืจืฅ ืœืžื ื–ืจ,
02:39
leaving Shi Lin in the care of his aunt.
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ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ืชื•.
02:41
But there was something neither of them knew.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข.
02:44
The boy was the reincarnation of Wen Qu Xing,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื• ืฉื™ื ื’,
02:47
the wisdom god,
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ืืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”,
02:48
sent to the family to reward Xu Xianโ€™s devotion.
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ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื• ืฉื™ืืŸ.
02:51
It was this power that had protected Bai Su Zhen at the temple,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ,
02:55
and as he grew, so did his wisdom.
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ื•ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœ, ื›ืš ื’ื ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื•.
02:57
At age 19, Shi Lin went to the capital city to take the nation-wide imperial exam
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19, ืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช
03:02
and obtained the highest score in all the empire.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”.
03:07
The Emperor himself bestowed Shi Linโ€™s prize:
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ื”ืงื™ื™ืกืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจืก:
03:11
an ornate hat decorated with jewel-encrusted flowers.
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ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ.
03:16
But though he returned home in glory,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื”,
03:18
the fate of his parents still weighed heavy on his mind.
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ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•.
03:21
Coaxing his father from exile,
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ื›ืฉืคื™ืชื” ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช,
03:23
Shi Lin took him to visit the Lei Feng Pagoda to pay respects to his mother.
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ืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืคื’ื•ื“ืช ืœื™ื™ ืคื ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืื™ืžื•.
03:28
Kneeling before it,
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ื›ืฉื›ืจืข ืœืคื ื™ื”,
03:29
he placed his jeweled prize on the iron tree as an offering.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขื ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื›ืžื ื—ื”.
03:33
Suddenly, the ground opened and Bai Su Zhen stepped out.
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ืื“ืžื” ื ืคืชื—ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ ืกื• ื–'ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
03:36
With her sins absolved by the tribute of a god,
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ืขื ื—ื˜ืื™ื” ืฉื ืžื—ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ื
03:38
and a blossom on the iron tree,
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ื•ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ,
03:40
Shi Lin had freed his mother,
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ืฉื™ ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืื™ืžื•,
03:42
and reunited his familyโ€“
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ื•ืื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• --
03:44
both mortal and divine.
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ื’ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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