What happens when you get heat stroke? - Douglas J. Casa

1,772,437 views ใƒป 2014-07-21

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:09
In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa,
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ื‘ 1985, ื“ืื’ืœืืก ืงืืกื” ื‘ืŸ ื” 16,
00:12
ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games.
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ืจืฅ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœ 10,000 ืžื˜ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืืžืคื™ื™ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜.
00:17
Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed,
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ืคืชืื•ื, ืขื ืจืง 200 ืžื˜ืจ ืœืกื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜,
00:21
got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway,
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ื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
00:24
with his body temperature at dangerous levels.
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ื›ืฉื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช.
00:27
He had suffered an exertional heat stroke.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืžืžืืžืฅ.
00:29
Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืžืชืื™ื,
00:32
he survived the potentially fatal episode
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื“ ืืช ืžื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
00:34
and has since helped save 167 people in similar circumstances.
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ื•ืžืื– ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 167 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
00:39
From ancient soldiers on the battlefield
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ืžื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘
00:41
to modern day warriors on the gridiron,
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ืœืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืจื’ืœ,
00:43
exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke, has long been a serious concern.
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ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืžืžืืžืฅ, ืื• ืžื›ืช ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื.
00:48
And unlike classical heat stroke, which affects vulnerable people
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
00:51
such as infants and the elderly during heat waves,
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ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื–ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื,
00:53
exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat,
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ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืžืžืืžืฅ ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืืžืฅ ืื™ื ื˜ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื,
00:57
and is one of the top three killers of athletes and soldiers in training.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.
01:01
When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืืžื ื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ 80% ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
01:05
is transformed into heat.
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ืžื•ืžืจืช ืœื—ื•ื.
01:07
In normal circumstances, this is what's known as
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข
01:09
compensable heat stress.
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ื›ืขื•ืžืก ื—ื•ื ืžืคื•ืฆื”.
01:11
And your body can dissipate the heat as quickly as it's generated
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ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืชืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ
01:14
through cooling methods like the evaporation of sweat.
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ื“ืจืš ืžื ื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืขื”.
01:17
But with uncompensable heat stress,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื—ื•ื ืœื ืžืคื•ืฆื”,
01:19
your body is unable to lose enough heat
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื•ื
01:21
due to overexertion or high temperatures in humidity,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืืžืฅ ื™ืชืจ ืื• ื˜ืžืจืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืœื—ื•ืช,
01:24
which raises your core temperature beyond normal levels.
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ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช.
01:28
This causes the proteins and cell membranes to denature,
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืจืง,
01:31
creating cells that no longer function properly
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชืื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคืงื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช
01:33
and begin to leak their contents.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:36
If these leaky cells proliferate through the body,
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ืื ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื—ืœื—ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
01:38
the results can be devastating.
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช.
01:40
Including liver damage, blood clot formation in the kidneys,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื–ืง ืœื›ื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืจื™ืฉื™ ื“ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช,
01:43
damage to the gastrointestinal tract and even the failure of vital organs.
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ื ื–ืง ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
01:48
So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืžืžืืžืฅ?
01:50
The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40 degrees Celsius
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ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืžืคื˜ื•ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืž 40 ืžืขืœื•ืช
01:54
observed along with physical symptoms
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ืฉืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืคื™ืกื™ื™ื
01:57
such as increased heart rate, low blood pressure and rapid breathing
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ื›ืžื• ืงืฆื‘ ืœื‘ ืžื•ืืฅ, ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”
02:00
or signs of central nervous system disfunction
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ืื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
02:03
such as confused behavior, aggression or loss of consciousness.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœืช, ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ืจื”.
02:07
The most feasible and accurate way to assess core body temperature
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ื”
02:10
is with a rectal thermometer
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ื”ื™ื ืขื ืžื“ื—ื•ื ืจืงื˜ืœื™
02:12
as other common temperature-taking methods are not accurate in these circumstances.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื—ื•ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:17
As far as treatment goes,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
02:18
the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœืงืจืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืฉื ืข ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
02:22
Because the human body can withstand a core temperature above 40 degrees Celsius
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ืžืขืœ 40 ืžืขืœื•ืช
02:27
for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in,
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ืœืžืฉืš ื› 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื ื–ืง ืœืชืื™ื,
02:30
it's essential to initiate rapid cooling on site
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื
02:33
in order to lower it as quickly as possible.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
02:36
After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืืชืœื˜ื™ ืื• ืžื’ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืจ ืžื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ,
02:39
place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ ืงืจื— ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื
02:42
and monitoring vitals continuously.
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ื•ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:45
If this is not possible,
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ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™,
02:46
dousing in ice water and applying wet towels over the entire body can help.
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ื”ืจื˜ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืขื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
02:51
But before you start anything, emergency services should be called.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื.
02:55
As you wait, it's important to keep the victim calm
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื›ื™ื, ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ
02:57
while cooling as much surface area as possible
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืžืงืจืจื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ
03:00
until emergency personnel arrive.
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ืขื“ ืฉืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
03:02
If medical staff are available on site, cooling should continue
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืงืจื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš
03:06
until a core temperature of 38.9 degrees Celsius is reached.
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ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืžืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืœ 38.9 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
03:10
The sun is known for giving life,
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื ื•ืชื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:12
but it can also take life away if we're not careful,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื,
03:15
even affecting the strongest among us.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•.
03:17
As Dr. JJ Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจ. ื’'ื™ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ืง ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืžืžืืฆืฅ ื‘ 1859,
03:21
"It strikes down its victim with his full armor on.
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"ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.
03:25
Youth, health and strength oppose no obstacle to its power."
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ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืง ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”."
03:29
But although this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
03:34
it has been 100% survivable with proper care.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• 100% ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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