The myth of Anansi, the trickster spider - Emily Zobel Marshall

824,162 views ใƒป 2022-01-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:06
As the sun sets on a plantation in Jamaica,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืงืขืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ืข ื‘ื’โ€™ืžื™ื™ืงื”,
00:10
children flock to Mr. Kwaku for a story.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืœืžืจ ืงื•ื•ืืงื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:13
They all know heโ€™s full of tales from Ghana, the land of their ancestors.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ืื ื”, ืืจืฅ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
00:18
But what they donโ€™t know, Kwaku winks,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืงื•ื•ืืงื• ืžืžืฆืžืฅ,
00:20
is how their ancestors got those stories in the first place.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:24
Long ago, all stories belonged to Nyame, the all-seeing Sky God.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ืืžื”, ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื”ื›ืœ.
00:30
People on Earth were bored and knew nothing about their history.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
00:33
But one creature decided enough was enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง.
00:36
Anansi, the tricky, shapeshifting spider,
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ืื ืื ืกื™, ื”ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืžืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื”,
00:39
resolved to bring the stories down to Earth.
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ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:41
He spun a web that stretched into the clouds
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื•ื” ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ืชืืจื›ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ื ื™ื
00:44
and climbed up to confront the Sky God.
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ื•ื˜ื™ืคืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
00:47
Crouching at Nyameโ€™s feet, Anansi shouted at the top of his lungs
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ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ืืžื”, ืื ืื ืกื™ ืฆืขืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•
00:51
that he had come to take ownership of the worldโ€™s stories.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:55
Looking down from his golden stool,
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืจืคืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื•,
00:57
Nyame hooted with laughter at the spiderโ€™s absurd request.
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ื ื™ืืžื” ื”ืชืคืงืข ืžืฆื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
01:01
Nyame told Anansi that he could have all the stories he wishedโ€”
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ื ื™ืืžื” ืืžืจ ืœืื ืื ืกื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” --
01:05
but only if he could complete an impossible task.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
01:08
If Anansi brought him Osebo the Leopard, Onini the Python,
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ืื ืื ืื ืกื™ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืกื‘ื• ื”ืคื ืชืจ, ืื•ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืŸ,
01:13
Mmoboro the Hornet, and Mmoatia the Forest Spirit,
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ืžืžื•ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืฆืจืขื”, ื•ืžืžื•ืื˜ื™ื” ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ืขืจ,
01:18
then he could take the stories.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
01:20
Anansi humbly accepted.
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ.
01:22
Nyame didnโ€™t see him grinning as he scuttled away.
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ื ื™ืืžื” ืœื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ื›ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืง.
01:26
Back on Earth, Anansi grabbed his magic bag and set to work.
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ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื ืื ืกื™ ืœืงื— ืืช ืชื™ืง ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
01:31
Anansi found Onini the Python bathing in the sun.
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ืžืฆื ืืช ืื•ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื–ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ.
01:34
Anansi scoffed that Onini couldnโ€™t be the longest animal,
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ื’ื™ื—ืš ืฉืื•ื ื™ื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืืจื•ื›ื”,
01:38
saying he looked no longer than a piece of bamboo cane.
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ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง.
01:41
Enraged, Onini stretched himself across the bamboo to prove his lengthiness.
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ื–ื•ืขื, ืื•ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืื•ืจื›ื•.
01:46
Anansi quickly bound him tight-tight to each end and placed him in his bag.
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืงืฆื” ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื™ืง.
01:52
Next, Anansi dug a great pit in the middle of the path
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ืกื™ ื—ืคืจ ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ
01:55
Osebo the Leopard usually prowled, and covered it with banana leaves.
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ืฉืื•ืกื‘ื• ื”ืคื ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื ื ื”.
01:59
Sure enough, mighty Osebo soon fell in.
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ืื•ืกื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืคืœ ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
02:03
Anansi scolded Osebo for his carelessness, but offered to rescue him.
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ื ื–ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืกื‘ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
02:08
As he helped Osebo out of the pit, Anansi swiftly jabbed him with his knife.
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ื›ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœืื•ืกื‘ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื ืื ืกื™ ื“ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
02:12
Osebo fell back to the ground
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ืื•ืกื‘ื• ื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”
02:14
where Anansi wound him up tight-tight in spider thread.
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ืฉื ืื ืื ืกื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืงื•ืจ ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
02:18
Then, Anansi heard Mmoboro and his hornets buzzing.
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ืื–, ืื ืื ืกื™ ืฉืžืข ืืช ืžืžื•ื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืืช ื–ืžื–ื•ื ื”ืฆืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:22
He cautiously approached them.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
02:24
This would be trickyโ€” their stings could make someone swell up and dieโ€”
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ -- ื”ืขื•ืงืฆื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื ืคื— ื•ืœืžื•ืช --
02:28
but Anansi knew they hated rain.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ืกื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืฉื.
02:31
He filled his mouth with water and spat it at the swarm.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ืคื™ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจืขื•ืช.
02:34
As they panicked, Anansi urged the hornets to shelter in his gourd,
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”, ืื ืื ืกื™ ื“ื—ืง ื‘ืฆืจืขื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ืกื” ื‘ื“ืœืขืช ืฉืœื•,
02:38
where they found themselves trapped.
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ืฉื ื”ืŸ ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช.
02:41
Anansi had one more task: to capture Mmoatia
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ืœืื ืื ืกื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ืžื”: ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืžื•ืื˜ื™ืื”
02:45
the elusive and mischievous Forest Spirit.
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ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ื—ืžืงื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื”.
02:48
She usually hid herself deep in the woods, but Anansi knew she was lonely.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ืกื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”.
02:52
So, he made a little doll covered in sap and left it in her path.
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ืื–, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื” ืฉืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื”.
02:57
When she came upon it, Mmoatia spoke to the doll
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ืื•ืชื”, ืžืžื•ืื˜ื™ื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”
03:00
but became enraged when it didnโ€™t answer.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืขืžื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื ืชื”.
03:03
She hit the disrespectful doll
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืก
03:05
and her small fists stuck to its sticky surface.
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ื•ื”ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื.
03:08
Anansi wrapped Mmoatia up tight-tight and scooped her into his bag
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ืขื˜ืฃ ืืช ืžืžื•ืื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื™ืงื•
03:13
along with the other creatures.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:15
Triumphantly, he climbed his web back into the clouds.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคืก ื‘ืจืฉืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื ื ื™ื.
03:18
When the Sky God saw that Anansi had completed the impossible task,
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ื›ืฉืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ืื ืกื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช,
03:22
he was amazed.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื”ื.
03:24
Nyame told Anansi that he had earned the worldโ€™s stories.
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ื ื™ืืžื” ืืžืจ ืœืื ืื ืกื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:27
Dancing for joy, Anansi gathered them up, stuffed the stories into his bag,
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ืจื•ืงื“ ืžืฉืžื—ื”, ืื ืื ืกื™ ืืกืฃ ืื•ืชื, ื“ื—ืก ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืชื™ืงื•,
03:32
and descended to Earth.
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ื•ื™ืจื“ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:34
There, he scattered the stories throughout the world for people to share.
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ืฉื, ื”ื•ื ืคื™ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ืœืงื• ืื•ืชื.
03:39
And they did, Kwaku tells the children.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช, ืงื•ื•ืืงื• ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
03:41
Generations have continued telling and reimagining Anansiโ€™s stories
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ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืื ืกื™
03:45
even after being stolen from Africa and enslaved.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืžืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื•.
03:49
Anansi may be small, but โ€œcunningโ€™s better than strong,โ€ Kwaku says,
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ืื ืื ืกื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ โ€ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื—,โ€ ืืžืจ ืงื•ื•ืืงื•,
03:54
and tells the children to take Anansiโ€™s stories with them wherever they go.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืื ืกื™ ืื™ืชื ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
03:59
Looking at his audience, Kwaku knows that Anansi will persist
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื•, ืงื•ื•ืืงื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ืื ืกื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš
04:02
as a symbol of resourcefulness and resistance in the face of oppression,
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ื›ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื™ื” ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™,
04:07
and a testament to the enduring power of storytelling.
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ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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