Stories: Legacies of who we are - Awele Makeba

73,022 views ใƒป 2012-03-12

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Jenny Zurawell
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Sorin Solomon ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
ืื ื™ ืื•ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืก, ื ื›ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืช,
00:14
I am Awele.
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00:16
Daughter of Alice, granddaughter of Ruth,
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00:19
great-granddaughter of Big Momma Alice and Madir Corine,
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ื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื’ ืžืืžื” ืืœื™ืก ื•- ืžื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ,
00:24
great-great-granddaughter of Anna and Zitii Benyen.
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ื•ื‘ืช ื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ื” ื•- ื–ื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•ืŸ.
ื–ืืช ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™
00:30
It is my hope
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00:32
to find my best possible self in the service of others.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื.
ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™? ื ื”ื’ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
00:37
Now, my daddy, he used to tell me stories.
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ
00:41
My daddy, he would say,
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00:43
"I want you to know who you are and where you come from.
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืขื™ ืžื™ ืืช ื•ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืื”.
00:45
That will guide you as you discover
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื—ื” ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
00:49
who you must be.
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ืื– ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ืœื“ืชื™?
00:51
Now, you listen to this story, you hear me, baby girl?
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00:53
It's not going to be in a book.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ื ืกืคืจ.
00:55
Your teacher is not going to tell it,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื•,
00:56
but you need to understand who you are."
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืืช."
01:00
That became a guiding principle
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืงื• ืžื ื—ื”
01:02
in the stories that I wanted to tell.
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ.
01:05
Stories about legacy of who we are.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•.
01:09
I used to hear all the time that children are the future,
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
ืืš ืžื” ื”ืงืœื™ืฉืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจืช
01:13
but what does that clichรฉ really mean
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01:15
and how are we preparing them?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืš?
01:17
So I looked for narratives about young people
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ืื– ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
01:20
and the legacy that they bring as agents of change.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื
ื›ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
01:23
The power that you have right now.
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ื›ืขืช.
01:26
Today, March 2, 1955 --
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ื”ื™ื•ื, 2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1955,
01:30
the story that I want to share with you
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื•
01:32
comes from 1955, March 2.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘- 1955, ื‘- 2 ืœืžืจืฅ.
ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืืžื™ืฆื” ื‘ืช 16,
01:36
It's about a courageous 16-year-old girl,
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01:39
Claudette Colvin.
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ืงืœื•ื“ื˜ ืงื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
01:41
And it comes full circle today
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
01:43
because a week ago today, in San Francisco,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ืกืืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•,
01:45
my middle school students,
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™
01:47
they performed a program that I had written,
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ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™
"ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™"
01:50
"Agents of Change,"
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01:51
starting with the reenactment of Plessy v. Ferguson
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืœืกื™ ื ื’ื“ ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ
01:54
from 1892 to 1896,
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ืž- 1982 ืขื“ 1986,
01:57
moving to Brown v. Board and a student-led strike
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ืžืฉื ืœ- ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื•ืจื“ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื”ื’ืช
02:00
by Barbara Rose Johns,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ืจื•ื– ื’'ื•ื ืก,
02:02
jumping to Claudette Colvin and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœ- ืงืœื•ื“ื˜ ืงื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™
ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘- 1960,
02:06
and ending in 1960 with the Sit-In Movement,
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02:09
the non-violent movement led by students.
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื-ืืœื™ืžื” ืžื•ื ื”ื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
02:13
So I'm going to share the story,
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ืืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื›ืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•,
02:16
and I would like to also share the work I do with it,
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02:19
as a case study.
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืกื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืจืฆืชื™ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช
02:23
I paid my dime at the front of the bus,
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02:25
and then I ran to the back door
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02:27
with the rest of the colored kids
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืœื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื•ืกืข
02:29
so the driver wouldn't take off before we got on.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช.
02:32
Also, well, whites don't want us walking down the aisle next to them.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื.
02:36
When I got back on the bus,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, ืื™ื–ื•ืจ"ื”ืฆื‘ืข" ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื,
02:38
colored section was full,
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02:39
so, I sat in the middle section.
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ืื– ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
02:42
I took the last row seat on the left,
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ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืกื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ,
02:44
it was right by the window,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ,
02:46
wasn't thinking about anything in particular.
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ื•ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™.
02:49
"Hey."
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"ื”ื™ื™"
02:52
I didn't know the girl next to me either, this older girl.
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ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ื™, ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:55
So I just looked out the window.
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ืื– ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
02:57
Driver went more stops,
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ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช,ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช,
02:58
more people were getting on, colored and white.
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ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
03:01
Pretty soon, no more seats were available.
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ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื.
03:04
"Give me those seats," the driver called out.
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"ืชืคื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื", ืฆืขืง ื”ื ื”ื’.
03:06
Colored folks just started getting up.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื•ื.
03:08
White folks started taking their seats,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช.
03:10
but I stayed seated.
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03:11
Girl next to me and the other two across --
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ื’ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื“ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช.
03:13
they stayed seated.
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03:15
I knew it wasn't the restricted area.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
03:17
"Make light on your feet!"
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"ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื!"
03:19
Girl next to me got up immediately.
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03:21
She stood in the aisle, then the other two girls.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ื™ ืงืžื” ืžื™ื“.
ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:23
But I told myself, this isn't the restricted area.
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
03:26
The driver, he looked up,
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ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžืขืœื”,
ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืจืื”.
03:29
looked in the window,
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03:31
that mirror.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื“. ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื’ื‘' ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืขืœืชื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
03:33
He pulled over.
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03:34
A pregnant lady, Mrs. Hamilton, got on the bus.
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03:37
She ran to the back and got on,
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ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื” ืืœ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืขืœืชื”,
03:39
not knowing he was trying to have me relinquish my seat.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื™.
03:42
And she sat right next to me.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ื™.
03:44
"The two of you need to get up so I can drive on."
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"ืฉืชื™ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืข".
03:47
"Sir, I paid my dime, I paid my fare.
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"ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืกื ื˜, ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
03:50
It's my right, you know, my constitutional --"
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืงื” ..."
03:52
"Constitutional? Ha-ha, let me get the police."
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"ื—ื•ืงื”? ื—ื”, ื—ื”. ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”".
03:56
Well he got off and he flagged down two motormen, and they came.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื ื™ื
ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื•.
04:00
And those motormen, they came onto the bus.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ื ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœื• ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
04:03
Looked at Mrs. Hamilton.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘' ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
04:05
"Now the two of you need to get up so the driver can drive on."
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"ืืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ื›ืŸ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื”".
04:08
"Sir, I paid my dime. I'm pregnant.
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"ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืกื ื˜ ืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
04:12
If I were to move right now, I'd be very sick, sir."
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ืื ืื–ื•ื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื“ื•ื ื™."
04:15
"Sir, I paid my dime too, you know, and it's my right,
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"ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืกื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื’ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื–ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:18
my constitutional right.
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04:19
I'm a citizen of the United States.
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ืื ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
04:21
You just read the 13th and 14th Amendment, it'll tell you so.
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ืจืง ืชืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”-13 ื•ื”- 14
ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื.
04:24
I know the law. My teacher, she taught it at school."
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ"
04:27
You see, my teacher, she taught the Constitution,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื”,
04:29
the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence,
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ืืช ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื›ืจื–ืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช,
ื ืื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื ืจื™. ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
04:32
Patrick Henry's speech -- I even memorized it.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
04:35
My teacher, she would prick our minds,
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04:38
trying to see what we thinking about.
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ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:40
She would say, "Who are you? Hmm?
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช "ืžื™ ืืช? ื”ื?
04:43
Who are you, sitting right here right now?
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ืœืžื” ืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”?
04:45
The person that people think they see from your outside?
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ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื
ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืš?
04:49
Who are you on the inside? How you think?
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ืžื™ ืืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื? ืื™ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช?
04:51
How you feel? What you believe?
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ืื™ืš ืืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื”? ื‘ืžื” ืืช ืžืืžื™ื ื”?
04:53
Would you be willing to stand up for what you believe in
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ื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœืš, ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื•
04:56
even if someone wants to hold you back because you're different?
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืš
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืช ืฉื•ื ื”?
04:59
Do you love your beautiful brown skin, children? Hmm?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื›ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื?
ื”ืื ืืชื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื?
05:04
Are you American?
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05:06
What does it mean to be an American? Huh?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื? ื”ื?
05:08
Homework tonight, write me an essay: "What does it mean to be an American?"
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ืชื›ืชื‘ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™?
05:12
You need to know who you are, children!"
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืืชื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื!"
05:14
My teacher, she would teach us history and current events.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
05:18
She said that's how we can understand everything that's going on
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05:21
and we can do something about it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:23
"Sir, all I know is I hate Jim Crow.
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ืื“ื•ื ื™, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื’'ื™ื ืงืจืื•.
05:27
I also know if I ain't got nothing worth living for,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•,
05:29
I ain't got nothing worth dying for. So give me liberty or give me death!
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.
ืื– ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœื™ ืื• ืชื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื™!
ืืื•ืฅ'! ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™! ืชืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืœื!"
05:33
Ouch! I don't care! Take me to jail."
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05:35
They dragged her off the bus.
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ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
05:37
Next thing, Claudette Colvin was in a car seat,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืงืœื•ื“ื˜ ืงืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื›ื‘,
ื‘ืกืคืกืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
05:41
backseat of the police car,
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05:42
handcuffed through the windows.
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ืขื ืื–ื™ืงื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘- 11 ืœืžืื™ 1956,
05:48
The following year,
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05:50
May 11, 1956,
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05:52
Claudette Colvin was the star witness
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ืงืœื•ื“ื˜ ืงื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคื“ืจืœื™
05:56
in the federal court case Browder v. Gayle.
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ื‘ืจืื•ื“ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื™ื™ืœ.
05:59
Her, an 18-year-old teenager
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ื”ื™ื, ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 18,
06:02
and two others, women, Mrs. Browder.
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ื•ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื’ื‘' ื‘ืจืื•ื“ืจ.
06:08
Their case, Browder v. Gayle, went up to the supreme court.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืจืื•ื“ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื™ื™ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
06:13
On the heels of Brown v. Board of Education,
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ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืœื—ื•ืงื”
06:15
the 14th Amendment and her powerful testimony that day,
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ื•ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
06:20
the rest is history.
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
06:24
Now, why is it we don't know this story?
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06:27
The Montgomery Bus Boycott --
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ื—ืจื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™ --
06:28
we hear Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King,
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ืจื•ื–ื” ืคืืจืงืก, ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’,
06:30
they will forever be lifted up.
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ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช.
06:32
But the role women played in that movement,
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ืืš ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช,
06:35
the role of Claudette, as an up-stander,
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ื“ื˜, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื”,
ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:40
it teaches us important lessons that challenge us today.
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06:44
What does it mean to be a participant?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง?
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”?
06:48
A responsible citizen in a democracy?
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06:52
And lessons of courage and of faith?
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืžืฅ, ื•ืืžื•ื ื”?
06:56
So I find freedom movement history that includes young people
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืืฉืจ ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
06:59
so that they can explore these big ideas
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืื”
07:01
of identity, your chosen identity,
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ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉืœื›ื
07:04
and the imposed identity.
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ื•ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืคื™ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื.
07:07
What does membership in society mean?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœื”?
07:09
Who has it? How do we make amends?
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ืžื™ ืœื•ืงื— ื—ืœืง? ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
07:12
Race and violence in America,
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ื’ื–ืข ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
07:17
as well as participatory citizenship.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื”.
07:20
So these stories allow me to have conversations,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—,
07:23
to speak the unspeakable,
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืžื™ืจื”, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ.
07:26
that many are afraid to have.
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07:29
Once in Eugene, Oregon,
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื‘- ื™ื•ื’'ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช
07:30
a young, blond-haired, blue-eyed boy, middle schooler,
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07:33
at the end of a performance in the dialogue said,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ืืžืจ
"ืื‘ืœ, ื’ื‘' ืื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื™, ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
07:36
"But Ms. Awele, racism's over, right?"
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07:39
And not wanting to answer for him, I said,
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืืžืจืชื™
07:41
"Turn to the person sitting next to you. See if you can come up with evidence."
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"ืชืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ืš.
ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”."
07:44
And I gave them four minutes to talk.
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ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
07:46
Soon, they began to tell stories,
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ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
07:51
evidence of racism in their community.
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ื™ืœื“ื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœื™, ื™ืœื“ืช ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•:
07:54
A girl wrote to me, a high school student in San Francisco:
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07:57
"I was going to skip school
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"ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื ืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืคื’ืฉ, ืื– ื‘ืืชื™.
07:58
but then I heard we had an assembly, so I came.
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08:02
And after listening to the students talk
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœืš,
08:04
and seeing your performance,
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08:06
I thought I should organize my friends
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
08:08
and we should go down to a board meeting
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ืฉื ืœืš ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื ื”ืœื”
08:10
and tell them that want to have advanced classes
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื
08:13
for A through G requirements."
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
08:17
So, I tell you this story today
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื
08:20
in honor of the legacy of young people that have come before,
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ื›ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืขื“ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”
08:23
so that they will have guideposts and signs
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื,
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”,
08:27
to be the change that they want to see in this world,
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08:30
as Claudette Colvin was.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืœื•ื“ื˜ ืงื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
08:32
Because she struck down the constitutionality
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื
08:35
of segregated seats
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืžืจื™, ืืœื‘ืžื”.
08:37
in Montgomery, Alabama.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
08:40
Thank you.
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08:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:47
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
08:48
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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