How to think about gravity - Jon Bergmann

Transcriber: Ido Dekkers Reviewer: Ariana Bleau Lugo

Translator: Haura Nabila Rinaldi Reviewer: Prameswari Rahmanu

So what is gravity?

Jadi, apa itu gravitasi?

Aku yakin banyak yang bilang,

I bet most of you think it's:

“Apa yang naik, pasti jatuh!”

"What goes up,

must come down!" Is that right?

Benar?

Yah, hampir, tetapi tidak juga.

Well, sorta, but not really.

Technically, the law of gravity is an equation.

Sebenarnya, hukum gravitasi adalah persamaan.

Yaitu: F = G x M1 x M2 / R^2,

It is: F = G x M1 x M2 / R^2,

where G is the universal gravitational constant,

di mana G adalah konstanta gravitasi universal,

M1 dan M2 adalah massa kedua benda,

M1 and M2 are the masses of the two objects,

dan R adalah jarak keduanya yang dikuadratkan.

and R is the distance between them squared.

That was easy, right?

Mudah, ’kan?

Probably not. What does this actually mean?

Mungkin tidak. Apa maksud sebenarnya?

Well it means that - well, everything is attracted to everything else.

Artinya, segala sesuatu tertarik pada segala sesuatu yang lain.

What I mean by that is if you have two objects, any two objects,

Maksudku adalah jika kamu memiliki dua objek, apapun itu,

they are attracted to each other. OK.

mereka saling tertarik.

Oke, mari kita coba pahami hal ini.

Let's try and wrap our minds around this.

What happens when you drop a rock off a cliff?

Apa yang terjadi jika batu jatuh dari tebing?

It falls to the earth. Right?

Jatuh ke tanah, ’kan?

Well, yes, but something else happens.

Ya, tapi ada hal lain yang terjadi.

You see, the law of gravity says that both objects,

Jadi, hukum gravitasi mengatakan kedua benda tersebut,

batu dan Bumi, saling tertarik satu sama lain.

the rock and the earth, are attracted to each other.

Ini berarti batu itu jatuh ke Bumi

This means that the rock falls towards the earth,

and the earth falls towards the rock.

dan Bumi jatuh ke batu.

Wait a second - you mean to tell me that if - the earth falls up to meet the rock?

Tunggu, kamu bilang Bumi jatuh ke atas untuk bertemu dengan batu?

Yes, that's exactly what I'm saying.

Ya, benar sekali.

Alasan kita tak melihat Bumi jatuh ke atas untuk bertemu batu

And the reason you don't see the earth fall up to meet the rock

is because the objects move towards each other proportionate to their respective masses.

karena mereka bergerak ke arah satu sama lain

sebanding dengan massa masing-masing.

The earth is much much much more massive than the rock,

Bumi jauh lebih besar daripada batu,

so it moves a very very small distance,

jadi, bumi bergerak dalam jarak yang sangat kecil,

and the rock is much less massive, so it moves farther

dan batu jauh lebih kecil, sehingga batu itu bergerak lebih jauh

with respect to the earth.

terhadap Bumi.

Maybe a better way to understand gravity is to take two teenagers

Cara terbaik memahami gravitasi adalah membawa 2 remaja berpakaian antariksa

in spacesuits, and place them far out in space - away from all the planets and the stars.

dan letakkan jauh di luar angkasa, jauh dari semua planet dan bintang.

It turns out they will be attracted to each other.

Ternyata mereka akan tertarik satu sama lain.

I'm not talking about that kind of attraction.

Maksudku bukan daya tarik yang itu.

See, they have mass, and since they have mass,

Mereka memiliki massa dan karena itu

mereka akan bergerak menuju satu sama lain.

they will move towards each other.

They are attracted to each other.

Mereka tertarik dengan satu sama lain.

Mungkin satu lagi bisa membantu.

Maybe one more thing might help. Have you ever played with two magnets?

Pernah bermain dengan dua magnet?

You know, the magnets with the north and the south poles?

Magnet dengan kutub utara dan selatan itu?

When you take the magnets and put them closer to each other,

Ketika kamu mengambil magnet dan saling mendekatkannya,

they move together. They are attracted to each other.

mereka bergerak bersama, saling tertarik.

And the closer they are, the stronger the attraction.

Dan semakin dekat mereka, semakin kuat daya tariknya.

Bayangkan massa benda seperti kekuatan magnet

Think of the mass of the object like the strength of a magnet

and the distance between the objects like the distance between the two magnets.

dan jarak antar benda seperti jarak antara dua magnet.

Now understand, I'm not saying that gravity and magnetism are the same,

Ingat, aku tidak mengatakan bahwa gravitasi dan magnet itu sama,

they just behave in a similar way.

mereka memiliki perilaku yang sama.

Mari kita pikirkan satu hal lagi: astronot.

Let's think of one other thing - astronauts.

You know, astronauts, they weigh less on the moon

Kamu tahu? Berat astronot lebih ringan di bulan daripada di Bumi.

than on the earth. Why is that?

Mengapa begitu?

Well you see, the moon is less massive than the earth.

Jadi, bulan tidak terlalu besar dibandingkan Bumi.

Maka, tarikan gravitasi pada astronot pun menjadi lebih kecil.

Therefore it has a smaller gravitational pull on the astronaut.

It's like the moon is a weaker magnet.

Ibaratnya, bulan itu magnet yang lemah.

They aren't as attracted to each other.

Mereka tidak tertarik satu sama lain.

Distance also plays a role. Think back to playing with a magnet.

Jarak juga berperan. Pikirkan kembali saat bermain dengan magnet.

The pull of the magnets towards each other

Tarikan magnet ke arah satu sama lain

are stronger when they are closer together. The same is true of gravity.

akan lebih kuat jika keduanya saling berdekatan.

Ini sama seperti gravitasi.

For example, the sun is the most massive object near the earth.

Misalnya, Matahari adalah objek paling besar di dekat Bumi.

It dictates most of the gravitational forces in our solar system.

Matahari menentukan sebagian besar gaya gravitasi di tata surya kita.

It is very very massive. But it is relatively far away,

Matahari ini sangat, sangat besar.

Namun, jaraknya relatif jauh,

so even though the sun is a much stronger magnet, so to speak,

Jadi, meskipun Matahari adalah, misal, magnet yang jauh lebih kuat,

it is a long ways away.

jaraknya sangat jauh.

Therefore the attraction isn't as strong.

Oleh karena itu, daya tariknya tidak begitu kuat.

Jadi, mari kita lihat kembali hukum gravitasi.

So let's look back at that law of gravity.

The equation: F = G x M1 x M2 / R ^2.

Persamaannya: F = G x M1 x M2 / R ^2.

You see the force of gravity is equal to a number.

Jadi, gaya gravitasi sama dengan sebuah angka.

That's that universal gravitational constant G

Itulah konstanta gravitasi universal G

times the mass of object one, times the mass of object two.

dikali massa benda satu, dikali massa benda dua.

Think of M1 being the mass of the sun

Bayangkan M1 adalah massa Matahari

and M2 being the mass of the earth.

dan M2 adalah massa Bumi.

And then we divide by the distance between them squared.

Dan kemudian kita membaginya dengan jarak yang dikuadratkan.

This determines the force of attraction between the sun and earth.

Hal ini menentukan gaya tarik-menarik antara Matahari dan Bumi.

You could just as easily plug in your mass

Kamu bisa dengan mudah memasukkan massamu,

and the earth's mass and the distance between you and the center of the earth,

massa Bumi, dan jarak antara kamu dan pusat Bumi,

dan temukan besaran daya tarikmu terhadap Bumi,

and find out how much you are attracted to the earth,

and the earth attracted to you.

dan sebaliknya.

So, what's gravity?

Jadi, apa itu gravitasi?

Segalanya tertarik pada segala sesuatu yang lain.

Everything is attracted to everything else.

Everything. Oh, one last thing,

Semuanya. Satu hal lagi, sekadar untuk membuatmu penasaran.

just to make you wonder. What causes gravity?

Apa penyebab gravitasi?

Why are two objects with mass attracted to each other?

Mengapa dua benda dengan massa saling tertarik?

Well, the answer is -

Jawabannya adalah:

Kita tidak tahu.

We don't know.

Penyebab gravitasi masih menjadi misteri bagi para ilmuwan.

The cause of gravity remains a mystery to scientists.

We don't really know conclusively what causes gravity.

Kita tidak tahu pasti apa yang menyebabkan gravitasi.

It is one of the great mysteries of science.

Ini adalah salah satu misteri besar dalam ilmu pengetahuan.