The breathtaking courage of Harriet Tubman - Janell Hobson

Translator: Sari Rachmatika Reviewer: Elda Indria Sari

Escaping slavery;

Lari dari perbudakan,

risking everything to save her family;

bertaruh segalanya agar keluarganya selamat,

leading a military raid;

memimpin serangan militer,

championing the cause of women’s suffrage;

memperjuangkan gerakan hak pilih wanita,

these are just a handful of the accomplishments

hanya sedikit dari pencapaian

of one of America’s most courageous heroes.

salah satu pahlawan Amerika paling berani.

Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross in Dorchester County, Maryland,

Harriet Tubman lahir bernama Araminta Ross di Dorchester County, Maryland,

in the early 1820s.

di awal 1820-an.

Born into chattel slavery, Araminta, or Minty, was the fifth of nine children.

Lahir sebagai budak, Araminta atau Minty adalah anak kelima dari 9 bersaudara.

Two of Minty’s older sisters were sold to a chain gang.

Dua dari kakak perempuan Minty dijual ke gerombolan penjahat.

Even as a small child,

Bahkan saat masih anak-anak,

Minty was hired out to different owners,

Minty dijual ke beberapa majikan berbeda,

who subjected her to whippings and punishment.

yang mencambuk dan menghukumnya.

Young Minty’s life changed forever on an errand to a neighborhood store.

Kehidupan Minty muda berubah selamanya saat ditugaskan ke toko dekat rumah.

There, an overseer threw a two-pound weight at a fugitive enslaved person,

Di sana, pengawas toko melempar 1 kg beban ke budak buronan,

missed, and struck Minty instead.

namun meleset dan mengenai Minty.

Her injury caused her to experience sleeping spells,

Luka itu membuatnya tertidur tiba-tiba,

which we know of today as narcolepsy,

yang saat ini dikenal sebagai narkolepsi,

for the rest of her life.

seumur hidupnya.

Minty’s owner tried to sell her,

Majikan Minty berusaha menjualnya,

but there were no buyers for an enslaved person who fell into sleeping spells.

tapi tidak ada yang mau membeli budak yang sering tertidur tiba-tiba.

She was instead put to work with her father, Ben Ross,

Dia lalu dipekerjakan bersama ayahnya, Ben Ross,

who taught her how to lumber.

yang mengajarinya cara memotong kayu.

Lumbering increased Minty’s physical strength

Memotong kayu meningkatkan kekuatan fisik Minty

and put her in touch with free black sailors who shipped the wood to the North.

dan menghubungkannya dengan pelaut kulit hitam yang mengirim kayu ke Utara.

From them, Minty learned about the secret communications

Dari mereka, Minty belajar tentang komunikasi rahasia

that occurred along trade routes,

yang muncul selama rute perdagangan,

information that would prove invaluable later in her life.

informasi yang terbukti sangat berharga dalam hidupnya.

In this mixed atmosphere of free and enslaved blacks working side by side,

Di suasana gabungan orang berkulit hitam yang bebas dan budak bekerja bersama,

Minty met John Tubman, a free black man she married in 1844.

Minty bertemu John Tubman, pria bebas berkulit hitam yang dinikahinya pada 1844.

After marriage, she renamed herself Harriet, after her mother.

Setelah menikah, dia mengganti nama menjadi Harriet, seperti nama ibunya.

Harriet Tubman’s owner died in 1849.

Majikan Harriet Tubman meninggal di tahun 1849.

When his widow planned to sell off her enslaved human beings,

Saat janda majikannya ingin menjual budak-budaknya,

Harriet feared she would be sold away from everyone she loved.

Harriet takut dia akan dijual jauh dari semua orang yang dia cintai.

She had heard of an “underground railroad,"

Dia mendengar tentang jalur kereta api bawah tanah,

a secret network of safe houses,

jaringan tempat aman,

boat captains,

kapten kapal,

and wagon drivers

dan pengemudi wagon

willing to harbor fugitive enslaved people on their way north.

yang mau melindungi para budak buronan dalam perjalanan mereka ke utara.

So Tubman fled with two of her brothers, Ben and Harry.

Jadi, Tubman kabur dengan dua saudara laki-lakinya, Ben dan Harry.

They eventually turned back, fearing they were lost.

Mereka akhirnya kembali, takut tersesat.

But in one of her sleeping spells,

Suatu hari saat dia tiba-tiba tidur,

Harriet dreamed that she could fly like a bird.

Harriet bermimpi dia bisa terbang seperti burung.

Looking down below, she saw the path to liberation.

Saat terbang melihat ke bawah, dia melihat jalan menuju kebebasan.

And in the autumn of 1849, she set out on her own,

Pada musim gugur 1849, dia melarikan diri sendiri,

following the North Star to Pennsylvania, and to freedom.

mengikuti Bintang Utara ke Pennsylvania, dan ke kemerdekaan.

Tubman returned to the South 13 times to free her niece,

Tubman kembali ke Selatan 13 kali untuk membebaskan keponakan,

brothers,

saudara laki-laki,

parents,

orang tua,

and many others.

dan masih banyak lagi.

She earned the nickname Black Moses

Dia dijuluki Musa Hitam

and worked diligently with fellow abolitionists

dan rajin bekerja bersama rekan abolisionis lainnya

to help enslaved people escape,

untuk membantu para budak melarikan diri,

first to the North, and later to Canada.

ke Utara terlebih dahulu, lalu ke Kanada.

Harriet Tubman worked as a Union army nurse,

Harriet Tubman bekerja sebagai perawat militer Union,

scout,

pengintai,

and spy during the Civil War.

dan mata-mata selama Perang Saudara.

In 1863, she became the first woman in United States history

Di tahun 1863, dia menjadi wanita pertama dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat

to plan and lead a military raid,

yang merencanakan dan memimpin pasukan militer,

liberating nearly 700 enslaved persons in South Carolina.

membebaskan hampir 700 budak di Carolina Selatan.

After the war, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Setelah perang, Amendemen ke-13 Konstitusi Amerika Serikat

legally abolished slavery,

secara legal menghapuskan perbudakan,

while the 14th expanded citizenship

Amendemen ke-14 menambahkan kewarganegaraan

and the 15th gave voting rights to formerly enslaved black men.

dan yang ke-15 memberikan hak pilih bagi eks budak pria kulit hitam.

But she was undaunted, and she persisted.

Tapi dia berani dan gigih.

She raised funds for formerly enslaved persons

Dia menggalang dana untuk eks budak

and helped build schools and a hospital on their behalf.

dan membantu membangun sekolah dan rumah sakit untuk mereka.

In 1888, Tubman became more active in the fight for women’s right to vote.

Di tahun 1888, Tubman menjadi lebih aktif memperjuangkan hak pilih untuk wanita.

In 1896, she appeared at the founding convention

Di tahun 1896, dia menghadiri konvensi pendiri

of the National Association of Colored Women in Washington D.C.

Asosiasi Nasional Wanita Kulit Warna di Washington D.C.

and later at a woman’s suffrage meeting in Rochester, New York.

kemudian pertemuan hak pilih wanita di Rochester, New York.

There she told the audience:

Di sana dia memberi tahu hadirin:

“I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad,

"Aku konduktor Jalur Kereta Api Bawah Tanah,

and I can say what many others cannot.

dan bisa mengatakan yang tak bisa dikatakan banyak orang.

I never ran my train off the track, and I never lost a passenger.”

Keretaku tak pernah keluar jalur atau kehilangan penumpang."

As her fame grew,

Sementara ketenarannya berkembang,

various friends and allies helped her in the fight

berbagai teman dan sekutu membantunya berjuang

to collect a veteran’s pension for her service in the Union Army.

untuk mengumpulkan pensiun veteran untuk pelayanannya di pasukan Union.

In 1899, she was finally granted $20 a month.

Di tahun 1899, dia akhirnya mendapatkan 20 dolar per bulan.

In a fitting twist of fate,

Dalam ikatan takdir,

the United States Treasury announced in 2016

Perbendaharaan Amerika Serikat mengumumkan pada tahun 2016

that Tubman’s image will appear on a redesigned twenty dollar bill.

bahwa foto Tubman akan muncul di uang kertas dua puluh dolar berdesain baru.

Harriet Tubman died on March 10, 1913.

Harriet Tubman meninggal pada 10 Maret 1913.

Even on her deathbed at age 91,

Bahkan pada akhir hayatnya di usia 91 tahun,

she kept the freedom of her people in mind.

dia masih memikirkan kemerdekaan kaumnya.

Her final words were:

Kalimat terakhirnya adalah:

"I go away to prepare a place for you.”

"Aku pergi untuk menyiapkan tempat bagi kalian."