The breathtaking courage of Harriet Tubman - Janell Hobson

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2018-07-24 ・ TED-Ed


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The breathtaking courage of Harriet Tubman - Janell Hobson

1,791,213 views ・ 2018-07-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeona Seo κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
Escaping slavery;
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λ…Έμ˜ˆλ₯Ό ν•΄λ°©μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
00:08
risking everything to save her family;
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가쑱을 μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨λ“  μœ„ν—˜μ„ 무릅쓰고
00:10
leading a military raid;
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κ΅°λŒ€μ˜ κΈ‰μŠ΅μ„ 이끌고
00:11
championing the cause of women’s suffrage;
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μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μ°Έμ •κΆŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°κ³ 
00:14
these are just a handful of the accomplishments
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 미ꡭ의 κ°€μž₯ μš©κ°ν•œ μ˜μ›… μ€‘μ˜ ν•œ λͺ…이 μ΄λ£©ν•œ
00:16
of one of America’s most courageous heroes.
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κ·Έμ € μž‘μ€ μ„±κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross in Dorchester County, Maryland,
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해리엇 ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ λ³Έλͺ… 아라민타 둜슀둜, λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œ μ£Ό λ„μ²΄μŠ€ν„° μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ
00:23
in the early 1820s.
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1820λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆμ— νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Born into chattel slavery, Araminta, or Minty, was the fifth of nine children.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€μ‘±μ—μ„œ 9남맀 쀑 λ‹€μ„― 째둜 νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ•„λΌλ―Όνƒ€λŠ” 민티라고도 λΆˆλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Two of Minty’s older sisters were sold to a chain gang.
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λ―Όν‹°μ˜ 두 μ–Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ‚¬μŠ¬μ— 묢인 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ νŒ”λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Even as a small child,
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μ–΄λ¦° λ‚˜μ΄ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„°
00:35
Minty was hired out to different owners,
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λ―Όν‹°λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ£ΌμΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ³ μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
00:37
who subjected her to whippings and punishment.
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κ·Έ 주인듀은 κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό μ±„μ°μ§ˆν•˜κ³  λ²Œμ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Young Minty’s life changed forever on an errand to a neighborhood store.
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이웃 μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•œ μ‹¬λΆ€λ¦„μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ¦° λ―Όν‹°μ˜ 삢은 μ˜μ›νžˆ λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
There, an overseer threw a two-pound weight at a fugitive enslaved person,
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ ν•œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ£Όκ°€ 무거운 쇳덩이λ₯Ό λ…Έμ˜ˆ λ„λ§μžμ—κ²Œ λ˜μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
00:47
missed, and struck Minty instead.
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그것은 λΉ—λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ, λŒ€μ‹  λ―Όν‹°λ₯Ό μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Her injury caused her to experience sleeping spells,
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이 뢀상을 μž…μ€ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μˆ˜μ‹œλ‘œ μž μ— λΉ μ Έλ“€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
which we know of today as narcolepsy,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 기면증이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄
00:55
for the rest of her life.
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 평생 λ”°λΌλ‹€λ…”μ§€μš”.
00:57
Minty’s owner tried to sell her,
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λ―Όν‹°μ˜ 주인은 κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό νŒ”λ €κ³  ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:59
but there were no buyers for an enslaved person who fell into sleeping spells.
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기면증에 빠진 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ₯Ό μ‚¬λ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 아무도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
She was instead put to work with her father, Ben Ross,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  아버지인 λ²€ λ‘œμŠ€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:06
who taught her how to lumber.
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 벌λͺ©μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Lumbering increased Minty’s physical strength
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벌λͺ© 덕뢄에 λ―Όν‹°λŠ” 신체적 νž˜μ„ ν‚€μšΈ 수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:10
and put her in touch with free black sailors who shipped the wood to the North.
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λΆλΆ€μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μš΄μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” μžμœ λ…Έλ™μž 흑인듀과 λ§Œλ‚  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
From them, Minty learned about the secret communications
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λ―Όν‹°λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ κ΅μ—­λ‘œμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”
01:18
that occurred along trade routes,
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λΉ„λ°€ 연결망에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:20
information that would prove invaluable later in her life.
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이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ΄ν›„μ˜ μ‚Άμ—μ„œ 맀우 κ·€μ€‘ν•œ 정보가 λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:24
In this mixed atmosphere of free and enslaved blacks working side by side,
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μžμœ μ™€ λ…Έμ˜ˆ 흑인이 μ„žμ—¬ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΆ„μœ„κΈ° μ†μ—μ„œ
01:28
Minty met John Tubman, a free black man she married in 1844.
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λ―Όν‹°λŠ” μ‘΄ ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ΄λΌλŠ” 자유 흑인을 λ§Œλ‚˜ 1844년에 κ²°ν˜Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
After marriage, she renamed herself Harriet, after her mother.
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결혼 ν›„ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 이름을 따라 μžμ‹ μ˜ 이름을 ν•΄λ¦¬μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ 개λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Harriet Tubman’s owner died in 1849.
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해리엇 ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ˜ 주인은 1849년에 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
When his widow planned to sell off her enslaved human beings,
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그의 κ³ΌλΆ€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ„ νŒ”λ €κ³  κ³„νšν•  λ•Œ
01:43
Harriet feared she would be sold away from everyone she loved.
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해리엇은 μžμ‹ μ΄ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 멀리 νŒ”λ €κ°ˆ 것이 λ‘λ €μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
She had heard of an β€œunderground railroad,"
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” "μ§€ν•˜ 철도"라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 쑰직을 λ– μ˜¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
a secret network of safe houses,
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이 비밀쑰직망은 μ•ˆμ „κ°€μ˜₯κ³Ό
01:51
boat captains,
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μ„ μž₯λ“€
01:52
and wagon drivers
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그리고 λ§ˆλΆ€λ“€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:54
willing to harbor fugitive enslaved people on their way north.
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νƒˆμ£Ό λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ΄ 뢁μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ 갈 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 기꺼이 λ„μ™€μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
So Tubman fled with two of her brothers, Ben and Harry.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ λ²€κ³Ό ν•΄λ¦¬λΌλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 두 ν˜•μ œμ™€ νƒˆμΆœν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:01
They eventually turned back, fearing they were lost.
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” 길을 μžƒμ€ 두렀움에 λ˜λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
But in one of her sleeping spells,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–΄λŠλ‚  기면증으둜 μž μ— 빠져있던 κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
02:06
Harriet dreamed that she could fly like a bird.
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마치 μžμ‹ μ΄ μƒˆμ²˜λŸΌ λ‚˜λŠ” κΏˆμ„ κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Looking down below, she saw the path to liberation.
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μ•„λž˜λ₯Ό λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 자유λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ 길을 λ³΄μ•˜μ§€μš”.
02:13
And in the autumn of 1849, she set out on her own,
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그리고 1849λ…„ 가을, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν˜Όμžμ„œ μΆœλ°œν•˜μ—¬
02:17
following the North Star to Pennsylvania, and to freedom.
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뢁극성을 λ”°λΌμ„œ, νŽœμ‹€λ² λ‹ˆμ•„μ™€ 자유λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ νƒˆμΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Tubman returned to the South 13 times to free her niece,
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ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ 남뢀에 13λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 쑰카와
02:25
brothers,
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ν˜•μ œλ“€κ³Ό
02:26
parents,
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€
02:27
and many others.
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 이듀을 ν•΄λ°©μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
She earned the nickname Black Moses
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 흑인 λͺ¨μ„ΈλΌλŠ” 별λͺ…을 μ–»μ—ˆκ³ 
02:30
and worked diligently with fellow abolitionists
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λ™λ£Œ λ…Έμ˜ˆνμ§€λ‘ μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λΆ€μ§€λŸ°νžˆ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λ©°
02:33
to help enslaved people escape,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ˜ νƒˆμΆœμ„ λ„μ™€μ„œ
02:35
first to the North, and later to Canada.
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λΆλΆ€λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λ‘œ 갈 수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Harriet Tubman worked as a Union army nurse,
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해리엇 ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ λΆλΆ€κ΅°μ—μ„œ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ
02:41
scout,
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μ •μ°°λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ
02:42
and spy during the Civil War.
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그리고 μŠ€νŒŒμ΄λ‘œμ„œ λ‚¨λΆμ „μŸμ—μ„œ ν™œμ•½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
In 1863, she became the first woman in United States history
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1863년에 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 졜초둜
02:48
to plan and lead a military raid,
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ꡰ사 곡격을 κ³„νšν•˜κ³  μ΄λŒμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
02:50
liberating nearly 700 enslaved persons in South Carolina.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜ λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œ 700μ—¬ λͺ…μ˜ 흑인 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ„ ν•΄λ°©μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
After the war, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
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μ „μŸ 후에, λ―Έκ΅­ μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 제13μ‘°λŠ”
02:59
legally abolished slavery,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λ₯Ό ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ νμ§€ν–ˆκ³ 
03:01
while the 14th expanded citizenship
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μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 14μ‘°λŠ” μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ ν™•λŒ€ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
03:03
and the 15th gave voting rights to formerly enslaved black men.
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μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 15μ‘°λŠ” 과거에 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ˜ 흑인 λ‚¨μžμ—κ²Œλ§Œ μ°Έμ •κΆŒμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
But she was undaunted, and she persisted.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , κ³„μ†λ‚˜μ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
She raised funds for formerly enslaved persons
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μžκΈˆμ„ λͺ¨μ•˜κ³ 
03:13
and helped build schools and a hospital on their behalf.
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그듀을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•΄ 학ꡐ와 병원을 μ„Έμš°λŠ” 것을 λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
In 1888, Tubman became more active in the fight for women’s right to vote.
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1888년에, ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ μ—¬μ„±μ°Έμ •κΆŒμš΄λ™μ— 더 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
In 1896, she appeared at the founding convention
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1896년에, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ D.C.μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦°
03:25
of the National Association of Colored Women in Washington D.C.
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흑인 μ—¬μ„± ꡭ립 λ™λ§Ήμ˜ 창립 μ΄νšŒμ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ 
03:29
and later at a woman’s suffrage meeting in Rochester, New York.
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ν›„μ—λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ˜ λ‘œμ²΄μŠ€ν„°μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦° μ—¬μ„± μ°Έμ •κΆŒ νšŒμ˜μ—λ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
There she told the audience:
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ²­μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
β€œI was a conductor on the Underground Railroad,
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"μ €λŠ” μ§€ν•˜ μ² λ„μ˜ μ°¨μž₯μ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:38
and I can say what many others cannot.
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 말을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
I never ran my train off the track, and I never lost a passenger.”
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제 κΈ°μ°¨λŠ” ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ νƒˆμ„ ν•œ 적이 μ—†μœΌλ©°, ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ μŠΉκ°μ„ μžƒμ€μ μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
03:45
As her fame grew,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λͺ…성이 μžμžν•΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘,
03:47
various friends and allies helped her in the fight
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯μžλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 도와
03:50
to collect a veteran’s pension for her service in the Union Army.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λΆλΆ€κ΅°μ—μ„œ λ³΅λ¬΄ν•œ λŒ“κ°€λ‘œ μ—°κΈˆμ„ 받을 수 있게 μ‹Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
In 1899, she was finally granted $20 a month.
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1899년에, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ ν•œ 달에 20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό 받을 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
In a fitting twist of fate,
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운λͺ…μ˜ μž₯λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ
03:59
the United States Treasury announced in 2016
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2016λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­ μž¬λ¬΄λΆ€λŠ”
04:02
that Tubman’s image will appear on a redesigned twenty dollar bill.
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μƒˆλ‘œ λ””μžμΈ 될 20λ‹¬λŸ¬ 지폐에 ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ˜ μ΄ˆμƒμ„ μ“Έ 것을 κ³΅ν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Harriet Tubman died on March 10, 1913.
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해리엇 ν„°λΈŒλ¨Όμ€ 1913λ…„ 3μ›” 10일에 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Even on her deathbed at age 91,
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91μ„Έμ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œ μž„μ’…μ„ λ§žμ΄ν•  λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨λ„
04:14
she kept the freedom of her people in mind.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ— 자유λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœμ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
Her final words were:
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
04:18
"I go away to prepare a place for you.”
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"μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μœ„ν•œ 곳을 μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
더 λ§Žμ€ TED-Ed 강연을 λ³΄μ‹œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ ed.ted.com을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ„Έμš”.
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이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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