Inside your computer - Bettina Bair

Prevoditelj: Ivan Luka Sabolović Recezent: Sanja Srbljnović Čuček

Do you remember when you first realized

Sjećate li se trenutka kad ste shvatili da vaše računalo

that your computer was more

than just a monitor and keyboard?

nije samo monitor i tipkovnica?

That between the mouse click and the video playing,

Da je između miša i pokretanja videozapisa

there was something that captured your intention,

nešto što je uhvatilo vašu namjeru,

understood it,

razumjelo ju i ostvarilo.

and made it real?

What is that something?

Što je to nešto?

Is it gremlins?

Jesu li gremlini?

Let's imagine that we can shrink down

Zamislimo da se možemo smanjiti na veličinu elektrona

to the size of an electron

and inject ourselves into a click of a mouse.

i ubaciti u klik miša.

If you took your mouse apart,

Rastavite li svoj miš,

you'd see that it's really a very simple machine.

vidjet ćete da je to zapravo vrlo jednostavna stvar.

It has a couple buttons

Ima par tipki i sustav za otkrivanje pokreta i udaljenosti.

and a system for detecting motion and distance.

You might have an optical mouse

Možda imate optički miš koji ova mjerenja izvodi svjetlima i senzorima,

that makes these measurements with lights and sensors,

but older ones did this with a hard rubber ball

no stariji su miševi to činili s tvrdom gumenom lopticom i nekoliko kotačića.

and some plastic wheels.

Same concept.

Isti princip.

When you click the button on your mouse,

Kad pritisnete tipku miša,

it sends a message to the computer

ta računalu šalje poruku s podacima o njegovom položaju.

with information about its position.

When your mouse click is received,

Zaprimljenim klikom miša

it's handled by the basic input/output subsystem.

upravlja jednostavan ulazno-izlazni podsustav.

This subsystem acts like the eyes and ears

Taj podsustav djeluje kao oči i uši

and mouth and hands of the computer.

i usta i ruke računala.

Basically, it provides a way for the computer

Računalu osigurava mogućnost

to interact with its environment.

komuniciranja s okolinom.

But it also acts like a buffer

A djeluje i kao zaštita

to keep the CPU from being overwhelmed by distractions.

kako procesor ne bi bio preplavljen smetnjama.

In this case, the I/O subsystem decides

U tom slučaju, izlazno-ulazni podsustav odlučuje da je klik miša prilično bitan

that your mouse click is pretty important

so it generates an interrupt to the CPU.

pa generira prekid u procesoru.

"Hey, CPU! Got a click here."

“Hej, procesore! Imamo klik.”

The CPU, or central processing unit,

Centralna procesorska jedinica ili procesor je mozak cijelog računala.

is the brains of the whole computer.

Just like your brain doesn't take up your whole body,

Kao što vaš mozak ne zauzima čitavo vaše tijelo,

the CPU doesn't take up the whole computer,

tako ni procesor ne zauzima čitavo računalo,

but it runs the show all the same.

ali svejedno ima glavnu riječ.

And the CPU's job, its whole job,

A posao procesora jest

is fetching instructions from memory

dohvaćati upute iz memorije i izvršavati ih.

and executing them.

So, while you're typing, typing, typing,

I dok tipkate, tipkate, tipkate,

maybe really fast,

možda vrlo brzo, recimo 60 riječi u minuti,

like 60 words a minute,

the CPU is fetching and executing

procesor dohvaća i izvršava

billions of instructions a second.

milijarde uputa u sekundi.

Yes, billions every second:

Tako je, milijarde, svake sekunde:

instructions to move your mouse around on the screen,

upute za pomicanje miša po ekranu,

to run that clock widget on your desktop,

za pokretanje sata na radnoj površini,

play your internet radio,

za slušanje internet radija,

manage the files you're editing on the hard drive,

za upravljanje datotekama na hard disku,

and much, much more.

i mnogo, mnogo više.

Your computer's CPU is one heck of a multitasker!

Procesor vašeg računala je jedan vraški multitasker!

"But oh my gosh

“Ali, o moj bože, upravo stiže vrlo važan klik miša!

there's a very important mouse click

coming through now!

Let's drop everything now and deal with that!"

Ostavimo sve i pozabavimo se time!”

There are programs for everything

Postoje programi za sve što procesor radi.

that the CPU does.

A special program for the mouse,

Poseban program za miš,

for the clock widget,

za sat, za internetski radio,

for the internet radio,

and for dealing with letters sent by the keyboard.

i za slova s tipkovnice.

Each program was initially written by a human

Svaki je program prvotno napisao čovjek

in a human-readable programming language,

u čovjeku-razumljivom programskom jeziku,

like Java,

kao što su Java, C++, ili Python.

C++,

or Python.

But human programs take up a lot of space

No, ljudski programi zauzimaju mnogo mjesta

and contain a lot of unnecessary information to a computer,

i sadrže mnogo računalu nepotrebnih informacija.

so they are compiled and made smaller

Zato su one sažete, smanjene

and stored in bits of ones and zeros in memory.

i spremljene u bitove jedinica i nula u memoriji.

The CPU realizes that it needs instructions

Procesor shvaća da treba upute

for how to deal with this mouse click,

za postupanje s tim klikom miša,

so it looks up the address for the mouse program

pa traži adresu programa za miš

and sends a request to the memory subsystem

i šalje upit memorijskom podsustavu

za upute koje su tamo pohranjene.

for instructions stored there.

Each instruction in the mouse device driver

Svaka uputa u upravljačkom programu miša pravilno je dohvaćena i izvršena.

is duly fetched and executed.

And that's not nearly the end of the story!

A to nije ni približno kraj priče!

Because the CPU learns that the mouse was clicked

Procesor doznaje da je miš kliknut

when the cursor was over a picture

dok je kursor bio nad slikom tipke na ekranu,

of a button on the monitor screen,

and so, the CPU asks memory for the monitor program

pa procesor pita memoriju programa za monitor,

to find out what that button is.

da dozna što znači ta tipka.

And then the CPU has to ask memory

Sad procesor mora tražiti memoriju program za tu tipku,

for the program for the button,

which means that the CPU needs

što znači da procesor opet treba program za monitor

the monitor program again

to show the video associated with the button,

da prikaže videozapis povezan s tom tipkom,

and so it goes.

i tako to ide.

And let's just say there are a lot of programs involved

Recimo samo da je mnogo progama uključeno

before you even see the button on the screen

prije nego i vidite da je tipka na ekranu osvijetljena prilikom klika.

light up when you clicked it.

So, just the simple task of clicking your mouse

Dakle, samo jednostavan zadatak klikanja miša znači

means visiting all of the critical components

posjećivanje svih kritičnih komponenti arhitekture vašeg računala:

of your computer's architecture:

peripherals,

periferije, jednostavnog ulazno-izlaznog sustava,

the basic input-output system,

the CPU,

procesora, programa i memorije,

programs,

and memory,

and not one gremlin.

a ne nekog gremlina.